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ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Huanglian Ejiaotang in intervening in insomnia based on 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT） system and gut microbiota. MethodFifty-five SPF-grade SD rats were randomly divided into normal group， model group， low-， medium-， and high-dose Huanglian Ejiaotang groups （1.925， 3.85， and 7.7 g·kg-1）， and Estazolam group （0.1 mg·kg-1）. Except for those in the normal group， the rats in the other five groups were subjected to sleep deprivation on a narrow platform for 12 hours daily for 21 consecutive days. After 14 days of drug intervention， the sleep， exploratory behavior， and depressive-like behavior of the rats were assessed using the pentobarbital sodium sleep synergistic test， the open field test， and the sugar preference test， respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the levels of 5-HT， 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid （5-HIAA）， tryptophan hydroxylase （TPH）， and monoamine oxidase-A （MAO-A）. Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to measure the mRNA expression of the 5-HT1A receptor （5-HT1AR） and 5-HT2A receptor （5-HT2AR）. Differences in gut microbiota among the groups were assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing， and the correlation between the 5-HT system and microbiota was revealed using redundancy analysis. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed a prolonged sleep latency （P<0.05）， reduced sleep maintenance （P<0.01）， decreased central area activity time in the open field （P<0.01）， and reduced sugar preference rate （P<0.05）. Moreover， the model group also showed decreased levels of 5-HT， 5-HIAA， TPH， and MAO-A （P<0.01）， decreased 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio （P<0.01）， downregulated mRNA expression of 5-HT1AR （P<0.01）， and upregulated mRNA expression of 5-HT2AR （P<0.05）. The proportion of Firmicutes decreased， while that of Bacteroidetes increased， leading to a decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes （F/B） ratio （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the high-dose Huanglian Ejiaotang group exhibited a shortened sleep latency （P<0.01）， and increased sleep maintenance （P<0.01）. The low-dose Huanglian Ejiaotang group showed increased central area activity time （P<0.01） and an increased sugar preference rate （P<0.05）. The high-dose Huanglian Ejiaotang group exhibited increased levels of 5-HT， 5-HIAA， TPH， and MAO-A （P<0.01）， increased 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio （P<0.05）， upregulated mRNA expression of 5-HT1AR （P<0.01）， and downregulated mRNA expression of 5-HT2AR （P<0.05）. The low-dose Huanglian Ejiaotang group displayed an increased proportion of Firmicutes and a decreased proportion of Bacteroidetes， resulting in an increased F/B ratio. At the phylum level， 5-HT， 5-HIAA， and MAO-A were positively correlated with Firmicutes and negatively correlated with Bacteroidetes. At the genus level， 5-HT， 5-HIAA， TPH， and MAO-A were negatively correlated with Prevotella and Lactobacillus and positively correlated with Blautia and Bacteroides. ConclusionHuanglian Ejiaotang can improve sleep deprivation-induced insomnia and depressive-like behavior by regulating the activity of the 5-HT system and the composition of gut microbiota.
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Objective:To explore the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) combined with umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on motor function recovery in rats with spinal cord injury.Methods:The mesenchymal stem cells were irradiated with a laser energy density of 1.5, 3, 6 and 12 J/cm 2. The optimal energy density was screened by the MTT method on the 3rd day. Before cell transplantation, 32 male SD rats were randomly divided into the spinal cord injury group, which was injected with normal saline without cells; the stem cell transplantation group, which was injected with stem cells in the injury model; the laser irradiation group, which was injected with cell-free saline and laser irradiation; and the combined treatment group, which was treated with cell transplantation and laser irradiation. BBB score and inclined plate test were performed on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th and 21st day, and hematoxylin-eosin staining and Nissl staining were performed on the 21st day. Results:The laser irradiation with an energy density of 12 J/cm 2 can accelerate cell proliferation ( P<0.05). After the modeling, the BBB score of the combined treatment group was higher than that of the other groups (all P<0.05), and the motor function recovered significantly. In the inclined plate experiment, the performance of the combined treatment group and the laser irradiation group was also better than that of other groups. The results of hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the cavity area in the combined treatment group was significantly reduced, and the inflammatory reaction was the lightest. The staining of Nissl bodies became deeper, and the spinal cord injury was significantly reduced. Conclusions:PBM can promote the recovery of motor function in rats with spinal cord injury after the transplantation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, and has an obvious therapeutic effect on spinal cord injury in rats. This study provides a basis for the treatment of spinal cord injury.
