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Objective:To investigate the effects of sodium selenite on the motor function and antioxidant capacity of substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease (PD) rats.Methods:A total of 48 male SD rats with 0 score in pole test were selected, 8 of which were used as control group (group I) and the remaining 40 rats were intraperitoneally injected with MPTP for 7 days to establish the PD model.The 24 PD rats with successful modeling were selected out by behavioral analysis, and randomly divided into MPTP group (group Ⅱ), MPTP+ 0.05 mg/kg Se group (group Ⅲ), MPTP+ 0.1 mg/kg Se group (group Ⅳ), with 8 rats in each group.After 30 days of gavage, the behaviors of lipid peroxides in the substantia nigra, the activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, pathological changes in the substantia nigra.The number of TH + cells and TH mRNA levels in each group were analyzed. Results:Compared with group Ⅰ, the number of crossing of group II was significantly decreased((95.40±14.66), (6.11±4.17), P<0.05), and rearing was significantly decreased and the score of pole test was significantly increased ( P<0.05). MDA content was significantly increased((4.02±0.62), (12.75±1.59), P<0.05). The activity of SOD and GSH-Px decreased significantly( P<0.05). The number of neurons in nigra decreased, the number of TH + cells and the expression level of TH mRNA decreased significantly( P<0.05). Compared with group II, group III and group IV showed a significant increase in open field test((88.80±24.61), (38.86±19.77), P<0.05), and a significant decrease in pole test scores ( P<0.05). MDA content in group Ⅲ was significantly reduced ( P<0.05). SOD and GSH-Px activity increased significantly ( P<0.05). The nerve cells in the substantia nigra region had complete structure and orderly arrangement, and the number of TH + cells and the expression level of TH mRNA were significantly increased ( P<0.05). There was no difference in MDA content in group.SOD and GSH-Px activity increased, but the difference was not significant.The number of TH + cells increased, but the difference was not significant. Conclusion:It suggests that 0.05 mg/kg of sodium selenite can significantly improve the motor function of PD rats and enhance the antioxidant capacity of substantia nigra, so as to protect neurons in the substantia nigra.
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Objective To understand the prevalence of major human parasitic diseases and related factors in Henan province.Methods This stratified sampling survey was carried out according to the requirement of national survey protocol of major human parasitic diseases,2014-2015.The prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths infection,taeniasis and intestinal protozoiasis were surveyed in 104 sites selected from 35 counties (districts) and the prevalence of clonorchiasis was surveyed in 62 sites selected from 37 townships.In each survey spot,250 persons were surveyed.A total of 26 866 persons and 15 893 persons were surveyed.Modified Kato-Katz thick smear was used to detect the eggs of intestinal helminthes.Tube fecal culture was used to identify the species of hookworm.The Enterobius eggs were detected in children aged 3 to 6 years by using adhesive tape.The cyst and trophozoite of intestinal protozoa were examined with physiological saline direct smear method and iodine stain method.Results The overall infestation rate of intestinal parasites was 2.02％ in Henan,and the worm infection rate was higher than protozoa infection rate.Fourteen kinds of intestinal parasites were found,including nematode (5 species),trematode (2 species),and protozoan (7 species).The infection rate of Enterobius vermicularis was highest,and Qinba Mountain ecological area had the highest infestation rate of intestinal parasites in 4 ecological areas of Henan.There was no significant difference in intestinal parasite infection rote between males and females (x2=3.630,P=0.057),and the differences in intestinal parasite infection rate among different age groups had significance (x2=124.783,P=0.000 1).The infection rate reached the peak in age group ≤9 years and the major parasite was Enterobius vermicularis.Furthermore the overall human infection rate of parasite showed a downward trend with the increase of educational level of the people (x2=70.969,P=0.000 1),the differences had significance (x2=120.118,P=0.000 1).For different populations,the infection rate of intestinal parasites was highest among preschool children.The infection of intestinal helminth was mainly mild,only 2 severe cases were detected.The infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis in urban residents was only 0.006％.Logistic regression analysis showed that being preschool children (x2=15.765,P=0.000 1) and drinking well water (X2=45.589,P=0.000 1) were the risk factors for intestinal parasite infection,and annual income per capita of farmers was the protective factor against intestinal parasite infection.The infection rates of protozoa and intestinal parasites decreased sharply compared with the results of previous two surveys,and the rate of intestinal helminth infection also dropped sharply compared with the second survey.The numbers of protozoa,helminth and intestinal parasites detected in this survey were all less than the numbers found in the previous two surveys.Conclusions Compared the results of three surveys in Henan,the infection rate of protozoa and intestinal parasites showed a downward trend.The prevention and treatment of Enterobius vermicularis infection in children should be the key point of parasitic disease control in the future.
