Effects of low-level laser on the expression of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor‑α, osteoprotegerin, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand in human periodontal ligament cells / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#This study aims to determine the effects of low-level laser (LLL) on the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) in human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs) stimulated by high glucose; and identify the molecular mechanism of LLL therapy in the regulation of periodontal inflammation and bone remodeling during orthodontic treatment in diabetic patients.@*METHODS@#HPDLCs were cultured in vitro to simulate orthodontic after loading and irradiated with LLL therapy. The cultured cells were randomly divided into four groups: low glucose Dulbecco's modification of Eagle's medium (DMEM)+stress stimulation (group A), high glucose DMEM+stress stimulation (group B), hypoglycemic DMEM+LLL therapy+stress stimulation (group C), and hyperglycemic DMEM+LLL therapy+stress stimulation (group D). Groups C and D were further divided into C1 and D1 (energy density: 3.75 J/cm2) and C2 and D2 (energy density: 5.625 J/cm2). Cells in groups A, B, C, and D were irradiated by LLL before irradiation. At 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h, the supernatants of the cell cultures were extracted at regular intervals, and the protein expression levels of IL-6, TNF-α, OPG, and RANKL were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.@*RESULTS@#1) The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α secreted by HPDLCs increased gradually with time under static pressure stimulation. After 12 h, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α secreted by HPDLCs in group A were significantly higher than those in groups B, C1, and C2 (P<0.05), which in group B were significantly higher than those in groups D1, and D2 (P<0.01). 2) The OPG protein concentration showed an upward trend before 24 h and a downward trend thereafter. The RANKL protein concentration increased, whereas the OPG/RANKL ratio decreased with time. Significant differen-ces in OPG, RANKL, and OPG/RANKL ratio were found among group A and groups B, C1, C2 as well as group B and groups D1, D2 (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#1) In the high glucose+stress stimulation environment, the concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α secreted by HPDLCs increased with time, the expression of OPG decreased, the expression of RANKL increased, and the ratio of OPG/RANKL decreased. As such, high glucose environment can promote bone resorption. After LLL therapy, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α decreased, indicating that LLL therapy could antagonize the increase in the levels of inflammatory factors induced by high glucose environment and upregulate the expression of OPG in human HPDLCs, downregulation of RANKL expression in HPDLCs resulted in the upregulation of the ratio of OPG/RANKL and reversed the imbalance of bone metabolism induced by high glucose levels. 2) The decrease in inflammatory factors and the regulation of bone metabolism in HPDLCs were enhanced with increasing laser energy density within 3.75-5.625 J/cm2. Hence, the ability of LLL therapy to modulate bone remodeling increases with increasing dose.

Comprehensive identification of metabolites and metabolic characteristics of luteolin and kaempferol in Simiao Yong'an Decoction in rats by UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS/MS / 中国中药杂志

Simiao Yong'an Decoction is a classic prescription for treating gangrene. Modern medical evidence has proven that Si-miao Yong'an Decoction has therapeutic effects on atherosclerosis(AS), vascular occlusion angeitides, and hypertension, while its pharmacodynamic mechanism remains unclear. The evidence of network pharmacology, molecular docking, literature review, and our previous study suggests that luteolin and kaempferol are two major flavonoids in Simiao Yong'an Decoction and can inhibit macrophage inflammation and exert anti-AS effects. However, due to lack of the metabolism studies in vivo, little is known about the metabolic characteristics of luteolin and kaempferol. This study employed ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry(UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS/MS) and relevant software to identify the metabolites and metabolic pathways of luteolin and kaempferol in rat plasma, urine, and feces, after oral administration of luteolin and kaempferol, respectively. After the administration of luteolin, 10, 11, and 3 metabolites of luteolin were detected in the plasma, urine, and feces, respectively. After the administration of kaempferol, 9, 3, and 1 metabolites of kaempferol were detected in the plasma, urine, and feces, respectively. The metabolic pathways mainly involved methylation, glucuronidation, and sulfation. This study enriches the knowledge about the pharmacological mechanism of luteolin and kaempferol and supplies a reference for revealing the metabolic process of other flavonoids in Simiao Yong'an Decoction, which is of great significance for elucidating the pharmacological effects and effective substances of this decoction in vivo.

Extraction and Separation of Boron in Anhydrite and Gypsum Minerals and Its Isotopic Measurement by Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry / 分析化学

