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1.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 29(1): 101-107, feb. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-627222

ABSTRACT

Mucormycosis is an increasingly emerging life-threatening infection and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with leukemia. We present the case of a 4-year-old boy with an acute lymphoblastic leukemia complicated by severe and prolonged neutropenia during induction chemotherapy, who developed cutaneous mucormycosis of the elbow. Direct microscopy with KOH and the histopathologic observation of the skin revealed fungal hyphae without septations. The cultures were positive for Rhizopus microsporus var oligosporus. The patient was treated succefully with amphotericin B during 40 days, surgical debridement and dermoepidermic graft. Early recognition and prompt intervention with combined medical and surgical treatment may improve the outcome. The most common management strategy in survivors involves a combination of antifungal therapy with amphotericin B and surgical debridement.


La mucormicosis es una enfermedad emergente grave, producida por hongos saprófitos del orden Mucorales, que afecta fundamentalmente a pacientes inmunocom-prometidos. La forma cutánea se origina por inoculación de esporas dentro de la dermis con el subsecuente desarrollo de una lesión tipo ectima, generalmente única y de evolución rápidamente progresiva, por las características angioinvasoras del hongo, que determina amplias zonas de infartos y necrosis en los tejidos. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con cuatro años de edad, con diagnóstico de leucemia linfoblástica aguda, en quimioterapia de inducción, que cursó con neutropenia profunda y prolongada, presentando una lesión cutánea en el codo compatible con ectima gangrenoso. Recibió tratamiento antimicrobiano y antifúngico, asociado a un aseo quirúrgico. El cultivo para hongos demostró crecimiento de Rhizopus microsporus var oligosporus, y la histología concluyó presencia de hifas no septadas. El estudio de extensión descartó compromiso óseo, sinusal y cerebral. Completó 40 días de terapia antifúngica con anfotericina B deoxicolato, evolucionando satisfactoriamente. Posteriormente requirió injerto dermo-epidérmico. Si bien esta patología es infrecuente, debemos sospecharla en pacientes con neoplasias hematológicas, para establecer un diagnóstico etiológico oportuno, ya que el tratamiento contempla el desbridamiento quirúrgico precoz asociado a antifúngicos sistémicos, siendo de elección anfotericina B.


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Humans , Male , Dermatomycoses/immunology , Immunocompromised Host , Mucormycosis/immunology , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/immunology , Rhizopus/isolation & purification , Dermatomycoses/diagnosis , Dermatomycoses/microbiology , Mucormycosis/diagnosis , Mucormycosis/microbiology
2.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 132(2): 151-159, feb. 2004. mapas, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-361490

ABSTRACT

Background: The easy access and inappropriate use of antimicrobials led to selection and spread of resistant microorganisms strains. It is imperative to search for new and more effective antimicrobials. One strategy is the screening of metabolites produced by microorganisms found in the environment. Actinomycetes are a potential source of new drugs. Aim: To isolate actinomycetes from sediments of Chilean rivers and lakes and to screen them for antimicrobial activity against reference bacterial strains and pathogenic fungi. Material and Methods: Actinomycetes were isolated from sediment samples, using casein-starch agar. The antimicrobial activity against 3 bacterial species and 7 fungal species was tested using the disc diffusion method. For the extraction of active metabolites, culture broths of antagonistic actinomycetes were extracted with organic solvents followed by testing the antibiotic activity. Results: A total of 62 strains of actinomycetes were isolated, mainly Streptomyces sp (83.9 percent). Thirty six strains (58.1 percent) showed antimicrobial activity, mainly against Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans. Some isolates inhibited a wide spectrum of indicator strains, like LRI 4A strain (Streptomyces sp) that inhibited Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans and 4 filamentous fungi. Conclusions: Lakes and rivers of Southern Chile are an important reservoir of antagonistic actinomycetes, a potential source of new drugs.


