Current and recent cigarette smoking in relation to cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality in an elderly male Chinese population / 老年心脏病学杂志（英文版）

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the association between current and former smoking and the risk of mortality in elderly Chinese men.@*METHODS@#Our study participants were elderly (≥ 60 years) men recruited in a suburban town of Shanghai. Cigarette smoking status was categorized as never smoking, remote (cessation > 5 years) and recent former smoking (cessation ≤ 5 years), and light-to-moderate (≤ 20 cigarettes/day) and heavy current smoking (> 20 cigarettes/day). Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic splines were used to examine the associations of interest.@*RESULTS@#The 1568 participants had a mean age of 68.6 ± 7.1 years. Of all participants, 311 were never smokers, 201 were remote former smokers, 133 were recent former smokers, 783 were light-to-moderate current smokers and 140 were heavy current smokers. During a median follow-up of 7.9 years, all-cause, cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular deaths occurred in 267, 106 and 161 participants, respectively. Heavy current smokers had the highest risk of all-cause and non-cardiovascular mortality, with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 2.30 (95% CI: 1.34-4.07) and 3.98 (95% CI: 2.03-7.83) versus never smokers, respectively. Recent former smokers also had a higher risk of all-cause (HR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.04-2.52) and non-cardiovascular mortality (HR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.32-4.37) than never smokers. Cox regression restricted cubic spline models showed the highest risk of all-cause and non-cardiovascular mortality within 5 years of smoking cessation and decline thereafter. Further subgroup analyses showed interaction between smoking status and pulse rate (≥ 70 beats/min vs. < 70 beats/min) in relation to the risk of all-cause and non-cardiovascular mortality, with a higher risk in current versus never smokers in those participants with a pulse rate below 70 beats/min.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Cigarette smoking in elderly Chinese confers significant risks of mortality, especially when recent former smoking is considered together with current smoking.

Inverted U-Shaped Associations between Glycemic Indices and Serum Uric Acid Levels in the General Chinese Population: Findings from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) Study / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#The relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and glycemic indices, including plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour postload glucose (2h-PG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), remains inconclusive. We aimed to explore the associations between glycemic indices and SUA levels in the general Chinese population.@*Methods@#The current study was a cross-sectional analysis using the first follow-up survey data from The China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort Study. A total of 105,922 community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 40 years underwent the oral glucose tolerance test and uric acid assessment. The nonlinear relationships between glycemic indices and SUA levels were explored using generalized additive models.@*Results@#A total of 30,941 men and 62,361 women were eligible for the current analysis. Generalized additive models verified the inverted U-shaped association between glycemic indices and SUA levels, but with different inflection points in men and women. The thresholds for FPG, 2h-PG, and HbA1c for men and women were 6.5/8.0 mmol/L, 11.0/14.0 mmol/L, and 6.1/6.5, respectively (SUA levels increased with increasing glycemic indices before the inflection points and then eventually decreased with further increases in the glycemic indices).@*Conclusion@#An inverted U-shaped association was observed between major glycemic indices and uric acid levels in both sexes, while the inflection points were reached earlier in men than in women.

