Prevalence of dry socket related to gender and site

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of dry socket in association with gender, site and age. This study includes hundred consecutive patients with dry socket coming to the OPD at Oral Surgery Department, Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar. A comprehensive proforma was formu-lated and filled for comparison of gender, age and site in relation to dry socket. The results of this comparative study were analyzed through chi-square test. Females were 2.37 times more prone to dry socket as compared to males. Whereas, dry socket was found 2.94 times more common in mandibular extractions as compared to maxillary. It was less common in young age group [18%] as compared to older patients [67%]

Hazards of pressure pack

The purpose of this study was to find out how the patients disposed off the pressure packs placed on the socket after tooth extraction. The study was conducted on 260 patients who had undergone dental extraction from November 2010 to April 2011. Pressure packs were placed on the socket to stop post operative bleeding. Every study patient was asked where he/she threw his/her pack after use and whether he/she touched it for adjustment before it was finally discarded. 42.3% of the patients threw the packs on the road, and 19.2% did this within the hospitals area, like corridors and toilets. Majority of patients admitted that they touched the pack for adjustment before it was finally discarded. The risk of spread of infection is increased by first touching the blood contaminated pack and then touching the doors, chairs, and tables in the waiting areas. Patients must be informed and educated about the proper handling of the packs to minimize the chances of cross infection

Prophylactic use of antibiotics to prevent flare-up in endodontic treatment

The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of giving antibiotics during root canal treatment to reduce pain. Sixty patients with asymptomatic necrotic teeth were included in the study, which was carried out at the Department of Operative Dentistry, Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi and was spread over one year. Two groups, A and B, were formed. Thirty patients in group A were given prophylactic antibiotics. Patients in group B formed the study group. Postoperative flare-up pain recorded at 4, 12, 24 and 48 hours was not statistically significant between the two groups. It was concluded that there was no statistical significance of giving prophylactic antibiotics to prevent inter-appointment flare-up. The risk of inappropriate use of antibiotics and widespread antibiotic resistance appear to be far more important than any possible perceived benefits

Characteristics and etiology of zygomatic complex fractures

This study aims to determine Etiology and Characteristics of Zygomatic complex fracture [ZMC]. Forty patients of zygomatic bone fracture were evaluated by history, clinical and radiological examination. The most common cause of ZMC fractures was road traffic accident [RTA] 52.5%[n=21], followed by fall 17.5% [n=7], fire arm injury [FAI] 15%[n=6], interpersonal violence [IPV] 7.5%[n=3], occupational trauma and sport injuries 5%[n=2] and 2.5%[n=1] respectively. The most common characteristic of ZMC fractures recorded in this study was flattening of cheek, 92.5%[n=37] and subconjunctival hemorrhage 92.5%[n=37] respectively, followed by abnormal nerve sensibility 90%[n=36],periorbital ecchymosis 87.5%[n=35], epistaxis 55% [n= 18], limited mouth opening 50% [n=20] and diplopia 27.5% [n=11]. The most common characteristic of ZMC fractures was flattening of cheek and subconjunctival hemorrhage, because the zygomatic complex bone is very prominent and easily expose to traumatic forces and subconjuctival hemorrhage can easily occurs even if there is a minor tear of periosteum. The most common cause of ZMC fractures was RTA because of bad road conditions, poor road traffic sense in road users plus seat belt legislation was not enforced in this part of the world

Effect of dexamethason, ibuprofen combination on post operative sequle of third molar surgery

