Enhanced alcohol degradation and hepatic protective effects of an Acetobacter Pasteurianus-derived product, CureZyme-ACE, in an acute intoxication rat model / 한국실험동물학회지

Excessive alcohol consumption induces acute intoxication and various hepatic diseases. In this study, we investigated the effect of the CureZyme-ACE (CA), Acetobacter Pasteurianus (AP)-derived product, in acute intoxication rats. The ethanol and acetaldehyde levels of serum were lower in rats treated with CA than those who only treated ethanol. The activities of alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase also recovered faster in the CA group than only-ethanol group. The transaminase levels (AST, ALT) in the CA group were significantly lower than only-ethanol group. In addition, Hepatic histological analyses and stomach wall were demonstrated that the CA-treated group recovered faster than only-ethanol group. With regard to most characteristics, we found that CA had dose-dependent effects. At high concentrations of CA, there were no differences in the tested parameters compared to those of normal rats. These findings indicate that CA reduces the serum alcohol concentration and some of the hepatic damage caused by alcohol intoxication.

Application of mesenchymal stem cells as a vehicle to deliver replication-competent adenovirus for treating malignant glioma / 癌症

Although gene therapy was regarded as a promising approach for glioma treatment, its therapeutic efficacy was often disappointing because of the lack of efficient drug delivery systems. Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) have been reported to have a tropism for brain tumors and thus could be used as delivery vehicles for glioma therapy. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to treat glioma by using MSCs as a vehicle for delivering replication-competent adenovirus. We firstly compared the infectivity of type 3, type 5, and type 35 fiber-modified adenoviruses in MSCs. We also determined suitable adenovirus titer in vitro and then used this titer to analyze the ability of MSCs to deliver replication-competent adenovirus into glioma in vivo. Our results indicated that type 35 fiber-modified adenovirus showed higher infectivity than did naked type 3 or type 5 fiber-modified adenovirus. MSCs carrying replication-competent adenovirus significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo compared with other control groups. In conclusion, MSCs are an effective vehicle that can successfully transport replication-competent adenovirus into glioma, making it a potential therapeutic strategy for treating malignant glioma.

Research development of scaffolds for engineering cartilage / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Transplantation of engineering cartilage is a better choice for the treatment of articular cartilage lesions.Constructing engineering cartilage needs seeded cells and scaffold materials.The property of scaffold materials has a great influence on the biomechanical features of engineering cartilage.A variety of materials can be used for constructing engineering cartilaginous framework.Exploring the research development of scaffold materials and comparing the effects of their clinical applications is of great significance for further improvement of biomechanical characteristics of the engineering cartilage.

The Effects of Intrathecal Adenosine A1 Receptor Agonists (R-PIA) on the Morphine Tolerance in a Rat Model of Postoperative Pain / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Analgesic tolerance to opioids has been described in both experimental and clinical conditions, which may limit their clinical utility. This study investigated the effects of intrathecal adenosine A1 receptor agonist (R-PIA) on spinal morphine tolerance. METHODS: SD rats were given intrathecal injections of saline 10microliter, R-PIA 10microgram, morphine 10microgram, or R-PIA plus morphine combinations for 7 days (R-PIA given for days 1-7; days 1-3; or days 5-7). Antiallodynic testing using von Frey filaments was carried out before and 30 minutes after the drug injection. On day 8, an antiallodynic dose-response curve was constructed and the 50% effective dose (ED(50)) for morphine (given alone) was calculated for each study group. RESULTS: The coinjection group of R-PIA with morphine blocked the development of tolerance, as shown by the preservation of morphine antiallodynia over 7 days the concomitant decrease in the ED(50) values on day 8, compared with the morphine-alone group. Although additive analgesia over days 1-7 cannot be ruled out, the reductions of the ED(50) in the R-PIA and morphine combination group suggest some suppression of tolerance. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that intrathecal R-PIA prevents the development of spinal opioid tolerance. Future studies will be needed to examine the respective roles of supraspinal and peripheral sites of R-PIA and morphine interaction, and to investigate the mechanisms underlying the action of R-PIA on opioid tolerance.

