Correlation between metabolic syndrome component aggregation and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a certain district of Urumqi’s check-up population / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective The relationship between metabolic syndrome(MetS), metabolic syndrome score (MSS) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) in Urumqi was investigated by the MSS, reflecting the aggregation of MetS components. Methods The subjects were divided into non-NAFLD and NAFLD group by abdominal B ultrasound. The results of physical examination and blood biochemical examination were analyzed. The MSS was calculated and the relationship between the different aggregation of MSS and NAFLD was analyzed by Log-binomial regression. Results A total of 20 569 subjects were included in the study. The detection rate of MetS was 16.7%, the detection rate of NAFLD was 32.4%. Compared with non-NAFLD group, the systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure,body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were all increased in the NAFLD group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After adjusting for gender, age, ethnicity and education level, Log-binomial regression analysis showed high BMI, hypertension and hyperglycemia. High triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins are the main risk factors for NAFLD (PR values were 3.194, 1.331, 1.623, 1.981, 1.254, respectively); the risk of NAFLD increased corresondingly when MSS, MSS0, MSS1, MSS2, MSS3, and MSS4 increased. The PR were 3.127, 4.983, 6.437, and 7.331, respectively. Conclusions The formation of NAFLD is not a single accumulation of liver fat, combined with abnormalities such as blood lipids, blood pressure, and blood sugar. The detection rate of male MetS and NAFLD was higher than that of female, but women with two abnormal metabolic indicators were more likely to develop into NAFLD. BMI as the obesity index has the strongest relationship with NAFLD, and NAFLD prevention should focus on obese people.

Research progress on Chinese materia medica improving human health by regulating intestinal flora / 中草药

More and more researches have shown that gut microbiota and human health are closely related, the development of some diseases are often accompanied by changes in gut normal microbiota. Hence, adjusting gut microbiota to make them normalization will become the mechanism to alleviate the certain disease. The development of Chinese materia medica (CMM) in China has a long history, with the dual effects of treating disease and maintaining good health. Currently, some studies have shown that CMM can also regulate the structure of gut microbiota during the treatment of certain disease, that made gut microbiota be the other mechanism of treating some disease by CMM in addition to gastrointestinal absorption. This review summarizes the relationship between gut microbiota and human health as well as the study of CMM via regulating gut microbiota to ameliorate some diseases in recent years, and provides a new theoretical basis of CMM treatment.

Effect of intestinal function-recovering decoction on treatment of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in rats

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the effect of intestinal function-recovering decoction on multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in rats, and to investigate a novel solution to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.@*METHODS@#Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome was induced in 60 Sprague-Dawley rats by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion combined with cecal ligation and puncture. Then these rats were intragastrically administered physiological saline (group I, n=20), ampicillin (group II, n=20) or intestinal function-recovering decoction (group III, n=20). After treatment, serum malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase levels were compared among three groups. Simultaneously, bacterial culture of various organ tissues was performed and bacterial and endotoxin translocation were observed.@*RESULTS@#Compared with group I, serum malondialdehyde, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly decreased (all P0.05). The rate of bacterial translocation in the groups II and III was significantly lower than in the group I (P0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Intestinal function-recovering decoction can significantly reduce endotoxin and bacterial translocation and stabilize enteral oxidative-antioxidative balance.

Prevalence, risk factors, clinical course, and outcome of acute kidney injury in Chinese intensive care units: a prospective cohort study / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been recognized as a major healthcare problem affecting millions of patients worldwide. However, epidemiologic data concerning AKI in China are still lacking. The objectives of this study were to characterize AKI defined by RIFLE criteria, assess the association with hospital mortality, and evaluate the impact of AKI in the context of other risk factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This prospective multicenter observational study enrolled 3,063 consecutive patients from 1 July 2009 to 31 August 2009 in 22 ICUs across mainland China. We excluded patients who were admitted for less than 24 hours (n = 1623), younger than 18 years (n = 127), receiving chronic hemodialysis (n = 29), receiving renal transplantation (n = 1) and unknown reasons (n = 28). There were 1255 patients in the final analysis. AKI was diagnosed and classified according to RIFLE criteria.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 396 patients (31.6%) who had AKI, with RIFLE maximum class R, I, and F in 126 (10.0%), 91 (7.3%), and 179 (14.3%) patients, respectively. Renal function deteriorated in 206 patients (16.4%). In comparison with non AKI patients, patients in the risk class on ICU admission were more likely to progress to the injury class (odds ratio (OR) 3.564, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.706 - 7.443, P = 0.001], while patients in the risk class (OR 5.215, 95% CI 2.798-9.719, P < 0.001) and injury class (OR 13.316, 95% CI 7.507-23.622, P < 0.001) had a significantly higher probability of deteriorating into failure class. The adjusted hazard ratios for 90-day mortality were 1.884 for the risk group, 3.401 for the injury group, and 5.306 for the failure group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The prevalence of AKI was high among critically ill patients in Chinese ICUs. In comparison with non-AKI patients, patients with RIFLE class R or class I on ICU admission were more susceptibility to progression to class I or class F. The RIFLE criteria were robust and correlated well with clinical deterioration and mortality.</p>