Mandibular third molar is most commonly impacted tooth in dental arch. Removal of'mandibular third molar is common surgical procedure in oral surgery. The surgical removal of impacted third molar is not without morbidity, post operative pain, swelling and trismus are universal 64 patient with bilateral mandibular impaction were included in this study, two surgical procedure were carried on each patient at four week appointments. One group is taken as study group, in which 8mg dexamethasoji lira was given one hour before surgery followed by GOOmg ibuprofen orally for five days. The other group was taken as control group and distilled water was given one hour before surgery intramuscularly followed by GOOmg ibuprofen orally for five days. The effects of drugs on patients were noted 31.2% [n=20] patients reported mild pain, 56.6% [n=35] moderate and 14.4% [n-9] reported sever pain. 14.4% [n-9] reported mild swelling, 64% [n=41] moderate and 21.8% [n=14] reported sever swelling. 23.4% [n=-15] reported mild trismus ,51.5% [n=33] moderate and 25% [n-16] reported sever trismus in control group. While in study group 64% [n-41] reported mild pain 32.8% [n-21] moderate and 3.1% [n-2] reported sever pain. 46.8% [n=30] reported mild swelling, 43.7% [n-28] moderate, and 9.3% [n=6] reported sever swelling. 54.6% [n=35] reported mild trismus, 43.7% [n-28] moderate and 1.5% [n=l] reported sever trismus on third post operative day in both groups. Dexamethason and ibuprofen combination was found effective for early recovery and the patients who used this combination suffered less pain, swelling and trismus after third molar surgery

Retrospective analysis of 268 cases of fractures of mandible

The purpose of the study was to determine the causes of fractures of mandible, age groups and gender involvement in North West Frontier Province of Pakistan. This study was conducted at Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar University Campus from 1[st] January to 31[st] December 2002. 268 patients with mandibular fractures were recorded in this study. The patients age range was from 2 to 70 years

Out of 268 cases of mandibular fractures, 118 patients [44%] were the result of road traffic accidents. Interpersonal violence was responsible for 67 cases [25%] while 43 cases [16%] were due to fall. 35 patients [13%] were found due to gun shot injuries and 5 cases [2%] were due to other injuries.213 patients [79.4%] were male, thus male to female ratio was 3.87:1

Myofacial pain dysfunction syndrome [MPDS] in N.W.F.P - a study conducted on 100 patients

The present study was conducted at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar, Pakistan. One hundred patients were selected. The patients were referred to this department from various parts of NWFP. A comprehensive history of each patient was taken and thorough clinical examination was carried out. All patients were examined by direct manual palpation of TMJ and muscles of mastication. The clicking sound of joint was also recorded. Basic investigation and specific investigations like radiograph such as orthopanto-gram were taken to exclude dental and other pathological conditions. The diagnosis of Myofacial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome [MPDS] was established by co- relating different factors such as pain, muscle tenderness, and limited jaw movement. Male were more commonly affected, 80 out of 100 were male and 20 were female. Married persons were 70 as compared to unmarried [n=30]. The Para-functional habits like bruxism, day clinching, nail biting were noted in 40 patients. Moreover, students [n=30] between 15-25 years were affected. And married group of the society were most commonly affected; 70%

comparison of sealing capabilities of amalgum, GIC and zinc oxide eugenol cement when used as retro grade filling materials [in vitro study]

The objective of this study was to compare sealing capabilities of different filling materials when used as retrograde filling materials following apiceotomy [to check their sealing abilities as retro filling]. In this study apical seal obtained following reverse retrograde root filling with amalgam, was compared with those obtained with, Glassinomer [GIC] and Zinc oxide eugonal [ZnO2E] cement. The root canals of 50 extracted single rooted upper anterior human teeth were used in this study. The root canals were instrumented and obturated with laterally condensed, gutta-percha and zinc oxide sealer. Each tooth was apically resected at 90 degrees to its long axis and the root surface isolated with two coats of nail polish. Teeth were divided into 4 groups, the 1st group received amalgam retrograde filling, the 2nd and 3rd group was retro filled with GIC and ZnO2E cement respectively and the 4th control group received no retrograde root filling. All these teeth were suspended in 1% methylene blue dye at room temperature for 72 hours, the roots were sectioned and dye penetration measured by using [stereomicroscope] microscope. The sealing abilities of these materials were determined by their ability to inhibit dye penetration. The result of this study has shown that GIC is just as effective as amalgam but ZnO2E cement showed poor sealing abilities. GIC is just as effective as Amalgam as a retro-sealer and on some instance, better then it, but a long term in vivo study is required to prove it