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Objective:To investigate the changes in the morphology, structure and function of the bladders and their effects on the upper urinary tract dilatation(UUTD) after lumbosacral nerve transecting in rats.Methods:A total of 45 female SD rats were included, randomly divided into 3 groups with 15 rats in each group. Two groups were performed bilateral lumbar 6(L6) and cauda equina nerve shearing to establish neurogenic bladder(NB) model, which were nerve transected for 4 weeks(NB-4W) group and nerve transected for 12 weeks(NB-12W) group. Another group was performed bilateral L6 nerves and cauda equine exposing but not transecting, which was sham-operation (Sham) group. Cystometry and renal ultrasound examination were performed and rats in each group were killed to collect the kidney and bladder tissues in NB-4W group at 4 weeks, in Sham group and NB-12W group at 12 weeks after operation. HE, Masson staining, immunohistochemical staining and western blot were used to detect histological changes, expression of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) and α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA).Results:All rats in NB-4W and NB-12W group showed acontractile detrusor. In the NB-4W and NB-12W group, the maximum cystometric capacity [(5.84±0.33) ml and (3.13±0.35) ml], the detrusor leak point pressure [(25.41±0.86) cm H 2O and (27.36±2.04) cm H 2O] (1 cm H 2O = 0.098 kPa), were significantly higher than those in the Sham group [(0.98±0.14) ml, (7.13±0.90) cm H 2O, both P<0.05]. Compliance in NB-4W group [(0.28±0.21) ml/cm H 2O] and NB-12W group [(0.17±0.12) ml/cm H 2O] were significantly lower than that of the Sham group [(0.34±0.26) ml/cm H 2O], and the compliance of NB-12W group was lower than that of NB-4W group significantly (all P<0.05). HE staining of the bladder showed that the inflammatory cell infiltration was obvious in the NB-4W and NB-12W group. Bladder collagen volume fractions in NB-4W group [(30.5±1.5) %] and NB-12W group [(45.2±3.8) %] were both higher than that of Sham group [(20.7±2.2) %, both P<0.05]. The expression of TGF-β1 and α-SMA in the bladder tissue of NB-4W group were higher than those of sham group, and that of NB-12W group were higher than NB-4W group. In NB-4W group and NB-12W group, 3 (20.0 %) and 7 (46.7 %) rats were found hydronephrosis, respectively. Additionally, HE staining showed that the degree of renal tubule injury and the number of inflammatory cell infiltration in the NB-4W and NB-12W group were higher than those in the Sham group. Masson staining showed that the volume fraction of collagen in kidneys of NB-4W and NB-12W group were (13.1±1.4) % and (21.6±1.9) %, respectively, which were significantly higher than that in sham operation group [(4.6±0.7) %, both P<0.05]. Conclusions:Bilateral L6 + cauda equina nerve transecting can induce NB with hydronephrosis in parts of rats. The degree of bladder fibrosis gradually increased with the time of nerve transection, and the incidence and severity of UUTD also increased with the time of nerve transection.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of microdissected peroneal artery perforator flap in repair of soft tissue defect of dorsal side of the fingers.Methods:From August 2015 to July 2020, 19 patients with soft tissue defects on dorsal fingers were treated with microdissected peroneal artery perforator flap. The area of wound defect was 3.8 cm×1.5 cm-5.8 cm×3.0 cm, with exposure of phalanges and tendons. The size of flaps was 4.0 cm×1.8 cm-6.0 cm×3.3 cm. According to the size of soft tissue defects on the dorsal side of the fingers, the flaps were designed with the perforating branch of peroneal artery in the centre. The length and width of a flap were 0.2-0.3 cm bigger and wider than the area of defect. The perforator vessels with a length of 2.0-3.0 cm were arvested in the superficial layer of deep fascia. Most of the adipose tissues of the flap were removed under microscope, and the small arteries between adipose tissues were protected. The flaps were used to cover the defects of fingers. The perforator artery of the flap was anastomosed with the proper palmar digital artery of the recipient site, the accompanying vein of the perforator artery was anastomosed with the dorsal digital vein of the recipient site, and the cutaneous nerve in the flap was anastomosed with the dorsal digital nerve. The donor sites were directly pulled together and sutured intermittently. Outpatient and WeChat follow-up were conducted after operation, including wound healing, flap survival, flap sensation, donor site recovery, and flexion and extension functions of the fingers. Functional recovery was evaluated according to the Evaluation Standard of Upper Limb Partial Functional of Hand Surgery of Chinese Medical Association.Results:All wounds healed in Ⅰ stage, and all 19 flaps survived. The follow-up ranged from 9 to 25 months, with an average of 11.5 months. The appearance of the flaps was satisfactory and the texture was good. Sensation recoveried to S 4 in 4 paitients, S 3 in 9 patients and S 2 in 6 patients, and with only a linear scar was left in the donor sites. The hand function recovery was evaluated according to the Trial Criteria of Upper Limb Function Evaluation of the Hand Surgery Society of the Chinese Medical Association, with 18 cases were excellent and 1 was good. Conclusion:The microdissected peroneal artery perforator flap is an ideal surgical method to repair the soft tissue defect of dorsal side of the fingers, which has good shape and simple operation, avoids the secondary thinning and plastic surgery and offers good therapeutic effects.
