Clinical characteristics of influenza virus infection and risk factors analysis of severe cases in children / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics and laboratory examinations of hospitalized children with influenza, and improve medical personal awareness of severe influenza.Methods:Data of inpatients with influenza from November 2018 to February 2019 at Shenzhen Children′s Hospital was collected, and the clinical characteristics and laboratory examinations were statistical analyzed.Results:Of the 702 cases, 464(66.1%) cases were mild influenza, and 238 cases(33.9%)were severe influenza; the median age was 3.8 years, and 457(65.1%) cases were 0 to 5 years old.The number of patients with basic diseases and wheezing symptoms in the severe group was more than those in the mild group, with statistically significant differences(all P<0.05). The white blood cell count, percentage of neutrophils, neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio(NLR), C-reactive protein and procalcitonin in the severe group were higher than those in the mild group, while the percentage of lymphocytes was lower than that in the mild group(all P<0.05). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that underlying diseases, wheezing and NLR were risk factors for severe influenza.The area under the curve of NLR for severe influenza was 0.574, whose best cutoff value was 1.43. Conclusion:Influenza virus infection among children is mainly influenza A, and mostly affected children are under 5 years old.The blood routine of children with severe influenza mostly showes increased white blood cell, mainly neutrophils increased significantly, and increased C-reactive protein and procalcitonin.Children with underlying diseases, wheezing symptoms during the course of the disease, and elevated NLR are more likely to progress to severe cases, and NLR cannot be used as a independent predictor of severe influenza.

Exosomes from salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma promote the expression of PD-L1 in fibroblasts / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@# Objective: To investigate the effect of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) derived exosomes on PD-L1 expression in fibroblasts. Methods: Exosomes of SACC-83 cell line were extracted by exosome isolation kit, and its particle size, density and phenotypes were identified by electron microscope.After being labeled with PKH67 fluorescence, exosomes were co-incubated with HPLF to observe whether the exosomes could be ingested by fibroblasts under confocal microscope. After co-incubation with the exosomes, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HPLF cells were detected by whole transcriptome sequencing. GO analysis together with KEGG enrichment analysis was used to clarify the biological functions and related signaling pathways related with the DEGs. qPCR, Western blotting and Flow cytometry were used to detect the effect of tumor exosomes on the mRNAand protein expressions of PD-L1, LAG3 and IDO1 in HPLF fibroblasts. Results: SACC exosomes specifically expressed CD63, CD81 and TSG101 molecules, and could be ingested by fibroblasts. After the treatment of fibroblasts by exosomes, the expression of PD-L1 molecule was significantly up-regulated (Fold change=10.19), and the DEGs were significantly enriched in the immune response signaling pathways, such as TNF, NF-κB and cGAS-String pathway, etc. In vitro experiments showed that exosomes could significantly promote the expression of PD-L1 in HPLF cells at both mRNA and protein levels (24.7±4.75 vs 1.03±0.11,P<0.05). Conclusion: Exosomes of SACC can promote the expression of immunocheckpoint ligand PD-L1 in fibroblasts.

Identification and Characterization of Gonatobotryum apiculatum CausingLeaf Spot and Blight on Sinowilsonia henryi

Sinowilsonia henryi is a rare and endangered plant, as well as an endemic species in China.In July 2018, leaf spot and blight disease was observed on S. henryi in Yichang, Hubei,China. A fungus isolated from disease tissues was identified as Gonatobotryum apiculatumbased on morphology and sequence analyses of ITS and LSU regions. Phylogenetic analysesindicated that the species belongs to Dothioraceae (Dothideales). Morphologically, the speciesproduced two distinct types of conidia from authentic media, both conidia weredescribed here. Pathogenicity tests showed that the fungus is a pathogen causing leaf spotson S. henryi. This is the first report of leaf spot and blight disease on S. henryi caused byG. apiculatum in China.