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Objective To understand the prevalence of major human parasitic diseases and related factors in Henan province.Methods This stratified sampling survey was carried out according to the requirement of national survey protocol of major human parasitic diseases,2014-2015.The prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths infection,taeniasis and intestinal protozoiasis were surveyed in 104 sites selected from 35 counties (districts) and the prevalence of clonorchiasis was surveyed in 62 sites selected from 37 townships.In each survey spot,250 persons were surveyed.A total of 26 866 persons and 15 893 persons were surveyed.Modified Kato-Katz thick smear was used to detect the eggs of intestinal helminthes.Tube fecal culture was used to identify the species of hookworm.The Enterobius eggs were detected in children aged 3 to 6 years by using adhesive tape.The cyst and trophozoite of intestinal protozoa were examined with physiological saline direct smear method and iodine stain method.Results The overall infestation rate of intestinal parasites was 2.02％ in Henan,and the worm infection rate was higher than protozoa infection rate.Fourteen kinds of intestinal parasites were found,including nematode (5 species),trematode (2 species),and protozoan (7 species).The infection rate of Enterobius vermicularis was highest,and Qinba Mountain ecological area had the highest infestation rate of intestinal parasites in 4 ecological areas of Henan.There was no significant difference in intestinal parasite infection rote between males and females (x2=3.630,P=0.057),and the differences in intestinal parasite infection rate among different age groups had significance (x2=124.783,P=0.000 1).The infection rate reached the peak in age group ≤9 years and the major parasite was Enterobius vermicularis.Furthermore the overall human infection rate of parasite showed a downward trend with the increase of educational level of the people (x2=70.969,P=0.000 1),the differences had significance (x2=120.118,P=0.000 1).For different populations,the infection rate of intestinal parasites was highest among preschool children.The infection of intestinal helminth was mainly mild,only 2 severe cases were detected.The infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis in urban residents was only 0.006％.Logistic regression analysis showed that being preschool children (x2=15.765,P=0.000 1) and drinking well water (X2=45.589,P=0.000 1) were the risk factors for intestinal parasite infection,and annual income per capita of farmers was the protective factor against intestinal parasite infection.The infection rates of protozoa and intestinal parasites decreased sharply compared with the results of previous two surveys,and the rate of intestinal helminth infection also dropped sharply compared with the second survey.The numbers of protozoa,helminth and intestinal parasites detected in this survey were all less than the numbers found in the previous two surveys.Conclusions Compared the results of three surveys in Henan,the infection rate of protozoa and intestinal parasites showed a downward trend.The prevention and treatment of Enterobius vermicularis infection in children should be the key point of parasitic disease control in the future.
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Objective@#To analyze the differences between the social support for breast cancer patients and healthy female, and to explore the correlation between social support and quality of life (QOL) in the patients.@*Methods@#From January 2013 to December 2014, 101 patients with operable breast cancer treated at Xinyu City People′s Hospital were recruited as the experimental group. They completed questionnaires in the preoperative, postoperative chemoradiotherapy and rehabilitation periods, respectively.101 healthy female volunteers recruited from the community were included as control group, whose age and level of education were matched with those of the experimental group.The general questionnaire including basic information, disease conditions and other projects, perceived social support scale (PSSS), quality of life of breast cancer patients (FACT-B) were applied to evaluate the general situation, social support and QOL of the subjects. The differences in PSSS scores between the experimental and control groups were compared. The correlation between PSSS score and FACT-B score in the experimental group was analyzed. SPSS 18.0 software was used for statistical analysis.@*Results@#The general situations of the experimental and control groups were comparable (all P>0.05). The rates of the total social support score ≥50 in the experimental and control groups were not significantly different (93.6% vs. 94.7%, P=0.067). Compared with that of the control group (23.2±4.8), the scores of family support in the experimental group in preoperative, postoperative chemoradiotherapy and rehabilitation periods were statistically higher (25.6±3.2, 24.2±4.2 and 24.0±3.4, respectively, P=0.034). The social support scores of patients with different demographic characteristics were different. Among the demographic characteristics, years of education and place of residence had the largest impact. The scores of social support in patients with longer education years and living in the urban area were higher than those with shorter education years and living in the rural areas (P<0.001). The scores of QOL among preoperative, postoperative chemoradiotherapy and rehabilitation periods in the experimental group were significantly different (all P<0.05). The patients gained the highest score of QOL in the preoperative period (110.7±5.1) and the lowest in the postoperative chemoradiotherapy period (95.3±18.1). The QOL of patients in the experimental group in preoperative, postoperative chemoradiotherapy and rehabilitation periods were all positively correlated with the overall social support (all P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#The QOL of breast cancer patients at different periods of treatment is positively correlated with the social support. The quality of life can be enhanced by improving the social support for the patients.
