ABSTRACT
Objective To confirm the safety and nutritional efficacy of high branched-chain amino acids through a pragmatic study allowing its use as an alternative to 15AA in patients with liver dysfunction. Methods The study was performed as a randomized, prospective trial. Eighty two patients with liver dysfunction undergoing operation were randomly assigned to receive high branchedchain amino acids or 15AA as part of their TPN regimens for 7 days. Daily parenteral intakes of energy nitrogen and lipid were equal in the two groups. Results Efficacy analysis showed that high branched-chain amino acids were as efficient as 15AA in avoiding protein catablosim. No serious adverse event was reported in the two groups. For hematology, renal, hepatic safety criteria and for the vital signs,no significant difference was observed between the 2 groups. No significant difference was observed concerning nitrogen balance and protein catablosim. For peripheral immunoglobulin and lymphocytes, a statistically significant difference was observed between the high branched-chain amino acids and the 15AA groups. Conclusion High branched-chain amino acids is new, safe and efficient amino acids for parenteral nutrition.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of direct intratumor injection of the packaged cells with retroviral vector carrying human endostatin (hEN) on the growth inhibition of B16 melanoma in C57/BL6 mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Retroviral vector, pLNC-hEN, was constructed with modified and identified hEN gene. The cell line, PA317, was used to establish ecotropic virus producing cells by transfecting and packing with pLNC-hEN. Then the cells were injected directly into the tumor in C57/BL6 mice bearing B16 melanoma, established by intra-cutaneous injection of B16 cell suspension. The tumor size was measured at different intervals to observe the antitumor effect. Micro-vessel density (MVD) in the tumor tissue was evaluated by immunohistological examination to count the apoptotic cells by TUMEL staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Tumor with diameter of 2 - 3 mm was observed in all mice after 7 - 9 days. The average tumor volume on D3, D5, D7 and D9 after gene transfection was 4.67 +/- 1.1, 22.25 +/- 13.06, 84.17 +/- 43.5 and 155.08 +/- 81.1 mm(3) in the gene therapy group but 136.17 +/- 30.61, 390.17 +/- 220.47, 1 021.67 +/- 537.4 and 2 920.2 +/- 220.01 mm(3) in the control group, the difference of which was statistically significant. The average MVD in the gene therapy and control groups were 8 +/- 2.28 and 28.17 +/- 5.31 while the average apoptotic cell number in the two groups were 23.33 +/- 3.83 and 2.33 +/- 1.21, both of which were statistically significant.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The direct injection of packaged cells carrying hEN gene is able to inhibit the growth of micro-blood vessels and promote tumor cell apoptosis, which ultimately inhibits the growth of B16 melanoma.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Angiogenesis Inhibitors , Therapeutic Uses , Apoptosis , Collagen , Genetics , Therapeutic Uses , Disease Models, Animal , Endostatins , Gene Transfer Techniques , Genetic Therapy , Genetic Vectors , Genetics , Melanoma, Experimental , Pathology , Therapeutics , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Neoplasm Transplantation , Peptide Fragments , Genetics , Therapeutic Uses , Transfection , Tumor Cells, CulturedABSTRACT
The relationship of the nutritional and colorectal tumor was reviewed.The epidemiology of oral nutrition and colorectal tumor was investigated.The nutritional support in patients with colorectal tumor was discassed.The use of some amino acids and fatty acids might not only improve the hosts nutritional condition,but also serve as methods to treat tumor.