Bayesian network-based analysis on the influence of interaction between genes and occupational stress on hypertension in oil workers / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of gene-gene and gene-occupational stress interaction on hypertension in oil workers by Bayesian network(BN) analysis. METHODS: A total of 1 233 oil workers from Xinjiang Karamay Oilfield Company were selected as research subjects by the typical sampling method. The blood pressure was measured. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to evaluate the single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) in α-adductin(ADD1) and β_2-adrenal receptor(β_2-AR) genes. The Effort-Reward Imbalance(ERI) Questionnaire was used to evaluate the ERI model occupational stress of oil workers. BN was used to analyze gene-gene and gene-occupational stress interactions. RESULTS: The detection rate of hypertension and ERI model occupational stress of these oil workers were 25.5%(315/1 233) and 47.4%(585/1 233) respectively. The AA, AG, and GG genotype and the frequency distribution of allele A and G at ADD1 rs17833172 were statistically different in these two groups(all P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in genotypes of GG, GT and TT at Gly460Trp rs4961(P>0.05); but the difference of the frequency of G and T alleles was statistically significant(P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in genotype distribution of AA, AG and GG, and frequency distribution of A and G in β_2-AR-1023 G/A rs2053044 and+252 G/A rs1042717(all P>0.05). After controlling the confounding factors including gender, education level, marital status, smoking, alcohol drinking and body mass index, the occupational stress group had a higher risk of hypertension than the no-occupational stress group(P<0.05, the odds ratio was 1.33, the 95% confidence interval was 1.01-1.74). The directed acyclic graph constructed by BN showed that the rs17833172 and Gly460Trp rs4961 sites of the ADD1 gene was directly associated with hypertension, and the β_2-AR+252 G/A rs1042717 site was indirectly associated with hypertension because of the ADD1 rs17833172 and Gly460Trp rs4961 sites. The interaction between occupational stress and ADD1 and β_2-AR was not associated with hypertension. CONCLUSION: The incidence of hypertension in oil field workers is correlated to occupational stress, and ADD1 gene rs17833172 and Gly460Trp rs4961 polymorphism. The gene-gene interaction between β_2-AR+252 G/A rs1042717 locus and ADD1 Gly460Trp rs4961 and rs17833172 locus is associated with hypertension, while the interaction between the four loci of ADD1 and β_2-AR and occupational stress has no effect on hypertension in the oil workers.

Effect of interaction between sleep and occupational stress on the prevalence of hypertension in petroleum workers / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of the interaction among occupational stress, sleep duration and sleep quality on the prevalence of hypertension in petroleum workers. METHODS: A total of 3 040 workers from six oil field bases in Karamay City were selected as study subjects by multi-stage random cluster sampling method. The Chinese version of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale and the revised version of Occupational Stress Scale were used to evaluate their sleep quality and occupational stress status. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the effect of interaction of occupational stress, sleep duration and sleep quality on hypertension. RESULTS: The prevalence of hypertension in the study subjects was 15.3%(466/3 040), and the detection rates of sleep deprivation, poor sleep quality and high occupational stress were 26.5%, 78.3% and 19.6% respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors such as gender, ethnicity, age, marital status, education level, length of service, professional title, shift work, smoking, alcohol consumption and body mass index, the interaction analysis results showed that the risk of hypertension was higher in the poor sleep quality groups with normal sleep duration, sleep deprivation or longer sleep duration than that in good sleep quality group with normal sleep duration(all P<0.05), respectively. The risk of hypertension was higher in the group with sleep deprivation and high occupational stress than that in the group with normal sleep duration and low occupational stress(P<0.01). In the group with poor sleep quality and high occupational stress the risk of hypertension was higher than that in the group with good sleep quality and low occupational stress(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The interaction among occupational stress, sleep duration and sleep quality may increase the risk of hypertension in petroleum workers.

Use of a compact high-definition two-dimensional exoscope in surgical treatment of large vestibular schwannoma / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Extra-corporeal video telescope operating monitor system provides a necessary instrument to perform high-precision neurosurgical procedures that could substitute or supplement the traditional surgical microscope. The present study was designed to evaluate a compact high-definition two-dimensional exoscope system for assisting in surgical removal of large vestibular schwannoma (VS), as an alternative to a binocular surgical microscope.@*METHODS@#Patients with Koos grade 3 and grade 4 VS undergoing surgery were enrolled in this prospective cohort study between January 2013 and June 2018. The demographics and tumor characteristics (size, Koos grade, composition [cystic or solid mass]) were matched between the two groups of patients. The following outcome measurements were compared between the two groups: duration of surgery, volume of blood loss, extent of tumor resection, number of operating field adjustments, pre- and post-operative facial and cochlear nerve function evaluated at 3 months post-surgery, complications and surgeons' comfortability.@*RESULTS@#A total of 81 patients received tumor resection through the retrosigmoid approach under either an exoscope (cases, n = 39) or a surgical microscope (control, n = 42). Patients in the two groups had comparable tumor location (P = 0.439), Koos grading (P = 0.867), and composition (P = 0.891). While no significant differences in the duration of surgery (P = 0.172), extent of tumor resection (P = 0.858), facial function (P = 0.838), and hearing ability (P = 1.000), patients operated on under an exoscope had less blood loss (P = 0.036) and a fewer field adjustments (P < 0.001). Both primary and assistant surgeons reported a high level of comfort operating under the exoscope (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The compact high-definition two-dimensional exoscope system provides a safe and efficient means to assist in removing large VSs, as compared to a surgical microscope. After the acquaintance with a visual perception through a dynamic hint and stereoscopically viewing corresponding to the motion parallax, the exoscope system provided a comfortable, high-resolution visualization without compromising operational efficiency and patient safety.