The anhydrite and gypsum are the main sulfate minerals during evaporation of seawater or lake.They record the information about relative hydrogeology and the composition of mother liquor.Boron is diffluent element, and often occurs in all kinds of evaporites.Presently, the boron isotope has been applied widely in mineral deposits forming, geochemistry and palaeoenvironment.However, there is little research about characteristic of boron isotope in anhydrite and gypsum minerals, because of the low content of boron and micro-solubility in water and hydrochloric acid.This study developed a method of extracting and purifying boron in anhydrite and gypsum by phase transformation and ion-exchange.Firstly, the samples were mixed with ammonium hydrogen carbonate to transform the calcium sulfate to calcium carbonate.And diluted hydrochloric acid (1 mol/L) was added to resolve calcium carbonate.The percent conversion was about 85%in the first stage, and up to complete resolution by repeating this process.Secondly, boron specific ion-exchange resin ( Amberlite IRA 743 ) was used to gather the boron ions fully and further refined the samples with more than 1 μg of boron by anionic and cationic resin mixed by Ion Exchange Ⅱ and Dowex 50 W × 8.Finally, according to the modified method by He, the values of boron isotope were determined by TIMS.The boron content is analytically pure gypsum was 3.501 ± 0.128 μg/g ( n=12 , RSD=3.6%) and the average recovery was 100.47%.Besides, the δ11B value of analytically pure gypsum added with NIST SRM 951 was 17.98‰±0.21‰ (n=3, RSD=1.2%).This method has good repeatability and can meet the requirements of boron isotopic measurement of anhydrite and gypsum.

Acupuncture for chronic pelvic pain syndromes (CPPS) and its effect on cytokines in prostatic fluid / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of acupuncture on chronic pelvic pain syndromes (CPPS), and its therapeutic mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fourty-seven cases of CPPS were treated with electroacupuncture on Zhongji (CV 3), Guilai (ST 29), Yinlingquan (SP 9), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Guanyuan (CV 4), Shuidao(ST 28), Xuehai (SP 10) and Taichong (LR 3) as main acupoints. Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (CPSI) was adopted to grade the severity of pain or discomforts. Additionally, the levels of Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in prostate fluid were detected and the correlation between those changes and pain score was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment, pain or discomfort score in CPSI decreased remarkably as compared with that before treatment (P < 0.01). The levels of IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-alpha were lower than those before treatment (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The positive correlation was obtained between IL-10 level and pain score (P < 0.05). The total effective rate was 89.4% (42/47).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupuncture has significant efficacy on CPPS through reducing IL-10 level to ease pain, and reducing the levels of IL-8 and TNF-alpha to relieve inflammatory reaction.</p>

Sufentanil reduces emergence agitation in children receiving sevoflurane anesthesia for adenotonsillectomy compared with fentanyl / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Emergence agitation is a common problem in pediatric anesthesia, especially after sevoflurane induction and maintenance anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sufentanil to reduce emergence agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy compared with fentanyl.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and five children, aged 3 - 11 years, were randomly allocated to receive normal saline (control group), sufentanil 0.2 µg/kg (S2) or fentanyl 2 µg/kg (F2) 1 minute after loss of the eyelash reflex. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with sevoflurane. Time to tracheal extubation, recovery time, Paediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale, and emergence behavior were assessed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The incidence of severe agitation was significantly lower in S2 and F2 groups vs. the control group, 4/32 and 15/34 vs. 24/34 respectively, (P = 0.002, 0.009, respectively). PAED scales were significantly different among three groups (P = 0.007), and lower in the S2 and F2 groups than in the control group (P = 0.007 and P = 0.025, respectively). And the incidence of severe agitation and the PAED scale score was significantly different between the S2 and F2 groups (P = 0.007, P = 0.019, respectively). Time to tracheal extubation and recovery time were similar in all three groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Administration of sufentanil at 0.2 µg/kg after induction of anesthesia reduced emergence agitation in children receiving sevoflurane anesthesia for adenotonsillectomy compared with fentanyl. This was without delaying the recovery time or causing significant hypotension.</p>

Qiantongding Decoction: An efficacious therapeutic for type III B prostatitis / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Qiantongding Decoction in the treatment of type III B prostatitis or chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy patients with type III B prostatitis / CPPS were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 36) and a control group (n = 34), the former treated with Qiantongding Decoction, and the latter with oral Indometacin, both for a month. Then their scores on Pelvic Pain Symptom Survey and NIH-CPSI were documented and compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>An obvious improvement was observed in both groups after the treatment, with significant differences from pre-treatment (P < 0.05), and the experimental group showed a significantly better alleviation of pain than the control (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Qiantongding Decoction has an obvious therapeutic effect on type III B prostatitis / CPPS.</p>

Multicenter phase II clinical trial of uroacitides injection in the treatment for advanced malignant tumors / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the efficacy, safety and the life quality improvement of uroacitides injection in the treatment for patients with advanced malignant tumors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 160 patients with advanced stage cancers were enrolled into this multicenter, open and non-randomized phase II clinical trial, including cancers of the lung (33 cases), liver (45 cases), breast (17 cases), esophagus (11 cases), stomach (18 cases), colon (19 cases), pancreas (3 cases) and kidney (4 cases), and glioma (10 cases). Uroacitides was administrated in a dose of 300 ml daily via the superior vena cava catheter for consecutive 4-8 weeks.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 160 patients, 21 dropped out and one patient died during the trial. Efficacy could be evaluated in 138 patients and safety in 160. The total objective response rate (ORR, CR + PR)) and tumor control rate (CR + PR + MR + SD) of the 138 evaluable patients were 5.8% and 65.2%, respectively. Clinical benefit response (CBR) rate was 57.2%. Major adverse effects were grade I - II and reversible nausea/vomiting (21.9%) and pain (6.3%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Uroacitides injection is effective in the control for various kinds of advanced cancers with mild, reversible and tolerable adverse effects, and can also improve the patient's quality of life. It is worth being studied further.</p>