Subject(s)
Actinobacteria/isolation & purification , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Antifungal Agents , Chile
3.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 20(4): 257-261, 2003.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-387924

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad por arañazo de gato (EAG), es considerada la causa más frecuente de linfoadenopatía benigna crónica en niños y adolescentes. En los casos existe el antecedente de contacto con gatos (90 por ciento) y de rasguño y/o mordedura (60 por ciento). La infección con Bartonella spp se manifiesta como desde una linfoadenopatía (EAG) a una enfermedad sistémica. El 10 po ciento tiene manifestaciones atípicas y 2 por ciento presenta complicaciones graves. Debe sospecharse EAG por exclusión de otras etiologías habituales y por el antecedente epidemiológico de contacto y/o rasguño de gato, con o sin lesión de inoculación primaria. Se presentan 4 casos de EAG atípicas en niños del S.S. Valdivia, donde se confirmó el agente por IFI IgG contra Bartonella henselae, con títulos > 1: 256.


Subject(s)
Male , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Cat-Scratch Disease , Clarithromycin/therapeutic use , Chile , Bartonella Infections/diagnosis
4.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 20(1): 7-10, 2003.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-348568

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo por medio de IFI, para detectar anticuerpos IgG anti Chlamydia pneumoiae y Mycoplasma pneumoniae, en pacientes seronegativos para hantavirus, con sintomatología de neumonia atípica y distress respiratorio. Chlamydia pneumoniae alcanzó una prevalencia de 8,6 por ciento y M. pneumoniae de 17,1 por ciento en los pacientes estudiados. Se enfatiza la importancia que estos agentes tienen en nuestro medio y la necesidad de contar con técnicas de laboratorio rápida, que permitan un diagnóstico diferencial oportuno entre el síndrome pulmonar por hantavirus y otras patologías que producen cuadros similares, principalmente con neumonía atípica


Subject(s)
Humans , Chlamydophila pneumoniae , Mycoplasma pneumoniae , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn , Chlamydophila pneumoniae , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect , Orthohantavirus , Mycoplasma pneumoniae , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn , Retrospective Studies , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/diagnosis , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/etiology
5.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 131(2): 169-176, 2003. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-342238

ABSTRACT

In Chile, three Hantavirus seropositive rodent species (O longicaudatus, A olivaceus and A longipilis) are distributed from the Pacific coast to the Andes mountains and represent nearly 90 percent of the rodents captured in the Xth Region. Aim: To study the seroprevalence of Hantavirus among captured rodent species and its relationship with the appearance of human cases of pulmonary syndrome. Material and methods: From May 1998 to September 2001, 675 rodents were captured in the region. Serum samples were tested by ELISA for the presence of IgG antibodies against Andes and Sin Nombre virus. Sera from human cases with a suspected Hantavirus infection were analyzed for IgM antibodies against Black Lagoon virus and for IgG antibodies against Andes and Sin Nombre virus. Results: Twenty two of the 675 rodents were seropositive for the virus, 18 O longicaudatus and 4 A longipilis. Regional seroprevalence changed from 2.2 percent in 1998, 0.0 percent in 1999, 1.0 percent in 2000 and up to 7.1 percent in 2001. A total of 77 positive human cases were studied from 1998 to March 2002. Although there were positive cases in all seasons, data showed a spring-summer seasonal preponderance. A relationship between the flowering of "colihue" bushes and the increased values of rodent abundance, seroprevalence and positive animals was established. Conclusions: A dispersal movement of O longicaudatus to open habitats close to human outdoor activities during the dry season was confirmed


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Disease Reservoirs , Mice , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/epidemiology , Seroepidemiologic Studies
6.
Rev. chil. cienc. méd. biol ; 11(1): 15-22, 2001. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-300227