Population genetics of invasive Pomacea spp. in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the distribution and identify the genetic genetics of invasive Pomacea species in Xihu District, Hangzhou City, so as to understand the spread tendency of Pomacea species. Methods The specimens of Pomacea species were collected from five sites in water systems (lakes, rivers and wetlands) and its costal lands in Xihu District, Hangzhou City in 2017 for morphological identification. Total DNA was isolated from the foot tissues of adult snails for amplification of the COI gene, and haplotype diversity and nucleic acid diversity analyses were performed. In addition, a phylogenetic tree was created based on the haplotype captured from GenBank and those from this study to investigate the phylogenetic relationships. Results Pomacea specimens, which were preliminarily characterized as Pomacea, were found in ponds, rivers and wetlands in Xihu District of Hangzhou City. A total of 16 sequences were captured from the DNA samples of Pomacea specimens, which belonged to 3 haplotypes, including Hap1, Hap2 and Hap3. A high frequency was seen in Hap1 and Hap3, and a low frequency was found in Hap2. The Pomacea specimens collected from the 5 sites in Xihu Districts included P. canaliculata and P. maculate. The Pomacea specimens with a Hap1 had a close genetic relationship with the P. canaliculata from Argentina, Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China, and the Pomacea specimens with a Hap2 had a close genetic relationship with the P. canaliculata from Argentina, Japan and Guangzhou City of Guangdong Province, China, while the Pomacea specimens with a Hap2 had a close genetic relationship with the P. maculate from Argentina and Brazil. Conclusions P. canaliculata and P. maculata are present in Xihu District of Hangzhou City. P. maculata may spread to Xihu District through multiple introductions or water flow.

Mechanism of Chaihu Shugan Powder () for Treating Depression Based on Network Pharmacology / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the effective components of Chinese medicine (CM) contained in Chaihu Shugan Powder (, CSP) in the treatment of depressive disorders and to predict its anti-depressant mechanism by network pharmacology.@*METHODS@#Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity calculation method was used to screen the active components of CSP. Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacological Database Analysis Platform and text mining tool (GoPuMed database) were used to predict and screen the active ingredients of CSP and anti-depressive targets. Through Genetic Association Database, Therapeutic Target Database, and PharmGkb database targets for depression were obtained. Cytoscape3.2.1 software was used to establish a network map of the active ingredients-targets of CSP, and to analyze gene function and metabolic pathways through Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery and the Omicshare database.@*RESULTS@#The 121 active ingredients and 15 depression-related targets which were screened from the database can exert antidepressant effects by improving the neural plasticity, growth, transfer condition and gene expression of neuronal cell, and the raise of the expression of gap junction protein. The 15 targets passed 14 metabolic pathways, mainly involved in the regulation of neurotransmitters (5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine and epinephrine), inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels, calcium signaling pathway, cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling pathway and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and other signal channels to exert anti-depressant effects.@*CONCLUSION@#This article reveals the possible mechanism of CSP in the treatment of depression through network pharmacology research, and lays a foundation for further target studies.