Timing of positive head-up tilt test for patients with suspected vasovagal syncope / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the time course of positive head-up tilt test (HUTT) for patients with suspected vasovagal syncope.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Consecutive patients referred to the syncope unit of our center for recurrent unexplained syncope were included. The HUTT consisted of a 30 minute passive basic phase and a 20 minute sublingual nitroglycerin provocation phase if syncope did not develop during the passive phase.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Positive HUTT was observed in 427 out of 773 consecutive patients (55.2%) patients including 43 patients (10.1%) during the passive basic phase and 384 patients (89.9%) during the nitroglycerin provocation phase. During the basic phase, the positive Hutt developed at 7.5 minute (n = 2) and peaked at 22.5th minute (20.9%, n = 9) and then decreased gradually. Most positive reactions (93.0%, n = 40) occurred between the 10 and 25 minutes during the basic phase. During the nitroglycerin provocation phase, the percentage of positive reactions increased rapidly after sublingual nitroglycerin, peaked at the 10th minute (35.7%, n = 137) and decreased thereafter. Most positive reactions (96.1%, n = 369) occurred within the first 15 minutes of provocation phase.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The appropriate duration for HUTT test could be modified to a 25 minutes passive basic phase plus 15 minutes nitroglycerin provocation phase.</p>

Helicobacter pylori infection enhances atherosclerosis in high-cholesterol diet fed C57BL/6 mice / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the impacts of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection on atherosclerosis and plasma lipid levels in high-cholesterol diet fed C57BL/6 mice.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 12 each): fed with normal chow diet (A), infected with H. pylori (B), fed with high-cholesterol diet (C) and infected with H. pylori and fed with high-cholesterol diet (D). After 52 weeks, plasma levels of lipids were measured and aortic atherosclerosis was observed. The ureA, ureC, cagA and vacA DNA were also detected by PCR in the aortic arteries.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>(1) Prevalence of atherosclerosis was similar between group C and D (91.6% vs. 100%, P > 0.05) while there was no atherosclerosis in group A and B. H. pylori infected mice showed more obvious inflammation in gastric mucosa than mice without H. pylori infection. (2) The plasma levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL were higher and HDL was lower in group B, C and D than those in group A and in group D than in group C (all P < 0.05). (3) Roberts & Thompson scores and number of foam cells in plaques were significantly higher in group D compared with those in group C (all P < 0.05). (4) ureC DNA was detected in 5 out of 12 aortic arteries of mice in group D but not in group A, B and C.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our results suggested that H. pylori infection might enhance the atherosclerotic lesion formation in this mouse model.</p>

Influence of fluoride on Runx2 mRNA and protein expression in rat osteoblasts / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To study the influence of fluoride on the expression of Runx2 in suckling rat osteoblasts. Methods Osteoblasts obtained from calvarium of suckling Wistar rats were cultured in the media supplemented with NaF at different doses(0, 1,2 and 4 rag/L), and Runx2 Mrna expression and protein expression were evaluated by RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Results Runx2 Mrna expression in suckling rat osteoblasts cultured in vitro significantly increased after exposure to NaF for 48 h at different doses (0.613±0.055, 0.773±0.070 and 0.775±0.070 for 1,2 and 4 mg/L,respecfively) compared to the control (0.482±0.043 ,P< 0.05). Runx2 Mrna expression further increased after 72 h exposure to NaF(0.969±0.048,1.229±0.061,1.255± 0.063 for 1,2 and 4 mg/L, respectively) ,which is significantly higher than the control(0.724±0.036,P<0.05) and corresponding groups at 48 h. NaF doses and exposure time exhibited a significant synergistic effect on Runx2 Mrna expression (P<0.05). Similarly, NaF also enhanced Bunx2 protein expression in suckling rat osteoblasts cultured in vitro. Significant differences were observed between groups exposed to NaF (1,2 and 4 rag/L) and control at48 h post-exposure (0.141±0.007, 0.143±0.008, 0.143±0.011 vs 0.129±0.012, P<0.05) as well as 72 h post-expesure(0.156±0.014, 0.168±0.018, 0.162±0.0100 vs 0.137±0.016, P<0.05). In addition, Runx2 protein expression at 72 h post-exposure was significantly higher than that at 48 h. Conclusions The results suggested that NaF could increase Runx2 expression in suckling rat osteoblasts with a synergistic effect between the doses and exposure time.