ABSTRACT

Se aportan antecedentes para conocer la frecuencia de dermatofitosis en poblaciones de edad pediátrica, perteneciente a hogares de menores de Valdivia, sus agentes causales, relación epidemiológica y la presencia de portadores sistomáticos. Se estudiaron 132 pacientes menores de 15 años, procedentes de 3 hogares de menores de Valdivia (60 hombres y 72 mujeres). Las muestras se colectaron de los pacientes por raspado con bisturí entre láminas estériles o por el método del Tapete de Mariat y Tapia para diagnóstico de enfermedad o portación, según el examen físico al momento de ingreso. Para el estudio de ambiente de riesgo (gimnasio-ducha-zapatos) se usó la técnica del Tapete estéril. Los resultados confirmaron la buena correlación de la técnica del examen microscópico directo y cultivo micológico, con un rendimiento de 98 por ciento (cultivo v/s examen directo). Nuestra población pediátrica cerrada presentó un alto porcentaje de dermatofitosis, existiendo una clara diferencia porcentual por sexo de 59.1 por ciento y 25 por ciento de sexo masculino y femenino, respectivamente. Llama la atención la ausencia de tiña de cuero cabelludo en esta población. El 100 por ciento de las dermatofitosis se localizó a nivel interdigital, plantar y uña de pie, siendo los agentes causales aislados en orden de frecuencia T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale y T. mentagrophytes var mentagrophytes. La confirmación de la sospecha clínica fue cercana al 50 por ciento, por exámenes micológicos (directo y cultivo). Destacamos que frente a una lesión sospechosa de micosis se deben realizar los dos tipos de exámenes micológicos, previo a la instauración de la terapia antimicótica. El estado del portador fue del 12 por ciento, sin diferencia de sexo. Al cabo de tres meses de seguimiento, estos pacientes se hicieron sintomáticos. El estudio de muestras ambientales no reveló la presencia de dermatofitos


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Child, Preschool , Infant , Arthrodermataceae , Dermatomycoses , Foot , Nails/microbiology , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Arthrodermataceae , Chile , Dermatomycoses , Disease Transmission, Infectious , Group Homes , Tinea Capitis/epidemiology
7.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 17(3): 233-40, 2000. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-277174

ABSTRACT

El síndrome pulmonar por hantavirus (SPH) fue descrito en E.U.A. en 1993. Se notificaron casos en Chile desde 1995. Utilizando serología se han identificado retrospectivamente casos desde 1959 en E.U.A. y 1980 en Argentina. En tres grupos familiares atendidos en el Hospital Regional Valdivia entre febrero y abril de 1993 se encontraron, en un estudio retrospectivo efectuado 5 años más tarde, anticuerpos IgG anti-hantavirus con títulos > 1/6,400, en 5 de 7 pacientes atendidos con el diagnóstico de neumonía atípica - síndrome de distress respiratorio tipo adulto (SDRA). Sus contactos presentaron serología negativa. El cuadro clínico de estos pacientes se caracterizó por diversos grados de compromiso pulmonar y sistémico, hipoxemia, plaquetopenia, hipoproteinemia e hipoalbuminemia; en algunos, leucocitosis, hemoconcentración GOT y DHL elevados. De los factores de riesgo reconocidos para adquirir SPH, encontramos en esta serie: ruralidad, trabajo agrícola en la vecindad del domicilio, contacto con roedores y sus excreciones, limpieza de cabaña o bodegas desocupadas. Se establece retrospectivamente la presencia del SPH en la proviencia de Valdivia a partir de 1993 en tres grupos familiares. Los hallazgos hacen necesario tener presente la etiología de hantavirus en casos inexplicados de SDRA con el antecedente epidemiológico de contacto con roedores silvestres


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Chile/epidemiology , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/epidemiology , Disease Reservoirs , Disease Transmission, Infectious , Family , Disease Notification/statistics & numerical data , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Rural Population , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/etiology , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/diagnosis
9.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 125(10): 1157-64, oct. 1997. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-210538

ABSTRACT

Background: the solts of the southern part of Chile, that are isolated, cold, humid, poorly axygenated and with a low acitity, could contain new strains of antimicrobial producing Streptomyces strains with antimicrobial activity towards pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Material and methods: two hundred fifty eight soil and sediment samples were collected from 148 paces in Souther regions of Chile. They were cultured in Kuster-Williams growth media and the presence of Streptomyces was confirmed by microscopic examination and biochemical characterization. The antimicrobial activity against reference microorganisms. Results: Seventy seven percent of soils were positive and 542 wild strains of Streptomyces were isolates; of these, 266 had antimicrobial activity. Fifty three percent of isolates had activity against S aureus 43 percent against B subtilis and 0.7 percent against E coli. Most Streptomyces were active against more than one organism. When there was activity against single organisms, these were mostly eucariotic, such as C albicans and T mentagrophytes. Among clinical microorganisms, 29 percent of S aureus strains were inhibited, while P aeruginosa, Alternaria sp, P vulgaris and Y enterocolitica strains were not inhibited. The most frequent Streptomyces morphotypes were those showing pigmented colonies with flexuous and spiral shaped chains of arthopores. Conclusions: soils of the southern region Chile allow the grouth of abundant native strains of Streptomyces with a promising anticrobial activity