Acupoint-injection of BCG polysaccharide nuclear acid for treatment of condyloma acuminatum and its immunoregulatory action on the patient / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To probe into immunological mechanisms and clinical therapeutic effect of acupoint-injection of BCG polysaccharide nuclear acid (BCG-PSN) for treatment of condyloma acuminatum (CA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred cases were randomly divided into 4 groups. After removed the CA by laser, the treatment group (group A) was treated with acupoint-injection of BCG-PSN, the control group I (group B) with intramuscular injection of BCG-PSN, the control group II (group C) with intramuscular injection of interferon, and the blank control group (group D) with no treatment. The levels of cellular immune function were detected before treatment and after treatment of 6 months, and the cases of relapse were recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cured rate of 94.3% in the group A was significantly higher than 78.0% in the group B, 80.4% in the group C and 78.2% in the group D, with significant differences (P < 0.05); in the group A, CD4+ percent increased, CD8+ percent decreased, CD4+ /CD+ ratio increased, and NK cell activity increased with a low relapse rate, and with significant differences as compared with the control groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupoint-injection of BCG-PSN has a better therapeutic effect and it can obviously reduce the recurrence rate of CA. The cellular immunoregulatory action is one of the mechanisms of this therapy in preventing relapse of CA.</p>

Clinical trial on exemestane in the treatment of postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the response rate and adverse reactions of exemestane (a new aromatase inactivator) in the treatment of postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and seventy-three patients with advanced breast cancer entered this study with two patients excluded because of postmenopausal time being less than one year. Therefore, 173 patients could be evaluated for adverse events and 171 patients could be evaluated for efficacy. Exemestane, 25 mg orally daily for 4 weeks as one cycle was given.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the 171 patients evaluated for efficacy, 4 (2.3%) experienced a complete response (CR) and 40 (23.4%) a partial response (PR), with the overall response rate of 25.7%. Ninety patients (52.6%) had stable disease (SD), with 25 having SD for at least 24 weeks. The clinical benefit (CR + PR + SD > or = 24 weeks) was shown in 69 (40.4%) patients. Progressive disease (PD) was shown in 37 (21.6%) patients. The untreated patients had a higher objective response rate (33.8%) than the retreated ones (18.1%) with significant difference (P = 0.019 7). The response rates for soft-tissue, bone involvement and visceral metastasis were 32.8%, 23.9%, and 12.4% (P = 0.002). There was no significant difference in different ages, time of menopause, disease-free interval or receptor status (P > 0.05). Drug-related adverse events were gastric discomfort (17.9%), malaise (17.9%), nausea (13.9%), hot flushes (11.0%) and dysphoria (5.8%). Other side reactions and abnormal laboratory parameters were observed occasionally which were irrelevant.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Exemestane can be used to treat postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer giving only mild adverse reactions which are well tolerated.</p>

Protective effects of quateranary ammonium salt derivative (F2) of haloperidol on ischemia and reperfusion injury in rat hearts / 中国药理学通报

AIM: To study the effects of quateranary ammonium salt derivative (F2) of haloperidol on ischemia and reperfusion injury in rat hearts. METHODS: Ischemia and reperfusion injury in rat hearts was induced by occluding the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min and restoring blood reperfusion for 30 min. F2(1, 2, 4 mg·kg-1, respectively) was intravenously injected before heart ischemia. Plasma creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme MB(CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), α-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH), grutamicoxalacetic transaminase(GOT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondiadehyde (MDA) contents were measured. The pathologic changes of ischemia and reperfusion myocardium were observed on the transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: F2 reduced the release of CK, CK-MB LDH, HBDH, GOT from I/R rat hearts, increased the activity of SOD and decreased the MDA contents. In F2(1mg·kg-1) group, the serum CK-MB LDH HBDH concentration was lowered significantly (vs I/R group P<0.01 or P<0.05). In F2(2 and 4 mg·kg-1) groups serum CK CK-MB LDH HBDH GOT concentration and MDA contents were decreased significantly (vs I/R group P<0.01), and SOD increased significantly (vs I/R group P<0.01). The decrease of CK, CK-MB, LDH, HBDH, MDA in F2(4 mg·kg-1) group was more remarkable than that in F2(2 mg·kg-1) group (P<0.01). CK-MB in F2(4 mg·kg-1) group was lowered than that in Verapamil (2 mg·kg-1) group (P<0.05). For morphology, myocytes of I/R heart showed intracellular edema, disarrangement and rapture of myocardial fiber, damaged mitochondria, marginated and concentrated nucleus. F2 modified these changes. CONCLUSION: F2 may play an apparent role against rat heart ischemia/reperfusion injury in dose-dependent manner.