Clinical features of 42 cases of COVID-19 / 上海预防医学

Objective To investigate the clinical features, laboratory findings, chest CT findings and treatment of patients with COVID-19, and to analyze their relationship with prognosis. Methods From January to February 2020, the clinical data on the 42 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the Wenzhou Sixth People′s Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Results The clinical symptoms of the 42 cases included fever (35 cases), cough (26 cases), fatigue (14 cases), aspiration (9 cases), sore throat (4 cases), muscle ache (5 cases), headache (2 cases), nausea (4 cases), diarrhea (6 cases) and abdominal pain (1 case).The absolute number of blood lymphocyte decreased to different degrees in 22 cases.Fourteen cases had lactate dehydrogenase obviously, with no obvious change in procalcitonin.The imaging manifestations were cloud-like and ground-glass-like high density shadows scattered outside the lungs, small flaky consolidation and bronchus inflating sign were seen locally.A few images showed diffuse high density, most of the lesions showed consolidation or striate change, and local fibrosis was formed in the lower lobes of both lungs. Conclusion Fever and cough are the first symptoms of COVID-19, and a few cases are associated with shortness of breath and diarrhea, accompanied by different degrees of systemic symptoms, but most of the patients improve their conditions after active antivirus, anti-infection, systematic symptoms improvement and supportive treatment.The disease is highly infectious and its condition changes rapidly.Therefore, early detection, early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment of the whole body as soon as possible are the keys to treatment.

Identification and Characterization of Gonatobotryum apiculatum CausingLeaf Spot and Blight on Sinowilsonia henryi

Sinowilsonia henryi is a rare and endangered plant, as well as an endemic species in China.In July 2018, leaf spot and blight disease was observed on S. henryi in Yichang, Hubei,China. A fungus isolated from disease tissues was identified as Gonatobotryum apiculatumbased on morphology and sequence analyses of ITS and LSU regions. Phylogenetic analysesindicated that the species belongs to Dothioraceae (Dothideales). Morphologically, the speciesproduced two distinct types of conidia from authentic media, both conidia weredescribed here. Pathogenicity tests showed that the fungus is a pathogen causing leaf spotson S. henryi. This is the first report of leaf spot and blight disease on S. henryi caused byG. apiculatum in China.

Correlation Between RhoA Gene in Wnt/PCP Signaling Pathway and Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome of AECOPD / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To investigate the correlation between Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) gene in Wnt/PCP signaling pathway and acute exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome, attempting to provide an objective standard for the diagnosis of AECOPD TCM syndrome. Method: The 100 AECOPD patients were collected and divided into 5 groups:phlegm turbid obstructing lung syndrome,, phlegm-heat obstructing lung syndrome, syndrome of orifices confused by phlegm, deficiency of pulmonary and renal Qi, and edema due to yang deficiency, with 20 people in each group. 15 normal people were selected as a normal control group. All patients received fasting hemospasia, using a kit to extract blood total RibonucleicA(RNA) according to instructions. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) was adopted to detect the mRNA expression of RhoA gene in blood of patients with AECOPD TCM syndrome, and to explore the correlation. Result: There was no difference between phlegm-heat obstructing lung syndrome group and syndrome of orifices confused by phlegm group. The mRNA expression of RhoA gene in phlegm turbid obstructing lung syndrome group, phlegm-heat obstructing lung syndrome group, syndrome of orifices confused by phlegm group, deficiency of pulmonary and renal Qi group, and edema due to Yang deficiency group were significantly higher than that in normal group (PConclusion: The significant difference in mRNA relative expression of RhoA gene in Wnt/PCP signaling pathway among the five AECOPD TCM syndrome groups may provide some objective diagnostic criteria for AECOPD TCM syndromes and reveal their disease severity.