Quantitative analysis of gene expression in Pomacea canaliculata infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis and α - tubulin gene expression in various tissues / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of some genes in Pomacea canaliculata infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis, so as to provide insight into the preliminary understanding of the interactions between Angiostrongylus cantonensis and its intermediate host Pomacea canaliculata. Methods P. canaliculata was fed with rat faces containing the first-stage larvae of A. cantonensis. Three to five P. canaliculata was sampled 1, 10 days and 20 days after feeding, and the hemolymph, hepatopancreas, kidney, intestinal tract, head-foot and gill tissues were collected, while uninfected P. canaliculata served as controls. Total RNA was extracted from various tissues of P. canaliculata at different time points post-infection, and transcribed reversely into cDNA. Based on previous transcriptome sequencing results, 10 genes associated with immune defense, signal transduction, cell growth and metabolism, stress response were selected, and the gene expression was determined in the hemolymph tissues of P. canaliculata 1, 10 days and 20 days post-infection with A. cantonensis using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR assay, and the α-tubulin gene expression was quantified in the hepatopancreas, kidney, head-foot, intestinal tract and gill tissues of P. canaliculata infected with A. cantonensis. Results Higher CELA1 gene expression was detected in the infection group than in the control group 1 (t = 12.32, P < 0.05), 10 days (t = 23.51, P < 0.05) and 20 days post-infection (t = 34.92, P < 0.05), and the CELA1 expression increased with the time of infection. The GST gene expression was (7.26 ± 1.80) times higher in the infection group than in the control group 1 day post-infection, and was significantly lower in the infection group than in the control group 10 days (t = 23.89, P < 0.05) and 20 days post-infection (t = 19.83, P < 0.05). Higher ferritin gene expression was found in the infection group than in the control group 10 days post-infection (t = 32.76, P < 0.05), and higher CRT gene expression was seen in the infection group than in the control group 1 (t = 7.23, P < 0.05), 10 days (t = 5.78, P < 0.05) and 20 days post-infection (t = 6.32, P < 0.05). In addition, the greatest α-tubulin gene expression was observed in the the hepatopancreatic tissues of P. canaliculata (F = 17.58, P < 0.05), and the α-tubulin gene expression altered in various tissues of P. canaliculata post-infection with A. cantonensis, with the most remarkable reduction of α - tubulin gene expression seen in the hepatopancreatic tissues (P < 0.05). Conclusions Following A. cantonensis infection in P. canaliculata, the expression of multiple genes is altered, and the expression of α-tubulin gene is inhibited in multiple tissues. The findings provide a basis for the further elucidation of the interactions between P. canaliculata and A. cantonensis.

Study on kdr allele mutation of Culex pipiens pallens in Zichuan District, Zibo City, Shandong Province / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To study the seasonal dynamics of Culex pipiens pallens and the distribution of knockdown resistance (kdr) gene related sodium channel gene polymorphism in Zichuan District, Zibo City, Shandong Province. Methods Cx. pipiens pallens mosquitoes were collected in Zichuan District during the peak period of mosquito vector activity from 2017 to 2018. The DNA from Cx. pipiens pallens was extracted, and the genotypes and frequencies of kdr allele mutation were detected by polymerase chain reaction. Results Totally 830 mosquitoes belonging to six species, including Cx. pipiens pallens, Armigeres subalbatus, Aedes albopictus, Ae. vexans, Anopheles sinensis, and Cx. tritaeniorhchus were collected in this study. The number of Cx. pipiens pallens accounted for 83.13% in total, with the density of 12.32 per lamp per night. The annual density monitoring curve of Cx. pipiens pallens showed a bimodal trend, and the peaks were observed in June and September respectively. In this study, five kdr alleles were detected at the 1 014 locus of kdr gene, with TTA (75.71%), TTT (10.00%), CTA (5.71%), TCA (4.29%), and TTC (4.29%). Two nonsynonymous nucleotide mutations were detected at site 1 014 of kdr gene, namely leucine (L1014) mutated to phenylalanine (L1014F) and serine (L1014S). The kdr gene mutation frequency (%) of Cx. pipiens pallens in Luochun Town and Taihe Town was 10.53% and 40.63%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 8.559, P = 0.003). Conclusions Cx. pipiens pallens is the dominant mosquito species in Zichuan District. In addition, two novel mutations, CTA and TTC, are identified in the voltage-dependent sodium channel gene of Cx. pipiens pallens. The kdr genotype of Cx. pipiens pallens in Zichuan area was polymorphic.