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Objective:To investigate the application of self-designed wound measuring grid in the measurement of wound and the design of perforator flap.Methods:From February 2018 to February 2020, 31 cases of soft tissue defects of limbs were repaired by free transfer of perforator flap. During the operation, the self-designed membrane with measurement grid was used to measure the wound surface. The flaps were designed and harvested according to the accurate measurement of the wound. The flaps were reviewed at hospital clinic during follow-up.Results:All patients entered 3-15 months of follow-up with an average of 8 months. All 31 flaps survived, of which 2 flaps encountered vascular crisis and were rescued after surgical exploration. There was no infection of flaps and all flaps had stage I healing. The flaps were satisfactory in appearance with the sensation recovery to S 2 in 21 cases and S 3 in 10 cases. Only linear scars were left on the donor sites. Conclusion:The membrane with a measurement grid can accurately measure a wound, and help the design of the flap according to the measured size and profile of the wound. It can reduce the operation time and the risk as well as to improve the operation efficiency. The clinical application is satisfactory. Large scale and multi-centre studies are required to further prove the benefit of the measurement grid.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of lobulated chimeric perforator flap pedicled with descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery (d-LCFA) in repair of multiple composite tissue defects of the foot and ankle.Methods:From February 2017 to March 2021, a total of 6 patients with foot and ankle multiple site deficiency injuries were treated in the Department of Hand Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine. The area of the soft tissue defect was 14.0 cm×9.0 cm~28.0 cm×9.0 cm. The size of the flap were 15.0 cm×10.0 cm-29.0 cm×10.0 cm. In all the cases, the wounds were complicated with bone defects and different degrees of infection. After primary debridement, VSD was used for continuous lavage and drainage. In the second stage, the defect was repaired with a lobulated chimeric perforator flap of d-LCFA. The colour, texture and sensory recovery of flap were observed in the scheduled postoperative follow-up.Results:All flaps survived smoothly without vascular crisis. After 10-12 months of follow-up, no recurrence of infection was found. The flaps had no pigmentation, soft in texture, with non-bloated appearance, good wear resistance, and recovered part of sensation. According to the British Medical Research Council (BMRC) hand sensory function evaluation standard, the sensation recovered to S 1-S 2. Conclusion:The lobulated chimeric perforator flap pedicled with d-LCFA only requires microanastomosis with 1 vascular pedicle. It simultaneously covers wounds in different depths at multiple sites and is also anti-infective. It is an ideal flap for repairing multi-site composite tissue defects of foot and ankle.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of Flow-through perforator flap of posterior interosseous artery in repair of dorsal digital soft tissue defect with disorder of blood supply in digital tip.Methods:From January 2018 to June 2020, 12 patients who had digital dorsum soft tissue defect with digital tip blood supply disorder were treated with Flow-through perforator flap of posterior interosseous artery. The size of flaps was 2.0 cm× 2.0 cm-5.5 cm×3.0 cm. The posterior interosseous artery in the flap was bridged with the proper palmar artery of digit, 1 subcutaneous vein in the flap was anastomosed with the dorsal subcutaneous vein, and 1 subcutaneous vein in the posterior interosseous artery with the palmar subcutaneous vein. The donor sites were sutured directly. The wound healing, blood supply of digit and flap survival were observed after operation. The quality of flap survival and digital joint function were observed in the follow-up reviews at outpatient clinic.Results:All the 12 Flow-through perforator flaps of posterior interosseous artery survived, the blood supply of digit was good, and the wounds healed in the first stage. The follow-up period was 6-24 months. The appearance and texture of the flaps were good without obvious bloating. Only linear scar was left in the forearm donor site. According to the Trial Standard of Upper Limb Function Evaluation of Chinese Society of Hand Surgery, the results were excellent in 11 cases and good in 1 case.Conclusion:The perforator flap of posterior interosseous artery has constant anatomy, and the diameter of blood vessel matches the blood vessels of digits. It is suitable for Flow-through technique. It has less subcutaneous tissue, no secondary thinning, and the donor site can be closed directly. It is a good method to repair the dorsal soft tissue defect with disorder of digital end blood circulation.
