ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the effect evaluation of modified TT enrichment broth in the separation of intestinal pathogenic Salmonella and Shigella bacteria .Methods The routine inoculation of Macconkey agar and SS agar were adopted ,meanwhile two different methods for adding the modified TT enrichment broth(sodium thiosulfate and calcium carbonate) were used to screen Sal‐monella and Shigella bacteria .Serum coagulation was performed by referring to the bacterial isolation situation over the years .The SPSS 18 .0 software was adopted to process the data .Then the difference in the separation rate of Salmonella and Shigella bacteria between the two different stool culture methods was compared .Results Totally 790 stool culture samples during 2013-2015 were included into the statistical analysis ,30 cases of Salmonella bacteria were isolated by adopting the routine method ,the positive rate was 3 .80% ;5 cases were Shigella bacteria ,the positive rate was 0 .63% ;but 77 cases of Salmonella bacteria were isolated by adop‐ting the modified TT enrichment broth method ,the positive rate was 9 .75% ,7 cases were Shigella bacteria ,the positive rate was 0 .89% ;the detection rate of Salmonella bacteria by adopting the modified TT enrichment broth method was 2 .57 times of the con‐ventional culture method ,which of Shigella bacteria was 1 .41 times ,showing that the difference of Salmonella and Shigella bacteria isolation between the two different methods had statistical significance(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The modified TT enrichment broth can significantly improve the positive isolation rate of Salmonella and Shigella stool culture ,which provides larger help for clinical doctor′s correct diagnosis and treatment of patients .
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Objective To study the distribution of clinically separated Hemophilus (H .) influenzae and its drug resistance situa‐tion .Methods Among 2 663 specimens of screening qualified and positive culture collected from the outpatients ,inpatients and e‐mergency patients of our hospital from January to December 2014 ,including 1 895 specimens of lower respiratory tract ,666 blood specimens and 102 urinary secretion specimens ,438 strains of H .influenzae were isolated .The cephalosporin nitro thiophene paper test strip was used to test its beta lactamase and the K‐B method was used to detect its sensitivity to 8 kinds of antibacterial drugs . The testing data were statistically analyzed by using WHONET 5 .6 software .Results Among 438 strains of H .influenzae ,98 .6%was originated from hospitalized patients ,1 .4% from the outpatient department ;176 isolated strains were originated from children , accounting for 40 .18% ;194 strains (44 .29% ) were from elderly patients ,434 strains(99 .09% ) were originated from the lower re‐spiratory tract specimens .The resistance rate to compound sulfamethoxazole was highest and reached 82 .90% ,which to ampicillin and tetracycline were 29 .00% and 43 .40% respectively ;but which to cefuroxime ,ceftriaxone ,ciprofloxacin ,azithromycin ,imipenem were below 2 .00% .The β‐lactamase positive rate was 43 .40% ,in ampicillin resistant strains ,1 .57% of strain was negative in β‐lac‐tamase test .The resistance to ampicillin and enzyme production rate had no significant differences between the children isolated strains and adult isolated strains (42 .43% ,42 .40% vs .44 .00% ,44 .00% ) .Conclusion H .influenzae is mainly isolated from low ‐er respiratory tract specimens ;which is dominated by children and elderly patients ;the second and third generations of cephalospo‐rins and azithromycin can serve as a clinical preferred drugs ;β‐lactamase is the primary mechanism of resistance to ampicillin .
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Objective To investigate the feasibility of the gene chip technique and multiplex PCR technique for detecting and screening foodborne pathogens .Methods The primer sequences were designed to target cells ,the biotin was adopted to label the re‐verse primer 5′end and the amino group was adopted to label oligonucleotide probe 5′end .The probe spotted on a solid support for preparing microarray ,PCR product was hybridized with microarray probe region ,PCR and hybridization reaction system was opti‐mized .Results The microarray technique could simultaneously detect multiple pathogens of Shigella ,Salmonella ,Klebsiella pneu‐moniae ,Brucella ,Proteus mirabilis ,Staphylococcus aureus ,Campylobacter jejuni ,etc .,which was easy to operate and had strong specificity .The sensitivity of bacterial pure cultures was 5 .0 × 102 CFU/mL ,the sensitivity of DNA detection was 0 .1 pg ,the coin‐cidence rate for detecting isolated bacteria was 100 % .The PCR detection system was established and optimized by using primers , the concentration of Mg2+ and the annealing temperature Tm value of 1 .5 mmol/L and 56 ℃ were determined ,the detection sensi‐tivity reached to 10 pg ,all the specific primers amplified bands could be amplified under this sensitivity .Conclusion The gene chip technique and multiplex PCR technique can effectively detect foodborne pathogens ,which provide a new idea for detecting pathogens with the high‐throughput screening and are worth popularization and application in the field of food safety .
ABSTRACT
To investigate the prevalence of mental health problems in male violent offenders of Hunan and Sichuan Provinces; and to compare the types and severity of problems between the violent and nonviolent offenders.Methods:Ninety-one violent juvenile offenders and 64 nonviolent juvenile offenders in the juvenile detention centers of Hunan,and 81 violent juvenile offenders in the juvenile detention centers of Sichuan; 39 high school students from a middle school of Hunan Province and 49 from a middle school of Sichuan Province were investigated using the Investigation Screening Inventory for Child Mental Disorder and the Kiddy Schedule for Affective Diseases and Schizophrenia (K-SADS-PL),and classified according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.Results:In the Hunan violent group,86.6％ met the criterion of conduct disorder (CD),17.6％ of substance abuse,9.9％ of substance dependence,while in the Hunan nonviolent group,75.0％ met the criterion of CD,and 11.7％ of substance abuse; these were all significantly higher than those of the control group (P＜0.05).In the Sichuan violent group,17.3％ met the criterion of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),18.5％ of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD),69.1％of CD,and 22.2％ of substance abuse; these were all significantly higher than those of the Sichuan control group.Moreover,63.7％ of Hunan-violent,55.6％ of Sichuan-violent,and 45.0％ of Hunannonviolent offenders had a previous offence records.Conclusion:Mental and behavioral disorders among delinquent youth is becoming a serious problem,and there is an urgent need to develop and implement effective assessment and treatment approaches for juvenile offenders with the aim of reducing offence and recidivism in this population.