ABSTRACT
Objectives:To study the colonic adaptation of short bowel rats by enteral nutrition plus fiber treatment. Methods:The short bowel rats were randomized into two groups:feed by Pepti-2000(EN) and by Pepti-2000 plus fiber(EF);and another normal rats as control(CONT) group.The nutritional states and morphologic changes of the colon were investigated. Results:From postoperative days(PODs) 15,the weight of EF group was increasing and greater than EN group after PODs 18.The net nitrogen balance in EF group was almost the same as CONT,but greater than EN group.All the mucosal thickness,villous height and surface area of the colon in EF group were greater than CONT and EN group(P<0.001).DNA index and percentage of S phase cells of the colonic mucous in study groups were higher than CONT group(P<0.05).Also the levels of colonic mucous IGF-1 mRNA in study groups were higher than in CONT group(P<0.05). Conclusions:Enteral nutrition plus fiber can not only promote nutritional states;but enhance colonic adaptation to the short bowel rats.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the correlation between vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) expression and microvessel density(MVD) in gastric carcinoma (GC) and the relationship of VEGF and MVD with clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of GC. Methods The expression of VEGF and intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) in one hundred and sixteen resected specimens of the patients with GC were observed and counted, and the relationship of VEGF and MVD with clinicopathologic factors and prognosis of GC were analysed. Results The expression of VEGF was found in 60.34% of the specimens. The MVD value was much higher in VEGF(+) group than that in VEGF(-) group (26.16±8.50 and 19.22±8.20, respectively, P<0.01). Expression of VEGF was significantly higher in patients with lymph node metastasis than that in patients without lymph node metastasis (p<0.05).Expression of VEGF was highly correlated with the stage of tumor (P<0.05). MVD correlated with lymph node metastasis (P<0.01) and abdomen metastasis (P<0.01) and increased with the TNM stage (P<0.01). The total five-year survival rate in VEGF(-) group and low MVD group were significantly higher than that in VEGF(+) group and high MVD group respectively(both P<0.01). Multivariate analysis indicated that the expression of VEGF and MVD were independent prognostic factors of GC. Conclusions The expression of VEGF and MVD can reflect the malignant degree of GC. They may serve as the prognostic factors and guide the decisions on the therapy.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the influence of Lipofundin vs Intralipid on lipid energy metabolism of cirrhotic patients undergoing surgery.Methods Twenty-five patients with liver disease were randomly assigned to two PN groups:LCT group(n=12) and MC/LCT group (n=13).Fat energy in group LCT was supplied by 20%-Intralipid,Group MCT/LCT was supplied by 20%-Lipofundin.All patients were on parenteral nutrition for 7 days.Intravenous fat tolerance test (IVFTT) was measured at pre-op,post-op d1、post-op d7.Carnitine （CNT） level in serum and urine,and AKBR were tested at the pre-op、post-op d1、d7.Results The elimination rate of the MCT was faster than that of LCT at pre-op and post-op d7,the elimination rate of LCT at post-op d1 was faster than that of at pre-op and post-op d7.Serum CNT increased in both groups,urine CNT markedly decreasd at postoperation,but in LCT group CNT was at lower level as compared with MCT group at post-op d7,P＜0.05.AKBR was markedly decreased in both groups post-op,but at post-op d7,AKBR in MCT group was higher than in LCT group,P＜0.01.Conclusions These results indicated that Lipofundin was an ideal energy source for the cirrhotic patients.
ABSTRACT
60 yrs) were associated with a higher prevalence of malnutrition (47 6%) than those of 60 yrs and younger (31 5%) Malnutrition was more frequently encountered in cancer patients than other patients (64 5% vs 22 4%) Patients with digestive tract disease had higher rates of malnutrition than those without (52 6% vs 30 0%) FFM, FM, BCM, TBW and ICF was significantly lower in malnourished male and female patients than well nourished patients Conclusion The prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalized surgical patients is high
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the safety and effect of enteral nutrition support at early period after gastroenteric operation. Methods 62 patients with gastrointestinal cancer were divided into three groups randomly: control group, TPN group, and TEN group. Patients in TPN and TEN groups received 7 days nutritional support in isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The peripheral vein blood was sampled before operation and 7 day after that to observe nutritional status and T lymphocyte subsets, NK cells, and NK cell activity. Resalts There were no significant difference in the three groups in albumin and anthropomentric measurement, visceral proteins decreased in three groups in postoperative period, but the values of control group was more seriously than TPN or TEN groups (P<0.05). Mean nitrogen balance: - 8.6 ± 3.12g/day in control group, - 4.22 ± 2.02g/day in TPN group, - 3.88 ± 2.35g/day in TEN group (P<0.05). CD3 ,CD4 ,CD4/CD8, NK cells and NK cell activity decreased in postoperative period in three groups, but there are no significant ditference in three groups. Conelasions Enteral nutrition support at early period after gastroenteric operation is safety and effective.