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Objective:To explore the clinical effect of the second toenail flap with the dorsal bone of the phalange in repairing the defect of fingernail bed.Methods:From January, 2012 to June, 2019, 10 patients with large area of fingernail bed defect were treated by the second toenail flap with bone on the back of the phalanx. The survival of the flap was observed after the operation, and the fracture healing, the shape of the nail and the flexion and extension function of the finger joint were observed in the outpatient follow-up.Results:All flaps of the second toenail survived. The average follow-up period was 8 (4-12) months. The fractured ends of 10 patients' phalanges healed well without nonunion, good appearance of toenail and deformity of toenail. The recovery of hand function was evaluated according to the evaluation standard of upper limb function of Hand Surgery Society of Chinese Medical Association, 9 cases were excellent, and 1 case was good.Conclusion:The second toenail flap with dorsal bone of the phalanx preserved is easy to cut, simple to operate, and has good clinical effect. It is a good method to repair the defect of the fingernail bed.
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The method of acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training in the treatment of shoulder hand syndrome after stroke is reliablet, quick, with simple operation and less adverse reactions. Among them, characteristic acupuncture could focus on the targeted points with obvious effect than ordinary acupuncture, and the combination with rehabilitation training could greatly improve the curative effect. However, there still exist some problems in the current research, such as the difficulty of conducting blind clinical trials of acupuncture therapy; the lack of follow-up data in the evaluation of curative effect, the uncertainty of long-term curative effect; the small sample size of clinical research, etc., so multi-centered and large sample RCT research are still needed.
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Objective:To investigate the surgical method and clinical effect in the repair of thumb tip defect with radial thenar fasciocutaneous flap.Methods:From March, 2016 to January, 2019, 15 patients with thumb tip defect were treated by radial thenar fasciocutaneous flap. There were 6 defects in left thumb and 9 in right thumb. All the thumbtip defects had the exposure of digital bone, and some had defects of digital bone itself. The size of defects ranged from 1.0 cm×2.0 cm to 1.5 cm×3.0 cm, and the size of the flaps ranged from 1.2 cm×2.5 cm to 1.8 cm×4.0 cm. All of the donor sites were directly closed. The patients entered follow-up by outpatient visit, telephone calls or WeChat reviews to evaluate the quality of the flaps and the clinical effects of the surgery.Results:All flaps survived with good quality. All the donor sites achieved primary healing. The follow-ups lasted for 6 to 18 months with an average of 10.5 months. At the final follow-up review, the appearance of flaps was satisfactory in natural colour, flexible and wear-resistant. There were various degrees of sensation recovery of the flaps, with TPD from 6 mm to 12 mm. The sensation around the donor site was close to normal. Function of the thumbs was evaluated according to the total active movement (TAM) evaluation system. Twelve thumbs were graded excellent and 3 in good.Conclusion:The radial thenar fasciocutaneous flap achieved satisfactory clinical effect in the repair of thumb tip defect. The texture of the flaps is close to the recipient site and the damage to the donor site is minimal.
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Objective:To establish an HPLC method fro the simultaneous determination of baicalin,wogonin,baicalein and wog-nin. Methods:A DiamonsilTMC18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) column was used. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.1% H3PO4 with gradient elution and the detection wavelength was 278 nm.The flow rate was 1.0 ml·min-1,the injection volume was 5μl and the column temperature was 30℃. Results:The 4 flavonoids in wine-processed Radix Scutellariae showed good separation under the chro-matographic conditions with a good linear relationship within the corresponding linear range. The average recovery of each chemical component was 97.71%-98.34%,and the content of baicalin was with RSD<2.0%. The samples from 13 habitats accorded with the requirement of processed Radix Scutellariae in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Conclusion: Wine can maintain flavonoid glycosides and de-stroy the self-degradation of Scutellaria baicalensis enzyme to the greatest degree,which not only ensures the clinical effects of wine-pro-cessed Scutellaria baicalensis,but also is convenient to the storage of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi,however,wine can reduce the con-tent of flavonoid glycosides in Radix Scutellariae to varying degrees,so the processing technology needs to be improved further.