Study on kdr allele mutation of Culex pipiens pallens in Zichuan District, Zibo City, Shandong Province / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To study the seasonal dynamics of Culex pipiens pallens and the distribution of knockdown resistance (kdr) gene related sodium channel gene polymorphism in Zichuan District, Zibo City, Shandong Province. Methods Cx. pipiens pallens mosquitoes were collected in Zichuan District during the peak period of mosquito vector activity from 2017 to 2018. The DNA from Cx. pipiens pallens was extracted, and the genotypes and frequencies of kdr allele mutation were detected by polymerase chain reaction. Results Totally 830 mosquitoes belonging to six species, including Cx. pipiens pallens, Armigeres subalbatus, Aedes albopictus, Ae. vexans, Anopheles sinensis, and Cx. tritaeniorhchus were collected in this study. The number of Cx. pipiens pallens accounted for 83.13% in total, with the density of 12.32 per lamp per night. The annual density monitoring curve of Cx. pipiens pallens showed a bimodal trend, and the peaks were observed in June and September respectively. In this study, five kdr alleles were detected at the 1 014 locus of kdr gene, with TTA (75.71%), TTT (10.00%), CTA (5.71%), TCA (4.29%), and TTC (4.29%). Two nonsynonymous nucleotide mutations were detected at site 1 014 of kdr gene, namely leucine (L1014) mutated to phenylalanine (L1014F) and serine (L1014S). The kdr gene mutation frequency (%) of Cx. pipiens pallens in Luochun Town and Taihe Town was 10.53% and 40.63%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 8.559, P = 0.003). Conclusions Cx. pipiens pallens is the dominant mosquito species in Zichuan District. In addition, two novel mutations, CTA and TTC, are identified in the voltage-dependent sodium channel gene of Cx. pipiens pallens. The kdr genotype of Cx. pipiens pallens in Zichuan area was polymorphic.

Quantitative analysis of gene expression in Pomacea canaliculata infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis and α - tubulin gene expression in various tissues / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of some genes in Pomacea canaliculata infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis, so as to provide insight into the preliminary understanding of the interactions between Angiostrongylus cantonensis and its intermediate host Pomacea canaliculata. Methods P. canaliculata was fed with rat faces containing the first-stage larvae of A. cantonensis. Three to five P. canaliculata was sampled 1, 10 days and 20 days after feeding, and the hemolymph, hepatopancreas, kidney, intestinal tract, head-foot and gill tissues were collected, while uninfected P. canaliculata served as controls. Total RNA was extracted from various tissues of P. canaliculata at different time points post-infection, and transcribed reversely into cDNA. Based on previous transcriptome sequencing results, 10 genes associated with immune defense, signal transduction, cell growth and metabolism, stress response were selected, and the gene expression was determined in the hemolymph tissues of P. canaliculata 1, 10 days and 20 days post-infection with A. cantonensis using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR assay, and the α-tubulin gene expression was quantified in the hepatopancreas, kidney, head-foot, intestinal tract and gill tissues of P. canaliculata infected with A. cantonensis. Results Higher CELA1 gene expression was detected in the infection group than in the control group 1 (t = 12.32, P < 0.05), 10 days (t = 23.51, P < 0.05) and 20 days post-infection (t = 34.92, P < 0.05), and the CELA1 expression increased with the time of infection. The GST gene expression was (7.26 ± 1.80) times higher in the infection group than in the control group 1 day post-infection, and was significantly lower in the infection group than in the control group 10 days (t = 23.89, P < 0.05) and 20 days post-infection (t = 19.83, P < 0.05). Higher ferritin gene expression was found in the infection group than in the control group 10 days post-infection (t = 32.76, P < 0.05), and higher CRT gene expression was seen in the infection group than in the control group 1 (t = 7.23, P < 0.05), 10 days (t = 5.78, P < 0.05) and 20 days post-infection (t = 6.32, P < 0.05). In addition, the greatest α-tubulin gene expression was observed in the the hepatopancreatic tissues of P. canaliculata (F = 17.58, P < 0.05), and the α-tubulin gene expression altered in various tissues of P. canaliculata post-infection with A. cantonensis, with the most remarkable reduction of α - tubulin gene expression seen in the hepatopancreatic tissues (P < 0.05). Conclusions Following A. cantonensis infection in P. canaliculata, the expression of multiple genes is altered, and the expression of α-tubulin gene is inhibited in multiple tissues. The findings provide a basis for the further elucidation of the interactions between P. canaliculata and A. cantonensis.