Risk Factors for Recurrence of Ovarian Endometriosis in Chinese Patients Aged 45 and Over / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Background</b>When considering the issue of recurrence, perimenopausal women may have more dilemma during management comparing with young women, for example, whether to retain the uterus and ovary during surgery, whether it is necessary to add adjuvant medicine treatment after operation, and there is no evidence for reference about using of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist. This study aimed to study the risk factors for the recurrence of ovarian endometriosis (EM) in patients aged 45 and over.</p><p><b>Methods</b>This is a retrospective nested case-control study. We reviewed the medical records of patients aged over 45 years who underwent surgical treatments for ovarian EM from 1994 to 2014, in Peking Union Medical College Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. By following up to January 2016, 45 patients were found to have relapses and regarded as the recurrence group. The patients with no recurrence during the same follow-up period were randomly selected by the ratio of 1:4 as the nonrecurrence group (180 patients in total). Stratified Cox regression was used to analyze the risk factors of the recurrence.</p><p><b>Results</b>Univariate analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the postoperative treatment (the percentage of patients who received postoperative treatment in non-recurrence group and recurrence group, 23.9% vs. 40.0%, χ = 4.729, P = 0.030) and ovarian preservation (the percentage of patients who received surgery of ovarian preservation in non-recurrence group and recurrence group, 25.0 % vs. 44.4%, χ = 19.462, P < 0.001) between the nonrecurrence group and the recurrence group. There was no correlation between recurrence and the following factors including patient's age, menarche age, gravidity, parity, CA125 level, ovarian lesions, menopausal status, combined benign gynecological conditions (such as myoma and adenomyoma) and endometrial abnormalities, and surgical approach or surgical staging (all P > 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that whether to retain the ovary was the only independent risk factor of recurrence for patients aged 45 years and over with ovarian EM (odds ratio: 5.594, 95% confidence interval: 1.919-16.310, P = 0.002).</p><p><b>Conclusion</b>Ovarian preservation might be the only independent risk factor of recurrence for patients aged 45 years and over with ovarian EM.</p>

Priming mechanism for the apoptosis of corneal endothelial cells induced by high pressure / 眼科新进展

Objective To investigate the initiation pathway of corneal endothelial cell apoptosis induced by high-pression.Methods Primary rabbit corneal endothelial cells were identified by immunohistochemistry and cultured under high pressure 50 mmHg (1 kPa =7.5 mmHg) for 1 h,2 h,24 h,respectively,while cells cultured under the normal pressure 15 mmHg served as the normal pression group.In addition,the first generation of rabbits corneal endothelial ceils with 70％ to 80％ fusion were pretreated with 10-6 mol · L-1 anti-Caspase 8 and anti-Caspase 9 for lh,followed by 50 mmHg pression for the treatment of the cells;while cells cultured with no inhibitor in the same pression served as the control group.Then the expression of P53 and Bcl-2 protein was detected by Western blot,and cytochrome C in rabbit corneal endothelial cells was determined by immunofluorescence staining in all groups.Results The expression levels of P53 in the 50 mmHg group were 0.651 +0.007,0.805 ±0.006 and 0.839 ±0.011 after 1 h,2 h,24 h high-pression respectively,which were significantly higher than those in the normal pressure group (0.033 ± 0.004),and the difference approached statistical significance (all P ＜ 0.01).The expression of P53 protein in corneal endothelial cells gradually increased as time went on,and the difference was statistically significant between each two time-points (all P ＜ 0.01).Moreover,the expression of Bcl-2 in the 50 mmHg pressure group was 0.590 ± 0.009,0.724 ± 0.005 and 0.34 ± 0.016,respectively,which was higher than that in the normal pressure group (0.081 ±0.013),with signifi cant difference (all P ＜ 0.01),and the difference approached statistical significance between each two time points in this group (all P ＜ 0.01).The expression level of P53 in anti-Caspase 9 and anti-Caspase 8 group was 0.535 ± 0.007 and 0.703 ± 0.010,respectively,which was significantly lower than that in the control group (0.727 ± 0.021),and the difference was statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.01).The expression of Bcl2 was 0.312 ± 0.003 and 0.442 ± 0.011,respectively,which were significantly lower than that in the control group (0.501 ± 0.011),with statistical difference (P ＜ 0.01).Finally,the expression of P53 and Bcl-2 in anti-Caspase 9 group was lower than that of anti-Caspase 8 group (P ＜ 0.01),indicating that anti-Caspase 9 had more enhanced inhibitory effect on the apoptosis of corneal endothelial cells than anti-Caspase 8.Conclusion AntiCaspase 9 inhibitor could effectively block the corneal endothelial cell apoptosis induced by high pressure.And the damage from high pressure on corneal endothelial cells mainly triggers the release of cytochrome C from chondriosome to activate the endogenous enzyme linked apoptotic pathway in which Caspase 9 involves.