ABSTRACT
To reduce the surgical complications and raise the successful rate of small intestinaltransplantation(SIT),32 rats received segmental isogenic SIT heterotopieally using modifiedMonehik and Russels'method with the successful rate being 96.9%.The survival rate of the ratsover 10 days was 81.25%with the longest survival over 500 days.It was indicated that those arethe keys of success of SIT such as adequate liquid supplement,excellent anastomosis of blood ves-sels and effective protection to the isograft,as well as the sterile principle and washing isograftregularly.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: To investigate the role of glutamine on splanchnic blood flow in SAP rats and underling mechanism. Methods: 32 rats were randomized divided into 2 groups:glutamine group(Gln group, n =16) and SAP group ( n =16).Jejunotomy was performed. Gln group received glutamine.SAP group received saline.All groups were subdivided into 2 groups.8 normal rats were used as the controls.At 12,24hours after the induction of SAP,8 rats in each group were sacrificed.Plasma glutamine concentrations were measured by HPLC.The regional pancreatic microvascular blood flow was measured by Dopplar ultrasound,the blood flow of portal vein,spleen artery and superior mesenteric artery was also measured. Results: Enterally administered Gln was well tolerated by the rats.There was an increase in plasma Gln levels after Gln supplementation on Gln group.The regional pancreatic microvascular blood flow decreased significantly in SAP group( P
ABSTRACT
Objectives:To study indications and contra indications of antibiotic lock technique in central venous catheter. Methods:Fifty patients with sepsis during use of central venous catheter were studied prospectively.The drug of ceftazidine(0.5 g) was instilled into the central line as a transient “lock”, together with mixed solution(5 ml) of normal saline and heparin sodium. Results:Twenty nine cases were proved to be catheter related sepsis.5 cases were treated by removal of infected catheter.Twenty four cases were treated by antibiotic lock technique.Out of 24,only 13 cases wee successful. Conclusions:Indications of antibiotic lock technique are as follows:① transient use when looking for source of infection, ② in patients with late stage tumor, ③inpatients with steady state of illness and ④patients receiving home parenteral nutrition.The contra indications include:①inpatients in unsteady state of illness,②for short term transfusion or parenteral nutrition, ③patients with compromised immune responsiveness,and ④with deteriorated state of an illness or the infections not controlled.
ABSTRACT
Objectives:To evaluate if the administration of an enteral diet supplemented with glutamine,arginine and ? 3 fatty acids modulate the inflammatory and immune responses and the outcome after surgery. Methods:A prospective,randomized,double blind and clinical trial was performed.Eighty eight patients with gastrointestinal cancer were randomly divided itnto two groups.One group was given an isocaloric and isonitrogenous standard diet and the other was fed with the supplemented diet with glutamine, arginine and ? 3 fatty acids.Feedings were started within 48 hour after operation, and continued until day 8.All variables were measured before operation and on postoperative day 1,4 and 8.Blood was drawn at different time points to assess albumin, prealbumin and transferring.Immune responses was determined by phagocytosis ability,respiratory burst of polymorphonuclear cells, total lymphocytes, lymphocyte subsets, nitric oxide,cytokine concentration,immunoglobins,and inflammatory responses by plasma levels of C reactive protein and prostaglandin E 2. Results:Tolerance of both formula diets was excellent.There were significant differences in the immunological and inflammatory responses between the two groups.In supplemented group,the serum concentrations of IgA,IgG,IgM,phagocytosis and respiratory burst after surgery were higher and C reactive protein level was lower( P
ABSTRACT
Objectives: To evaluate if the administration of an enteral diet supplemented with glutamine, arginine and ? 3 fatty acids modulates inflammatory and immune responses after surgery. Methods: Forty eight patients with gastrointestinal cancer randomised into two groups, one of which was given an isocaloric and isonitrogenous standard diet and the other group was fed the supplemented diet with glutamine, arginine and ? 3 fatty acids. The feeding was started within 48 hours after operation, and continued until day 8. All variables were measured before operation and on postoperative day 1 and 8. Immune response was determined by phagocytosis ability, respiratory burst of polymorphonuclear cells, total lymphocytes lymphocyte subsets, nitric oxide, cytokine concentration, and inflammatory responses by plasma levels of C reactive protein and prostaglandin E 2. Results:Tolerance of both formula diets was excellent. There were significant differences in the immunological and inflammatory responses between the two groups. In supplemented group, phagocytosis and respiratory burst after surgery were higher and C reactive protein level was lower ( P
ABSTRACT
Objectives:The purpose of this study was to measure the body composition of malnourished patients by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Methods:Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis in 68 malnourished patients and 78 healthy subjects. Results:The investigation showed that malnutrition patients were characterized by a depletion in fat mass,fat free mass, body cell mass,intracellular mass and an expansion of extracellular mass( P
ABSTRACT
Objectives:The purpose of this study was to measure the body composition of malnourished patients by dual energy X ray absorptiometry. Methods:Body composition was measured by dual energy X ray absorptiometry in 56 manlnourished patients and 72 healthy subjects. Results:Compared with control,patients had lost?(on average)?17.8?kg of body weight (P0.05). Conclusions: Reduced body weight in malnourished patients was due to loss of fat tissue and lean body mass.