Inhibitory effects of down-regulation of JNK enzymatic activity on growth of human prostate cancer cells, hepatocellular carcinoma cells and breast cancer cells / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To discuss the role for down-regulation of JNK enzymatic activity in the tumor treatments by interrupting JNK gene expression with JNK inhibitor SP600125 and JNK-siRNA encapsulated by lipid nanoparticles in vivo and in vitro. Methods: In vitro experiments, the experiment was divided into siRNA group and inhibitor SP600125 group. In siRNA group, JNK-siRNA and NC-siRNA were transfected into the human prostate cancer cells (PC cells), human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (SMMC-7721 cells) and human breast cancer cells (MCF cells), respectively. In inhibitor SP600125 group, SP600125 was delivered to human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The expression levels of JNK or p-JNK proteins in human prostate cancer cells, human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and human breast cancer cells after transfected with JNK-siRNA and inhibitor SP600125 were detected by Western blotting method. The cell viabilities of tumor cells in various groups were examined by WST-1 proliferation assay. In vivo experiments, the human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells were used to establish the subcutaneous hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft tumor models by subcutaneous injection. The eight mice were fed until the tumors were generated to 3 mm× 3 mm. They were randomly divided into inhibitor SP600125 group and negative control group, JNK-siRNA group and NC-siRNA control group. Each mouse in various groups was injected intratumorally with 5 nmol SP600125, negative control solution, lipid nanoparticles-mediated JNK-siRNA and NC-siRNA negative control. The volumes of tumors of the mice in various groups were observed. The expressions of JNK or p-JNK proteins in tumor tissue were examined by immunohistochemical staining. Results: In vitro experiments, compared with NC-siRNA control group, the expression level of JNK protein in human prostate cancer cells, human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and human breast cancer cells in JNK-siRNA group were decreased (P<0. 01); the expression level of p-JNK protein in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in inhibitor SP600125 group was significantly increased compared with its negative control group (P<0. 01). Invivo experiment, the human hepatocellular carcinoma cells were taken as an example, the volume of tumor of the mice in inhibitor SP600125 group was significantly reduced compared with negative control group, whereas the change of tumor volume in JNK-siRNAs group was not significant compared with NC-siRNA control group. The immunohistochemical staining results showed that compared with their negative control groups, the expression amount of p-JNK protein in tumor tissue of the mice in SP600125 group and the expression amount of JNK protein in tumor tissue of the mice in JNK-siRNA group were decreased (P< 0.01). Conclusion: Down-regulation of enzymatic activity of JNK can decrease the expression level of JNK gene and then inhibit the tumor growth both in vivo and in vitro.

Application of NASBA and RPA in detection of pathogenic bacteria / 中华流行病学杂志

Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification and recombinase polymerase amplification are the recently developed thermostatic amplification techniques based on PCR. This paper briefly summarizes the principle of reaction, design principle of primer and probe, advantage of these two techniques (simple, accurate, highly sensitive and rapid) and introduces the application of the techniques in the detection of pathogenic bacteria.

A developmental research on wild Dipsacus asper in Chongqing Wulong district / 中国中药杂志