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Objective To explore the regulatory effect of astragalus polysaccharide ( APS) on immune function in immunosuppressed mice, and to establish a set of feasible indexes of immunological regulation and evaluation system of pol-ysaccharides.Methods Both Cytoxan ( CTX)-induced immunosuppressed mice and normal mice were treated with astrag-alus polysaccharide ( APS) .Spleen index, thymus index, phagocytosis rate and phagocytic index of peritoneal macrophages were assessed, and the spleen and thymus tissues were examined by histology.The percentage of CD3 +, CD4 +, and CD8 +cells in peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry.Results APS significantly increased the thymus and spleen indexes in both immunosuppressed mice and normal mice, promoted the histological development of spleen and thy-mus in normal mice, enhanced the recovery of histological structures in the spleen and thymus in the CTX-induced immuno-suppressed mice.APS also enhanced the phagocytosis rate and phagocytic index of peritoneal macrophages in both immuno-suppressed mice and normal mice.In addition, the percentage of CD3 +and CD4 +cells,the ratio of CD4 +/CD8 +in pe-ripheral blood of both CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice and normal mice were increased while CD8 +cells were de-creased.Conclusions The results of this study suggest that astragalus polysaccharide can improve the non-specific immu-nity and cellular immunity in mice, and indicate that we established comprehensive evaluation indexes of immunoregulatory effects of polysaccharides.
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Objective To investigate the expression of AIF, CYT C, PAF-1, caspase-3, and XIAP in Sprague-Dawley rats with spontaneous mammary neoplasms.Methods One-hundred and thirty 3-4-week old SPF Spargue-Dawley rats (♀∶♂=1∶1) were fed in a specific pathogen free (SPF) breeding barrier for 60 weeks.The occurrence of spontane-ous breast tumors was recorded and histopathology was performed to identify the types of tumors.The rats were divided into 3 groups:rats with normal breast tissue ( group I) , with benign tumors ( group II) and with malignant tumors ( group III) . The expression of AIF, CYT C, APAF-1, caspase-3 and XIAP proteins and mRNAs were detected by immunhistochemistry ( IHC) and RT-PCR assay.Results Among these 130 SD rats, 14 rats were observed having spontaneous mammary neo-plasms with the incidence rate of 10.77%(14/130).In these neoplasm cases, 7 cases were mammary fibroadenomas, 7 cases of breast carcinoma, both with an incidence rate of 5.38%.Immunohistochemistry showed that, compared with the group I, the positive expressions of AIF, APAF-1, caspase-3 were decreased significantly (P<0.01), and the CYT C and XIAP expressions were significantly increased in the group II.The positive expression of all genes except XIAP was de-creased in the group III(P<0.01).Compared with the group II, APAF-1 and XIAP were significantly higher in the group III (P<0.01), and the positive expression of AIF, Cyt C, and caspases-3 were significantly decreased (P<0.01).In the results of RT-PCR assay, except APAF-1 which showed significant correlation with the results of immunohistochemistry ( P<0.05 ) , all the others showed an extremely significant correlation with immunohistochemical results ( P <0.01 ) . Conclusions Mammary tumors are most common spontaneous neoplasms in SD rats.Abnormal expression of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway-related factors AIF, CytC, APAF-1, caspase-3, and XIAP are correlated with the carcinogenesis and de-velopment of breast tumors.