ABSTRACT
Objective To construct MUC1-VNTR DNA vaccine pancreatic cancer. Methods The recombinant gene of VNTR was synthesized and cloned into MCS in the pcDNA3. 1/Myc-his ( + ) A vector. pcDNA3. 1-VNTR/Myc-his( + ) A was injected twice into C57BL/6( H-2b)female mice (V group, n = 15). Mice inoculated with either the empty plasmid vector ( D group, n = 15 ) or 0. 9% NaCl ( NS group, n, = 15) were used as control. Two weeks later, both humoral and cellular immunity of the mice were studied. Results The recombinant plasmid pcDNA3. 1 -VNTR/Myc-his ( + ) A encoded the whole exact translation frame region of the pcDNA3. 1/Myc-his ( + ) A vector and the recombinant gene of human VNTR. The transfected COS7 cells expressed transgene products at 48 hours after transfection. Intramuscular delivery of the recombinant plasmid into C57BL/6 mice resulted in more efficient induction of CTL lysis specific against VNTR polypeptide than the D group and the NS group (P
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the effect of insulin-like growth factorⅠ (IGFⅠ) on the adaptation of the small intestine in growth hormone (GH)-treated rats. Method 20 SD rats were randomized into GH group and STD group. Parenterally fed, short bowel rat models were established. The morphological changes of the intestinal mucosal epithelia were examined, serum GH, IGFⅠ concentrations were determined by RIA method. The local intestinal IGFⅠ mRNA was evaluated by Northern blot method. Result At the end of the study, mucosal thickness, villous height, crypt depth in GH group (471?16, 299?17, 161?20 ?m respectively) increased significantly compared to that in STD group (374?13, 212?19, 96?9 ?m respectively, all P
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the adaptive expression of brush-border disaccharidases in the residual digestive tract of rats following a total small bowel resection. Methods Mucosa was scraped off with a piece of glass from the colon,the cecum and the duodenum of the rats with a total small bowel resection (experimental group,n =10) and normal rats (control group,n =10). Diaccharidase activities were determined in accordance with the method of Dahlqvist. Results Specific activities and total activities of sucrase,maltase in the colon,the cecum and the duodenum in the experimental group were significantly greater than those in the control group( P 0.05). Conclusions Total small bowel resection caused significant adaptive expression of brush-border sucrase and maltase in the residual digestive tract in the rats after a total small bowel resection.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo study the metabolic changes and complications of a patient on long term home parenteral nutrition (HPN). MethodsClinical data were summarized on a female patient with total small bowel plus right colon resection receiving home parenteral nutrition support for 16 years. ResultsThe patient became pregnant on the 5th year of HPN, and gave birth to a healthy baby. Her liver function remains almost normal during the 16 years. Each central vein catheter averagely lasted for 240 days, with the longest one more than 26 months. Catheter related sepsis rate was very low. Several complications occurred during the 16 years, including anaemia, zinc deficiency and increased serum iron level. Lipid peroxidation increased significantly. ConclusionsLong-term HPN support patient could suffer many metabolic abnormalities complications. Catheter related sepsis and occlusion should be prevented. The HPN formula should be adjusted according to the patient′s condition.
ABSTRACT
Lipid emulsion, glucose, amino acids, electrolytes, vitamins and trace ele- ments were mixed in a definite order to prepare 10 different total nutrient admixture solutions. The pH and osmolality of these solutions did not change significantly during 14 days of storage at 4℃.Mean diameters of the lipid particles on different occasions for the different solutions varied from 0.3135?0.1012?m to 0.4813?0.1893 ?m. 94.93% of particles were less than 0.6 ?m, and none greater than 6?m. Cultures were all negative.74 patients received 1,796 such infusions. No adverse clinical reactions or abnormal laboratory parameters were observed. Patients on treatment for more than one week showed improved nitrogen balances. Serum transferrin and albumin were increased to varying levels when treatment was for more than two weeks.