In order to study the distribution and dynamics growth of wild Dipsacus asper resources in the Wulong district of Chongqing, 9 sample plots were selected for 12 consecutive months in the natural distribution area of the D. asper in Wulong district by using the sample line + plot survey method to conduct a field survey. The results showed that D.asper was distributed in forest edge wasteland or shrub-grassland, and growbetter with loose yellow-brownsoil or red soil, and poor with lithologic soil or impounded surface water.The growth curve of the plant height from June to July and the ground fresh weight from July to August showed a turning point, it might consume large amounts of nutrients during its flowering period, resulting in the restriction of vegetative growth.The highest temperature in the distribution area of D.asperoides in Wulong district is less than 30 °C, the minimum temperature is about 0 °C, and the rainfall is 1 241-1 392 mm. Its growth environment is no severecold in winter, no heat in summer, and abundant rainfall.The main growth stage of D.asper is from July to October, and the range of root dry rate was 0.162 5-0.239 7 in Xiangkou, 0.154 9-0.223 6 in Baima Mountain, and 0.143 7-0.203 3 Xiannv Mountain. The vegetative growth and dry matter accumulation synchronized in the main growth stage, and the accumulation rate of dry matter was faster than that of vegetative growth. The correlation analysis between indicators and root fresh weight showed that the fresh weight of the aerial part and root fresh weight had the best correlation.

Effects of hypoxia exposure for different time on structure and function of red blood cells in rats / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the effects of hypoxia exposure on the structure and function of erythrocytes in rats at different time.METHODS:Male SD rats(n=40)were randomly divided into 5 groups,normal control group,1-week hypoxia group ,2-week hypoxia group ,3-week hypoxia group and 4-week hypoxia group ,with 8 rats per group.The rats in hypoxia groups were placed in the simulated 5800 m of high altitude in a hypobaric chamber for different time.The values of detected blood ,erythrocyte deformation index ,erythrocyte osmotic fragility ,erythrocyte oxygen dissociation ,e-rythrocyte apoptosis and bone marrow biopsy were determined.RESULTS:Compared with normal control group ,the red blood cell count ,hemoglobin content ,mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin significantly increased(P<0.01).Eversion rate of phosphatidylserine of erythrocytes increased.Oxygen half-saturation of hemoglobin increased(P<0.05).Bone marrow erythroid proliferation increased.The erythrocyte deformation index and erythrocyte osmotic fra-gility decreased significantly(P<0.01).In addition,oxygen dissociation curves shifted to the right.CONCLUSION:In the early stage of hypoxia ,compared with normal control group ,the changes of erythrocyte structure and function increase the oxygen supply to the tissue and are conducive to adapting to the plateau.However ,with the extension of hypoxia ,ex-cessive erythrocytosis results in thrombosis ,microcirculation disturbance and aggravating tissue hypoxia.

Discoursing on Soxhlet extraction of ginseng using association analysis and scanning electron microscopy / 药物分析学报

Soxhlet extraction is a common method of sample preparation. However, there has been no discussion about the efficiency of Soxhlet extraction from different batches and the factors that cause content fluctuation. In this study, Panax ginseng was selected as a model sample. Soxhlet extraction by means of a water bath, which has always been neglected, was identified as a novel key factor in the poor repeat-ability in different batches of Soxhlet extraction, as it can affect the siphon times and reflux time, which have been positively correlated with the ginsenoside contents. By substituting round bottom flasks in the same column, the relative standard deviation of the most fluctuated compound, ginsenoside Rb1, was decreased from 24.6% to 5.02%. Scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed that the breakdown of the surface of the ginseng powder in the Soxhlet extraction led to a better dissolution of ginsenosides, indicating that chloroform may promote the extraction of ginsenosides by disrupting the cell structure. Moreover, 70% methanol was regarded as the better solvent for extracting the ginsenosides. Overall, this work offers a practical and effective protocol for improving the accuracy and repeatability of Soxhlet extraction methodology for ginsenosides and other analytes.

Analysis on ecological factors and active components content of wild Dipsacus asper in Chongqing Wulong district / 中国中药杂志

An HPLC method was developed for the determination of iridoid glycosides (loganin acid, loganin, sweroside) and saponins (asperosaponin Ⅵ) in the wild Dipsacus asper. A total of 108 samples consecutive growing 12 month were collected in 9 plots in Wulong district of Chongqing. Subsequent analysis of the content of loganin acid, loganin, sweroside and asperosaponin Ⅵ was performed by HPLC to evaluate the quality. In addition, 20 climate data provided by the world climate database (http://www.worldclim.org/) was analyzed to deduce the correlation between the growing environment factors and the active ingredient content accumulation of D. asperoides and choose the apposite growing environment for D. asper. The range of active ingredient content in wild D. asper were 0.01%-3.80%(loganin acid), 0.08%-0.62%(loganin), 0.12%-0.78%(sweroside), 0.64%-5.26%(asperosaponin Ⅵ). The highest content of these active ingredients was concentrated from February to April, with 2.64% of loganin acid, 0.36% of loganin), 0.57% of sweroside, and 3.09% of asperosaponin Ⅵ. The method used for determination of the active ingredient content in D. asper was simple and convenient with accurate result. The selection of the quadrats is scientific and reasonable and can be used for the analysis of the contents of the wild D. asper, thus provide a reference for quality evaluation of D. asper and protection of D. asper resources.