Changes in Jugular Venous Oxygen Saturation during Liver Transplantation / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Marked changes in systemic hemodynamics during liver transplantation may lead to changes in cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism. Therefore, continuous monitoring of the jugular venous oxygen saturation (SjvO2) may help the anesthetic management of liver transplantation. METHODS: We observed changes in SjvO2 using a double lumen oximetry catheter for continuous monitoring and analyzed the correlation between SjvO2 and hemodynamic measurements in thirty patients undergoing liver transplantation. RESULTS: There were no significant changes in SjvO2 compared to initial SjvO2 during liver transplantation. SjvO2, however, increased from 72.5 to 79.6 % (P < 0.05), before and after reperfusion. There was a weak correlation between changes in SjvO2 and cardiac output (r = 0.38, P < 0.05), whereas no correlation was found among changes in SjvO2 and arterial carbon dioxide tension, mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, or mixed venous oxygen saturation before and after reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS: SjvO2 that reflects changes in cerebral oxygen demand-supply balance was well maintained during liver transplantation except the reperfusion period. Continuous monitoring of changes in SjvO2 at this period may provide further insight to understand physiology of cerebral oxygenation during liver transplantation and merits further studies.

The Extraction Method of Bacterial DNA from Activated Sludges / 中国生物工程杂志

Methods for studying the population diversity of microorganism in activated sludge usually require enrichment of bacterial genome.The efficient information on microbial species composition provided and shifted in diversity revealed are dependent on the effective DNA recovery technique.The method was based on washing by alkaline phosphate buffer and digestion with extended heating of the activated sludge suspension in the presence of lysozyme and freeze-thawing in high-salt-SDS buffer.The extraction was tested for four activated sludge differing in places and dates.The DNA fragment from all sludge was integrity.DNA yields ranged from 105 to 823 ?g/g sludge and were of sufficient purity for PCR-based 16S ribosomal DNA analysis and restriction digested.In general,all methods produced DNA pure were not enough for PCR amplification and libraries construction.As basis of experimental goals,the study provides an appropriate extraction method of microbial DNA in sludge.

A Speedy Extraction Method for Bacterial Chromosomal DNA / 中国生物工程杂志

How to get functional gene from uncultured-microbiology is the hotspot content of microbial ecology. What the most important is how to obtain the pure and integrated genomic DNA. An efficient, nonselective extraction method to gain chromosomal DNA from eight kinds of bacteria was introduced. Amount DNA released by hot-detergent gave the highest DNA yields from different G + and G- bacteria. Running 20 hours by PFGE mode, the size of total DNA is over 23kb. The pure DNA could be digested by Hind Ⅲ and used in PCR. The total environmental DNA also can be extracted from soil by the same method. As a result it showed a new way for the environmental DNA extraction.

Abnormal BIS and Cerebral Oxygen Saturation during Mitral Valvuloplasty following Reversible Visual Loss in Postoperative Period: A case report / 대한마취과학회지

Cerebral complication after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass varies widely focal neurologic deficit, stupor, coma, dementia, memory deficit, or seizures. The incidence of visual loss from ischemic optic neuropathy is from 0.06% to 0.113%. Visual loss is a rare but devastating complication of cardiac surgery. This report describes a patient who had reversible visual loss in postoperative period. She had undergone the decrease of bispectral index, cerebral oxygen saturation and the increase of suppression ratio during mitral valvuloplasty.

Inhibitory effect of kaempferol against binding of platelet activating factor to its receptor / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonistic effect of kaempferol.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The specific binding of [3H] PAF to rabbit platelet receptor was investigatedwith radio ligand binding assay (RLBA). Platelet adhesion induced by PAF was measured with spectrophotometry. The elevation of inner free calcium concentration in rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) induced by PAF was determined with Fura-2 fluorescent technique.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The 1, 2 or 4 nmol x L(-1) [3H]PAF specific binding to rabbit platelet receptor was inhibited by Kae dosage dependently and the IC50 were 30.8, 74.6 and 92.0 micro mol x L(-1), respectively. The PAF induced reactions of rabbit platelet adhesion and PMNs inner free calcium concentration elevation were inhibited by Kae in a dose-dependent manner. The IC50 of Kae to inhibit platelet adhesion was 65 micromol x L(-1).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Kae is effective in inhibiting the action of PAF and it is a new PAF receptor antagonist.</p>

Antagonistic effect of myricetin on platelet activing factor / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the antagonistic effect of myricetin on platelet activing factor (PAF).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The specific binding of [3H] PAF to rabbit platelet receptor was investigated using radio ligand binding assay (RLBA). Platelet adhesion induced by PAF was measured with spectrophotometry. The elevation of inner free calcium concentration in rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) induced by PAF was assayed by Fura-2 fluorescent technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The specific binding inhibition potency of Myr was found to be concentration-dependent. The IC50 of Myr in [3H] PAF 1, 2 and 4 nmol.L-1 were 34.8, 85.7 and 118.6 mumol.L-1, respectively. The PAF induced reactions of rabbit platelet adhesion and PMNs inner free calcium concentration increase were inhibited by Myr in a dose-dependent manner. The IC50 of Myr to inhibit platelet adhesion was 13.1 mumol.L-1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The specific receptor binding of PAF can be antagonized by myricetin.</p>