Subject(s)
Streptomyces/isolation & purification , Antibiosis/immunology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/immunology , Streptomyces/immunology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Soil Microbiology
10.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 125(8): 922-6, ago. 1997. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-207131

ABSTRACT

We report and eight years old boy presenting with a pyogenic granuloma of the scalp, generalized alopecia, descamative plates in the neck, trunk and limbs and nail involvement. Cultures for fungus of all these lesions disclosed Microspore canis. The patient was treated with oral griseofulvin, miconazole and topical tolnaftate. Five years later and after several incomplete treatments, the patient returns with a fistulous mass of 12 x 8 cm in the dorsal area whose culture revealed Microspore canis. The mass was excised and oral ketoconazole was indicated. After three months of follow up, the patient was lost from control


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Mycetoma/microbiology , Microsporum/pathogenicity , Tolnaftate/therapeutic use , Gentamicins/therapeutic use , Cloxacillin/therapeutic use , Alopecia/microbiology , Griseofulvin/therapeutic use , Mycetoma/therapy , Miconazole/therapeutic use , Granuloma, Pyogenic/surgery
11.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 124(5): 593-6, mayo 1996. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-174780

ABSTRACT

The most common superficial mycosis caused by trichosporon beigelii is white piedra. We report a 18 years old male that had in several hairs of the scalp, white-yellowish nodules of 1 mm diameter, agglutinated or forming chains, even forming threads, with a greasy aspect. Trichosporon beiglii was identified in cultures. Oral and topical antimycotics were prescribed and the patient was lost from follow up


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Piedra/diagnosis , Piedra/drug therapy , Trichosporon/pathogenicity , Fluconazole/administration & dosage , Itraconazole/administration & dosage , Hair Diseases/parasitology , Ketoconazole/administration & dosage
12.
Rev. chil. cienc. méd. biol ; 6(2): 61-3, 1996. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-197847

ABSTRACT

Cien muestras de alimentos comercializados en Valdivia, Chile, fueron estudiadas para la búsqueda de Listeria monocytogenes. Listeria monocytogenes fue aislada en 7 muestras (leche pasteurizada, queso industrializado, carne, pollos y cecinas)


Subject(s)
Humans , Food Microbiology , Listeria monocytogenes/isolation & purification , Dairy Products/microbiology , Foodborne Diseases , Listeria monocytogenes/pathogenicity , Meningitis/etiology , Meningitis/microbiology
13.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 123(8): 1006-8, ago. 1995. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-162305

ABSTRACT

We report 6 patients with Kerion Celsi due to trichophyton verrucosum. Five of the patients were hospiotalized with the diagnosis of Staphylococcal abscess. This confusion is due to that highly suppurative and inflammatory nature of the infection. Griseofulvin is the antimicrobial of choice for treatment, asociated with imidazolics and corticosteroids to prevent alopecia. The authors suggest that an adequate use of simple microbiological diagnosis tests in the diagnosis of pyodermitis in rural children, may prevent unnecessary hospitalizations and permanent hair loss


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Trichophyton/pathogenicity , Dermatomycoses/diagnosis , Griseofulvin/administration & dosage , Diagnosis, Differential , Tinea Capitis/diagnosis , Tinea Capitis/drug therapy
14.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 53(5): 297-8, 1988.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-67846

ABSTRACT

A pesar de la frecuente presencia de candidiasis vaginal en la mujer embarazada, el útero rara vez se ve afectado. Existen pocos informes en la literatura de infección intrauterina. El presente artículo presenta un caso de candidiasis intrauterina y fetal en asociación con la presencia de un dispositivo intrauterino


Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Adult , Humans , Female , Chorioamnionitis/etiology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Candida albicans/isolation & purification , Candida albicans/pathogenicity , Intrauterine Devices/adverse effects
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