Causes and clinical characteristics of oculomotor nerve palsy / 第二军医大学学报

Oculomotor nerve plays an important role in regulating the function of eyeball by controlling levator palpebrae superioris muscle, superior rectus muscle, inferior rectus muscle, medial rectus muscle, inferior oblique muscle, sphincter pupillae muscle and ciliary muscle. Oculomotor nerve palsy is a common clinical symptom characterized by diplopia, ptosis, ophthalmoplegia or pupillary dysfunction. The etiologies of oculomotor nerve palsy are complicated, including intracranial aneurysm, cerebral infarction and hemorrhage, diabetes, intracranial inflammation, craniocerebral trauma, congenital disease and so on. Palsy caused by different etiologies has corresponding clinical features. In this review, we summarized the common causes of oculomotor nerve palsy-and their corresponding pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, signs, treatments and prognosis, hoping to provide help for rapid identification of etiology and effective treatment of the oculomotor nerve palsy.

Determination of heavy metal elements in Chuanmingshen violaceum by ICP-MS / 中草药

Objective: To quantify the contents of heavy metal elements in the roots of Chuanmingshen violaceum (Chuanmingshinis Violacei Radix, and Chuanmingshen) and to evaluate its safety. Methods: An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (ICP-MS) method was developed to quantify six heavy metal elements, i.e. lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), and chromium (Cr) in Chuanmingshinis Violacei Radix. A total of 33 Chuanmingshinis Violacei Radix samples were collected from eight counties/districts in Sichuan province of China, processed and then quantified for the contents of these elements. Moreover, the eight counties/districts were divided into four cultivation areas of Chuanmingshinis Violacei Radix based on the geographical location and ecological environment. The differences of heavy metals were compared by statistical analysis. Results: The total content of each element in the 33 samples of Chuanmingshinis Violacei Radix were Pb ≤ 0.256 μg/g, Cd ≤ 0.235 μg/g, Hg ≤ 0.123 μg/g, Cu ≤ 3.963 μg/g, and Cr ≤ 2.145 μg/g; As below the detection limit, the findings were in line with the "Green Trade Standards of Importing and Exporting Medicinal Plants and Preparations" in China. Comparing the amount of heavy metal elements in the samples of Chuanmingshinis Violacei Radix, it was found that the contents of the six heavy metal elements were varied among the four cultivation areas. Except for the difference of Pb content which was significant between the two cultivation areas (P < 0.05), other heavy metal elements in these samples among the four cultivation areas were not significantly different. Conclusion: The developed ICP-MS method is suitable to accurately quantify the content of heavy metal elements in the samplesof Chuanmingshinis Violacei Radix. On the basis of the level of heavy metal elements, Chuanmingshinis Violacei Radix is considered safe and the current cultivation areas are suitable for the cultivation of C. violaceum.

Synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity of ursolic acid derivative-chalcone conjugates / 药学学报

A series of novel conjugates with ursolic acid core and different chalcone ligands were synthesized via ursolic acid, 4-hydroxyacetophenone and aromatic aldehydes. All of the conjugates were confirmed by the application of IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HR-MS. The anti-inflammatory effect was observed for the target compounds in xylene-induced mouse ear edema and carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. The preliminary bioassay test demonstrated that these compounds had potent anti-inflammatory activities, and their activities were better than that of the parent ursolic acid. Among them, 1-en-3-oxoursolic acid-chalcone conjugates (6a-6g) exhibited higher activities than analogues 5a-5g and 7a-7g.