Priming mechanism for the apoptosis of corneal endothelial cells induced by high pressure / 眼科新进展

Objective To investigate the initiation pathway of corneal endothelial cell apoptosis induced by high-pression.Methods Primary rabbit corneal endothelial cells were identified by immunohistochemistry and cultured under high pressure 50 mmHg (1 kPa =7.5 mmHg) for 1 h,2 h,24 h,respectively,while cells cultured under the normal pressure 15 mmHg served as the normal pression group.In addition,the first generation of rabbits corneal endothelial ceils with 70％ to 80％ fusion were pretreated with 10-6 mol · L-1 anti-Caspase 8 and anti-Caspase 9 for lh,followed by 50 mmHg pression for the treatment of the cells;while cells cultured with no inhibitor in the same pression served as the control group.Then the expression of P53 and Bcl-2 protein was detected by Western blot,and cytochrome C in rabbit corneal endothelial cells was determined by immunofluorescence staining in all groups.Results The expression levels of P53 in the 50 mmHg group were 0.651 +0.007,0.805 ±0.006 and 0.839 ±0.011 after 1 h,2 h,24 h high-pression respectively,which were significantly higher than those in the normal pressure group (0.033 ± 0.004),and the difference approached statistical significance (all P ＜ 0.01).The expression of P53 protein in corneal endothelial cells gradually increased as time went on,and the difference was statistically significant between each two time-points (all P ＜ 0.01).Moreover,the expression of Bcl-2 in the 50 mmHg pressure group was 0.590 ± 0.009,0.724 ± 0.005 and 0.34 ± 0.016,respectively,which was higher than that in the normal pressure group (0.081 ±0.013),with signifi cant difference (all P ＜ 0.01),and the difference approached statistical significance between each two time points in this group (all P ＜ 0.01).The expression level of P53 in anti-Caspase 9 and anti-Caspase 8 group was 0.535 ± 0.007 and 0.703 ± 0.010,respectively,which was significantly lower than that in the control group (0.727 ± 0.021),and the difference was statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.01).The expression of Bcl2 was 0.312 ± 0.003 and 0.442 ± 0.011,respectively,which were significantly lower than that in the control group (0.501 ± 0.011),with statistical difference (P ＜ 0.01).Finally,the expression of P53 and Bcl-2 in anti-Caspase 9 group was lower than that of anti-Caspase 8 group (P ＜ 0.01),indicating that anti-Caspase 9 had more enhanced inhibitory effect on the apoptosis of corneal endothelial cells than anti-Caspase 8.Conclusion AntiCaspase 9 inhibitor could effectively block the corneal endothelial cell apoptosis induced by high pressure.And the damage from high pressure on corneal endothelial cells mainly triggers the release of cytochrome C from chondriosome to activate the endogenous enzyme linked apoptotic pathway in which Caspase 9 involves.

Clinical observation of external dacryocystorhinostomy without packing anastomosis cavity / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To find an efficient and simple surgical procedure of the external dacryocystorhinostomy ( EXT- DCR) in the treatment of chronic dacryocystitis. METHODS:A total of 270 cases were performed in this retrospective study. A comparison of clinical effects and hemorrhage complications between the experimental group, in which 189 eyes of 167 patients that underwent traditional EXT-DCR without packing, and the control group, in which 121 eyes of 103 patients that underwent traditional EXT-DCR with Vaseline gauze were performed. The postoperative follow-up ranged from 6 to 36mo ( the mean follow-up was 15±3. 6mo). RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the curative rates between the two groups (97. 9% vs 97. 5%, P>0. 05). But the incidence rate of moderate or severe postoperative nasal bleeding was lower in the experimental group (15. 9%, 30 eyes) than the control group (31. 4%, 38 eyes) and PCONLUSION: The traditional EXT - DCR without packingis an effective procedure and is more effective in reducing moderate or severe postoperative bleeding when the intraoperative anastomose and the postoperative drainage are well done and the intraoperative bleeding is well controlled.