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To study the expression and distribution of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and long leptin receptor (OB-Rb) in the gastrointestinal tract of giant panda, samples of three animals were collected from the key laboratory for reproduction and conservation genetics of endangered wildlife of Sichuan province, China conservation and research center for the giant panda. Paraffin sections of giant panda gastrointestinal tissue samples were observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) and strept actividin-biotin complex immunohistochemical staining (IHC). The results show that the intestinal histology of three pandas was normal and no pathological changes, and there were rich single-cell and multi-cell mucous glands, long intestinal villi and thick muscularis mucosa and muscle layer. Positive cells expressing NPY and OB-Rb were widely detected in the gastrointestinal tract by IHC methods. NPY positive nerve fibers and neuronal cell were widely distributed in submucosal plexus and myenteric plexus, especially in the former. They were arranged beaded or point-like shape. NPY positive cells were observed in the shape of ellipse and polygon and mainly located in the mucous layer and intestinal glands. OB-Rb positive cells were mainly distributed in the mucous layer and the laminae propria, especially the latter. These results confirmed that NPY and OB-Rb are widely distributed in the gut of the giant panda, which provide strong reference for the research between growth and development, digestion and absorption, and immune function.
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Animals , China , Intestines , Metabolism , Neuropeptide Y , Genetics , Metabolism , Receptors, Leptin , Genetics , Metabolism , Ursidae , Genetics , MetabolismABSTRACT
In this study, apoptosis was induced by new type gosling viral enteritis virus (NGVEV) in experimentally infected goslings is reported in detail for the first time. After 3-day-old goslings were orally inoculated with a NGVEV-CN strain suspension, the time course of NGVEV effects on apoptotic morphological changes of the internal tissues was evaluated. These changes were observed by histological analysis with light microscopy and ultrastructural analysis with transmission electron microscopy. DNA fragmentation was assessed with a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay and DNA ladder analysis. A series of characteristic apoptotic morphological changes including chromatin condensation and margination, cytoplasmic shrinkage, plasma membrane blebbing, and formation of apoptotic bodies were noted. Apoptosis was readily observed in the lymphoid and gastrointestinal organs, and sporadically occurred in other organs after 3 days post-infection (PI). The presence and quantity of TUNEL-positive cells increased with infection time until 9 days PI. DNA extracted from the NGVEV-infected gosling cells displayed characteristic 180~200 bp ladders. Apoptotic cells were ubiquitously distributed, especially among lymphocytes, macrophages, monocytes, and epithelial and intestinal cells. Necrosis was subsequently detected during the late NGVEV-infection phase, which was characterized by cell swelling, plasma membrane collapse, and rapidly lysis. Our results suggested that apoptosis may play an important role in the pathogenesis of NGVE disease.
Subject(s)
Animals , Adenoviridae/classification , Adenoviridae Infections/pathology , Anseriformes , Apoptosis , Bird Diseases/virology , DNA Fragmentation , Enteritis/veterinary , Epithelial Cells/cytology , In Situ Nick-End Labeling , Intestines/cytology , Leukocytes/cytology , Lymphoid Tissue/cytology , Macrophages , Microscopy, Electron, TransmissionABSTRACT
0.05).The grade of antibiotics tended to decline with the increase in of dressing change freqnency so it could decrease the expenditure of antibiotics.The rate of fungal infection lowered while hospitalization did not appear to be prolonged.CONCLUSIONS After the analysis of the use of antibacterials for burn patients,we find that the proper use of antibiotics and the increase in dressing change would lower the grade of antibiotics and expenditure,at the same time they do not increase the rate of bacterial infection and fungal infection,and do not prolong the duration of patients hospitalization time.
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Objective: To investigate the characteristics of etiology and drug resistance of nosocomial infection in the neurosurgery intensive care unit(NICU),and provide useful information for clinical practice.Methods: We analyzed the clinical data of 179 cases of nosocomial infection among 1 163 patients admitted in the NICU from June 2005 to March 2007.Results: From the 179 patients,346 strains of bacteria were obtained,of which Gram's negative bacili accounted for 52.89%,Gram's positive cocci 38.15% and fungi 8.96%.Of the diagnosed nosocomial infections,83.80% involved the lower respiratory tract,10.61% the urinary tract,2.79% the blood vessels,1.68% the central nervous system and 1.12% the hematological system.Conclusion: To reduce nosocomial infections in the NICU,emphasis should be placed on the control of lower respiratory tract infection as well as on the prevention and treatment of Gram's positive coccus infection in the acute stage and Gram's negative bacillus infection in the later stage.Intensified prevention measures based on the standard ones could help to get the drug-resistant strains under control.