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Objective:To compare the clinical effects between Dynesys dynamic stabilization with microendoscopic discectomy (MED) and posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) treatment for the degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis in the elder, and to evaluate clinical advantages of Dynesys with MED according to enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS).Methods:All of 79 cases (male 31, female 48) who suffered from the degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis were include mean age 67.32±5.88 years (from 60 to 81 years) during January 2012 to December 2017. Thirty-nine patients received Dynesys dynamic stabilization with MED (Dynesys group) and 40 cases undergone PLIF (fusion group). The operative time, blood loss, drainage, length of hospital stay, and complications were compared between the two groups. The visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI) were used to assess efficacy. The range of motion (ROM) of the lumbar spine and the adjacent segment by dynamic radiographs between two groups were reviewed to evaluate radiological results.Results:The fusion group was larger than Dynesys group in operation time (271.00±57.19 min vs. 193.85±32.17 min), blood loss (458.25±136.85 ml vs. 316.41±87.64 ml), drainage (143.12±47.46 ml vs. 101.67±31.23 ml) and length of hospital stay (15.70±3.01 d vs. 13.38±2.72 d) with statistics differences ( P<0.05). There was a significant difference in VAS and ODI between the two groups at the final follow-up, and Dynesys group was superior to the fusion group (VAS: 1.51±1.21 vs. 2.40±1.48, t=2.910, P=0.005; ODI: 11.90%±6.15% vs. 17.73%±6.85%, t=3.974, P<0.001). The lumbar ROM of Dynesys group increased comparing with the fusion group at post-operation one year (19.21°±6.08° vs. 14.08°±5.80°, t=0.425, P<0.001) and final follow-up (20.56°±6.37° vs. 16.33°±6.94°, t=2.828, P=0.006). ROM of the adjacent segment increased in fusion group at final follow-up (7.45°±2.45°) compared to pre-operation (4.68°±1.98°) and post-operation one year (4.83±1.43°) with significant difference ( F=24.437, P<0.001). The rate of epidural damage, delayed union, surface infection, internal fixation loose, thrombus, pulmonary infection, bedsore, reoperation of the fusion group were all higher than Dynesys group. Conclusion:The Dynesys with MED demonstrated better clinical and radiological results than fusion for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. As a method of safety and efficiency, the Dynesys and MED can speed up postoperative recovery of elderly patients in line with ERAS.
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Obesity has become a global epidemic and is accompanied by a tremendously rising prevalence of its associated comorbidities.Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective approach to treat obesity and metabolic disturbances compared to traditional interventions.The present review focuses on the potential mechanisms of gut microbiota mediating the improvement in body weight and metabolism after bariatric surgery,including the change of bile acids,short-chain fatty acids,amino acids,lipopolysaccharides,trimetlylamine oxide as well as neurotransmitters.
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Objective To investigate the expression of monocyte subsets and their chemokine,i.e.,monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) and fractalkine (FKN),in patients with acute coronary svndrome (ACS),and to analyze their correlation.Methods Patients with the syndrome of pectoralgia and to be inspected with coronary angiography (CAG) in our hospital from Sep.to Dec.,2016 were included.Patients' venous blood was collected on the operation day before operation,the level and proportion of monocyte (Mon) subsets,which was namely CD14 + CD16-Mon (Mon1),CD14+CD16 + Mon (Mon2) and CD14-CD16 + Mon (Mon3) according to the expression of cluster differentiation-14 (CD14) and CD16,were detected by flow cytometry (FCM).Patients' venous blood was collected on the operation day before operation and one day after operation,the concentrations of MCP-1 and FKN in plasma were measured by ELISA.We compared the expression levels of MCP-1-Mon1 and FKN-Mon3,and analyzed their relationship between each other respectively in different groups.Results Diagnosed according to the clinical symptoms,myocardial markers,electrocardiogram and CAG results,70 individuals were analyzed,including 30 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI group),25 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP group) and 15 patients with the chest pain symptoms and normal CAG results (control group).The percentage of Mon1 in the AMI group was higher than that in the other groups (P＜0.05);no difference was observed for Mon3 among the groups (P＞0.05).The Mon3/Mon1 ratio in the AMI group was lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05).Moreover,the levels of FKN and MCP-1 in the ACS group were greater than those in the control group.The level of red blood cell distribution width (RDW) was significantly increased in the AMI and UAP group than that in the control group (P＜0.05).There was a significant correlation between FKN and Mon3 (P＜0.05,R=0.650 2).Conclusions The monocyte subset of Mon1 and Mon3 increased in the early stage of ACS,with their chemokine (FKN and MCP-1) increasing at the same time.There is a significant correlation between FKN and Mon3,which indicates MCP-1-Mon1 and FKN-Mon3 may participate in the pathophysiological process of early ACS in patients.
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Objective To investigate the feasibility of computer-aided pancreas segmentation based on three-dimensional (3D) Dixon MRI at 3.0-T.Methods Five volunteers with health pancreas underwent upper abdominal 3D Dixon MRI at 3.0T with the same scan parameters while holding breath.The automatic segmentation of pancreas is based on the Medical Imaging Interaction ToolKit (MITK) with homemade software.A experienced radiologist performed manual segmentation and computer aided segmentation of the pancreas on the opposed phase and water phase images twice.Similarity was analyzed and compared for the manual and automated segmentations for the two group images.Similarity was presented as Dice coefficients.Results Both of the oppose phase and water phase images of Dixon MRI showed that the signal intensity of pancreas was higher than that of the surrounding tissue,the similarity of water phase was obviously higher than that of oppose phase and the differences were statistically significant.Based on Dixon MRI water phase and oppose phase images,the mean dice coefficients for the manual segmentations were 0.81 ± 0.01 and 0.85 ±0.03,respectively,for both the oppose phase and water phase images (P=0.013).For the automated segmentations,the dice coefficients were 0.69 ± 0.08 and 0.75 ± 0.03 for water phase images and the oppose images,respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant (P =0.155).Conclusions 3.0T oppose phase and water phase of Dixon images could clearly show the pancreas,and automated pancreas segmentation based on water phase Dixon MRI obtained higher similarity,which was feasible.