Insulin-like signaling pathway functions in integrative response to an olfactory and a gustatory stimuli in Caenorhabditis elegans

Animals integrate various environmental stimuli within the nervous system to generate proper behavioral responses. However, the underlying neural circuits and molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. The insulin-like signaling pathway is known to regulate dauer formation, fat metabolism, and longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. Elegans). Here, we show that this highly conserved signaling pathway also functions in the integrative response to an olfactory diacetyl and a gustatory Cu(2+) stimuli. Worms of wild-type N2 Bristol displayed a strong avoidance to the Cu(2+) barrier in the migration pathway to the attractive diacetyl. Mutants of daf-2 (insulin receptor), daf-18 (PTEN lipid phosphatase), pdk-1 (phosphoinositide-dependent kinase), akt-1/-2 (Akt/PKB kinase) and sgk-1 (serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase) show severe defects in the elusion from the Cu(2+). Mutations in DAF-16, a forkhead-type transcriptional factor, suppress the integrative defects of daf-2 and akt-1/-2 mutants. We further report that neither cGMP nor TGFβ pathways, two other dauer formation regulators, likely plays a role in the integrative learning. These results suggest that the insulin-like signaling pathway constitutes an essential component for sensory integration and decision-making behavior plasticity.

HPLC tandem-mass spectrometric analysis of the chemical components and decomposition products of allicin extract of garlic / 药学学报

To analyze the chemical components and decomposition products in allicin extract of garlic, the chemical components screening and identification were made with HPLC-MS/MS method by full scan TIC MS, HPLC retention time, product MS spectra and chemical reference standards. The stability of the extract in water and alcoholic solutions was also investigated. There were five major components in allicin extract which were all identified as thiosulfinates. The extract was stable for at least 3 months when stored at -20 degrees C as water solution, but obvious decomposition was observed with the increase of alcoholic concentration. The decomposition products were also identified by HPLC-MS/MS.

Metabonomic study on the effects of allicin on rats / 药学学报

To investigate the effects of allicin on rats by NMR-based metabonomic method, the changes of endogenous metabolites in normal rat urine and the influences on metabolism were analyzed with bio-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) after intraperitoneal administration of allicin solution. The identified biochemical effects associated with allicin dosing included elevated then gradually recovered urinary levels of Kreb's cycle intermediates, such as citrate, alpha-ketoglutarate and succinate and increased concentrations of ketones. Meanwhile, decreased urinary concentrations of glucose, lactate, alanine, hippurate and trimethylamine oxide were observed. The PLS-DA revealed that the metabonomic profiles of allicin treated groups were obviously different from those of the control group. Allicin may change metabolism significantly in normal rats. The study of the pharmacologic mechanism of allicin by metabonomic method is practicable and it could be explored further.

Treatment of chronic prostatitis in Chinese men / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

The aim of this study is to assess the status of treatment of chronic prostatitis (CP) in Chinese men. A population-based cross-sectional survey was performed, in which 15 000 men aged between 15 and 60 years were randomly selected to receive a questionnaire designed to assess National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptoms Index (NIH-CPSI) status, therapeutic efficacy and 28 other items. A total of 12 743 men (84.95%) completed the questionnaire, of whom 1 071 (8.4%) were identified as having prostatitis-like symptoms and 517 (4.5%) were diagnosed with CP according to NIH-CPSI criteria and prostatitis-like symptomatology. Of the CP patients, 372 (65%) underwent long-term routine treatment 12 times per year. Additionally, 217 (72.8%) patients received antibiotic therapy and 215 (79.3%) men showed therapeutic effects. The treatment cost USD 1 151 (8 059 yuan) per person per year on average. Most CP patients received routine treatment, in most cases with antibiotics. Treatment was costly and most CP patients were not satisfied with its effectiveness. Antibacterial treatment might have been effective primarily in patients with bacterial disease.

Related substances in purified alliin determined by HPLC-MS/MS / 药学学报

To study the related substances in purified alliin, HPLC-MS/MS method carried out on a Phenomenex NH2 column was used for screen and identification of the related substances with full scan MS spectra determination of their [M + H] + ions and then the analyses of the retention time, product MS spectra and/or chemical reference standards. The full scan HPLC-MS chromatogram showed that there were seven major related substances in the purified alliin and their m/z of the [M + H] + ions with increasing retention were 116, 133, 147, 152, 175, 178 and 178, separately. And they were identified as proline, asparagine, glutamine, methiin, arginine, isoalliin and cycloalliin (both were isomers of alliin), respectively. The major related substances in purified alliin are amino acids, homologen and the isomers of alliin.