Antagonistic effect of hydroxysafflor yellow A on the platelet activating factor receptor / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To observe the antagonistic effect of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) on the platelet activating factor (PAF).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Washed rabbit platelet (WRP) aggregation and rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) aggregation induced by PAF were observed by turbidimetric assay in vitro. The PAF receptor antagonistic effect of HSYA was investigated by radio ligand binding assay (RLBA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In RLBA the specific binding inhibition effect of HSYA was found to be concentration-dependent in three different [3H]PAF concentrations. In the experiments, WRP aggregation and rabbit PMNs aggregation induced by PAF (9.55 x 10(-10), 9.55 x 10(-6) mol.L-1) were both inhibited by HSYA in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. The IC50 of HSYA to inhibit WRP and rabbit PMNs aggregation was 0.99 and 0.70 mmol.L-1, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The PAF receptor binding can be antagonized by HSYA.</p>

Clonality of Large Regenerative Nodule Accompanied by Hepatocellular Carcinoma

In order to clarify the preneoplastic nature of large regenerative nodules without dysplastic change, we analysed the clonality of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and large nodules, diameter > or =0.5 cm, of cirrhotic liver by X-linked human androgen receptor (HUMARA) gene assay, using the principle of random X chromosome methylation and inactivation in female. Ten cases of HCC and 5 cases of large nodules without dysplasia from 9 female patients were selected. All the tumors, large nodules and paired normal control cells were selectively microdissected from deparaffinized hematoxylin and eosin stained slides. Genomic DNA was isolated and digested with HhaI. Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) amplication of the HUMARA locus was performed using 32P-a-dCTP containing PCR mixtures. The PCR amplified products were separated by gel electrophoresis and analysed by autoradiography. Nine HCCs from 8 patients were monoclonal and 1 case was polyclonal and the remaining 1 case was not polymorphic at the HUMARA locus. The HCC case which showed polyclonality contained many inflammatory cells. All the large nodules were polyclonal by HUMARA assay. These results suggest that all or most of the cells composing the large regenerative nodules without dysplasia are polyclonal. This assay may be informative for the differentiation between regenerative and preneoplastic nodules in cirrhotic liver and the size of nodule may be not important in hepatocarcinogenesis.

The Effect of Tamoxifen and Pentosan Polysulfate on the Microvessel Density and Cell Proliferation of Dimethylbenzanthracene-Induced Rat Mammary Carcinoma

Antiestrogen tamoxifen (TMX) is thought to elicit its therapeutic effect by competing with endogenous estrogens for the estrogen receptor. Several more recent studies asserted that the antitumor effect of TMX is not due solely to the inhibition of estrogen receptor-mediated action, but due partly to its capacity to inhibit angiogenesis and impair neovascularization. Despite extensive research and clinical experience with this drug, its exact mode of action in inducing tumor regression is still not clear. The present study is aimed toward the investigation of the effects of TMX on dimethylbenzanthracene- induced rat mammary carcinomas with respect to the tumor response to the drugs, histological changes, cell proliferative acitivity and angiogenesis inhibition, and if TMX has antiangiogenic action, to compare it with that of pentosan polysulfate (PPS), an already known antiangiogenic substance. Female Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 50 days, were divided into normal control, test control (tumor induction by dimethylbenzanthracene), TMX (TMX administration after tumor induction), and PPS (PPS administration after tumor induction) groups. Tumor response to the drug administration was classified according to changes of tumor volume as follows; complete response (CR), partial response (PR), no response (NR), and progressive disease (PD). The response rate of rat mammary carcinomas to the drug administration was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the TMX and PPS groups as compared with the test control group. There was, however, no statistical significance between the TMX and PPS groups. Necrosis was considerably frequent in tumors of the TMX and PPS groups. Hyaline change of the stroma was strikingly more common and marked in the TMX group and it was associated with atrophy of epithelial cells of the tumor glands. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)- labeling index of the tumors was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the tumors with NR and PD of the TMX group when compared with those with PR of the same group, which suggested a higher cell proliferative activity in these response groups. In the PPS group, however, there was no significant difference in PCNA index according to response. Microvessel density of the tumors was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the PPS group as compared with the test control and TMX groups and it was not related with response. The TMX group, however, did not show any significant difference in microvessel density when compared with the test control group. Microvessel density was significantly higher (p<0.05) in tumors with PD than those with PR in all 3 groups, which suggested a positive relation of increase in tumor size and angiogenesis. Based on these results it is thought that TMX and PPS inhibit growth of chemically-induced rat mammary carcinomas. It seems that the antitumor action of PPS is related with its antiangiogenic capability, but that of TMX does not have a relationship with angiogenenesis inhibition.