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Objective To analyze the reasons and imaging features of acute urinary tract obstruction and perinephritis and to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of CT and MR in this kind of patients.Methods Imaging features of 72 patients with acute urinary tract obstruction were analyzed.The advantages of CT and MR were evaluated in diagnosis of the diseases.Results In all 70 patients (72 sites)with ureteral calculus,the accurate rates of diagnosis were 100% on CT and 59.7% on MR.In the 72 patients with perinephritis,the detection rate of effusion in perinephric soft tissue on MR was better than that on CT.Conclusion CT or MR has individually diagnostic advantage in acute urinary tract obstruction and perinephritis,CT is better in ureteral calculus and MR in perinephritis.
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Objective To investigate the pathogenic bacteria types and distribution characteristics of critical patients with lower respiratory tract infection in neurosurgery department,and to analyze the high risk fac?tors of lower respiratory tract infections. Methods A retrospective analysis of 80 cases of critical patients with lower respiratory tract infection in neurosurgery department of General Hospital of People Liberation Army from April 2013 to April 2014 was carried out. The pathogenic bacteria types and distribution characteristics of lower respiratory tract infection were analyzed by means of bacterial identification,and single factor and multi factor Lo?gistic regression analysis was carried out to analyze the related factors of lower respiratory tract infection.Results One hundred and thirty?four strains of pathogenic bacteria were cultured from sputum of 80 cases of patients. Among which the gram negative bacteria were 109 strains,accounting for 81.34%(109/134),while the Gram positive bacteria were 17 strains,accounting for 12.69%(17/134) and the fungi were 2 strains,accounting for 1.49%(2/134).The proportion of three kinds of pathogenic bacteria had statistical significance(P=0.004, 0.001). The single factor Logistic regression analysis showed that,younger age,use of ventilator,use of antimi?crobial drugs and pulmonary infection rate were protective factors of lung infection(OR(95%CI)=0.586(0.475-0.722),0.708(0.574-0.873),0.827(0.697-0.981);P=0.043,0.007,0.000);disturbance of consciousness, tracheotomy,insert gastric tube, surgery and pulmonary infection incidence were risk factors for lung infection (OR(95%CI)=4.769(1.069-21.276),11.612(5.438-24.792),22.989(19.385-27.263),10.426(8.789-12.361);P=0.001,0.008,0.005,0.002).The multi factor Logistic regression analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between the trachea incision, the consciousness and the lower respiratory tract infection (OR(95%CI)=4.627(2.143-20.645),10.412(2.334-46.455);P=0.009,0.002).Conclusion Patients with conscious disturbance and tracheotomy were more likely to have lower respiratory tract infections. The pathogens of lower respiratory tract infections are Gram?negative bacteria,and the majority of pathogens are high resistance, and it is multi drug resistance.
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OBJECTIVE@#To determine the hepatoprotective effect of silymarin with Chang cell cultures. Specifically, to investigate the antioxidant properties of silymarin and its protective function in reducing pro-apoptotic markers.@*METHODS@#Intracellular free radical levels were assessed with dichlorofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence after exposing cells to an oxidative stress of 400 μmol/L H2O2 for 20 min. Levels of cellular ATP and bax expression were examined to evaluate the protective effects of silymarin.@*RESULTS@#Silymarin significantly reduced the DCF fluorescence signal. Cell viability, assessed by the MTT assay, showed that silymarin enhanced the cell growth. Drug treatment was also associated with enhanced ATP levels, and reduced Bax and protein mRNA levels.@*CONCLUSION@#Silymarin can function as a hepatoprotectant against free radical damage due to oxidative stress. The protective nature extends to reducing levels of pro-apoptotic Bax protein. Silymarin may be a useful adjuvant for the treatment of specific liver diseases.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adenosine Triphosphate , Metabolism , Antioxidants , Pharmacology , Apoptosis , Cell Line , Fluoresceins , Free Radicals , Metabolism , Hepatocytes , Cell Biology , Metabolism , Hydrogen Peroxide , Protective Agents , Pharmacology , RNA, Messenger , Genetics , Metabolism , Silymarin , Pharmacology , bcl-2-Associated X Protein , Genetics , MetabolismABSTRACT
Objective To study ECG characteristics of 49 cases of the AMI in the perioperation period and its prognstic significance.Methods 49 cases of AMI in perioperation peried (group Ⅰ) and 60 cases of AMI patients (group Ⅱ),who was conservative treatment were studied by analyses of various parameters.Results ECG characteristics of the perioperation period in PTF negative value increment and ?ST segment elevation amplitudes and Q wave derivation and QTc prolong were clearly seen,respectively(P