Photo-degradation products of 1-1-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)ethyl-2-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline hydrobromide / 药学学报

To study the photo-degradation products of 1-[1-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl) ethyl]-2-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline hydrobromide (code designation: P91024). The chemical structures of the major photo-degradation products of P91024 were identified by HPLC-MS and spectroscopic methods, and their reference substances were also synthesized for confirmation. The three major photo-degradation products were identified to be N-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxyl-3, 4-dihydroisoquinoline bromide, 1-[1-(6-methoxyl-2-naphthyl) ethyl]-6, 7-dimethoxyl-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroisoquinoline and 2-isopropyl-6-methoxyl-naphthalene, respectively.

Metabolites of 1-(1-(6-methoxyl-2-naphthyl)ethyl)-2-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline hydrobromide in rat by LC-MS/MS method / 药学学报

To investigate the principal metabolites of 1-(1-(6-methoxyl-2-naphthyl) ethyl)-2-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline hydrobromide (code designation: P91024) in rats after ig administration by LC-MS/MS, the phase I metabolites were discovered by comparing the fullscan and SIM chromatograms of the test samples with the corresponding blanks. The structures of phase I metabolites were identified by ESI-MS spectra and the product spectra of the corresponding adduct ions. The phase II metabolites were identified in the test samples after the phase I metabolites were completely removed with solvent extraction and then treated with glucuronidase for enzymolysis of phase II glucuronide conjugates and the hydrolysates. Two phase I metabolites of P91024 were identified in rat feces, one phase I and five phase II in bile, one phase I and three phase II in urine, and four phase I and one phase II in plasma. Their structures were elucidated, separately. P91024 was extensively metabolized in rat. The metabolites can be easily screened and identified by LC-MS/MS method.

Potassium channel blocker regulates the proliferation of prostatic epithelial cells in SD rats / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the regulatory effect of potassium channel blocker (tetraethylammonium [TEA], aminopyridine [4-AP], glibenclamide [Glib]) on the proliferation of SD rat prostatic epithelial cells in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The primary culture was prepared by collagenase dissociation of minced prostatic tissues. Cells were cultured in serum-free prostate epithelial cell growth media and identified by immunocytochemical studies. TEA and 4-AP at the concentration of 1, 5 and 10 mmol/L and Glib at the concentration of 10, 50 and 100 mol/L were added, and after 24, 48 and 72 hours of culturing, a cell column diagram was drawn and the cell number counted. The post-passage cell growth was observed by MTT assay and Hoechst33258 nucleus staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cultured cells showed the typical morphological features of epithelia, with positive stain. MTT assay and Hoechst33258 staining showed that TEA, 4-AP and Glib at the increasing concentration effected different degrees of proliferation of prostatic epithelial cells after 24, 48 and 72 h (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The potassium channel blocker is a direct physiological regulator of the proliferation of SD rat prostatic epithelial cells.</p>

Pharmacokinetic interactions between the main components in the extracts of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. in rat / 药学学报

The pharmacokinetics of the main components of protocatechualdehyde, salvianolic acid B, tanshinone II(A), cryptotanshinone, and the hydrophilic or lipophilic extracts of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge., in rat plasma were studied after oral administration separately to explore the interactions between them. Some components in the hydrophilic extract depress the absorption of the protocatechualdehyde, on the contrary, enhance the absorption of the salvianolic acid B and depress its elimination rate. The concomitant components in the lipophilic extract might enhance the absorption of cryptotanshinone and its distribution from the centre compartment to the peripheral compartment, and the metabolism to tanshinone II(A). The 'concomitant components' in the extract of Chinese material medica had significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of its 'marker components'. It can not only be rival, synergic, but also have the effects on metabolism. Therefore the traditional Chinese medicine was a complicated system, It should be taken a scientific and dialectic view in the research and development processes.

Structures of leucogen and its related substances in solution state / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the four diastereomers of leucogen and structure of the related substances.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>LC-DAD, LC-MS/MS and LC- 1H NMR were used. LC was carried out with a Phenomnex Luna C18 (250 mm x 4.60 mm ID, 5 microm) column and a mobile phase of water-acetonitrile-glacial acetic acid (58:42: 0.3).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The structures of leucogen and its related substances were identified. Leucogen and the related substances were found to have four diastereomers in solution state separately. The stability and transformation of the four diastereomers were analyzed and 3R4S5R was found to be more stable than the others according to quantum calculations.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Leucogen have four diastereomers in solution state and it can transform from one diastereomer to the others, and the 3R4S5R is more stable than the others.</p>