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Objective:To observe the effect of coix seed extract on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and discuss the mechanism of coix seed extract in the treatment of NAFLD in the repect of free fatty acid. Methods:Totally 60 SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups with 10 ones in each, the normal group, the model group, the positive group ( Xuezhikang capsules, 1 g · kg-1), three coix seed extract groups respectively at high (20 g·kg-1), medium (10 g·kg-1) and low (5 g·kg-1) dosage. The normal group was given basic diet, the other 5 groups were given high fat diet to establish NAFLD rat model, the modeling time was 8 weeks, and the drug treatment started from the 5th week till the 8th week. The liver weight and fat weight and index were observed after the drug intervention. The serum total cholesterol (TC), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), free fatty acid (FFA), fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCa-se), C two acyl coenzyme A (MALONYL-CoA) , adenosine content of protein kinase ( AMPK) and adiponectin ( ADP) activated by glycosides were detected. Results: Com-pared with those in the normal group, the lipid metabolism related indices in the model group were significantly abnormal (P<0. 05), which suggested that the model was established successfully. After the drug intervention, the lipid metabolism related indicators in the positive group and the three drug groups were adjusted in varying degrees. Compared with those in the model group, TC, FFA and AMPK expression levels increased notably in the high dosage group and the positive group (P<0. 05), and the levels of ALT, AST, FAS, ACCa-se, MALONYL-CoA decreased at the same time (P<0. 05). Coix seed extract could decrease the body weight and liver wet weight in NAFLD rats and improve the related index significantly. Conclusion: The findings indicated that coix seed extract is highly effective in improving the pharmacological effect on NAFLD induced by high-fat diet, and the mechanism is achieved through ADP-AMPK-ACCase-malony-CoA-FFA axis.
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Objective: To investigate the effects and underlying mechanism of polysaccharides from Radix Saplshnikoviae on the immune factors in rats with allergic rhinitis induced by OVA.Methods: Firstly, 0.3mg OVA, 30mg Al(OH)3 and 1ml saline were mixed and intraperitoneally injected for the initial immunization, and then 200μg OVA (4%) was given once a day by nasal dripping since the 15th day for the second immunization to establish the allergic rhinitis model.Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into the allergic rhinitis (AR) model group, the polysaccharides from Radix Saplshnikoviae (600 mg·kg-1, 300mg·kg-1, 150 mg·kg-1) groups, the positive (Biyankang, 400 mg·kg-1) group and the normal control group.After the 14-day intragastric administration, blood was collected from abdominal aorta and serum was obtained.The levels of immune factors and inflammatory factors in serum were examined by radioimmunoassay.Results: The positive group and the polysaccharide groups could inhibit the typical symptoms of allergic rhinitis including sneezing, nasal scratching and running nose in varying degrees, and alleviate the inflammatory reaction symptoms.After the drug intervention, the positive group and the polysaccharide groups could down-regulate the expression of immune cell factors IL-4, TNF-A, VCAM-1 and IL-5, enhance IL-12 and INF-γ expression levels, and suppress the generation and release of inflammation factors IgE, HA, LTC4 and PGD2, and the differences were significant when compared with the model group (P＜0.05).The dose-effect relationship was not too obvious among the polysaccharide from Radix Saposhnikoviae groups respectively at high, medium and low dose, and the high dose group was best among them.Conclusion: The polysaccharides from Radix Saplshnikoviae exhibit curative effect for AR, which can down-regulate the serum levels of IL-4 and IL-5, up-regulate the serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-12, adjust Th1/Th2 lymphocyte subsets balance and body immune response and reduce nasal mucosa allergic inflammation, and the underlying mechanism may be related with reducing the generation and release of immune factors in AR induced by OVA.
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Objective To explore the outcomes of free flap from the radial artery superficial palmar branch (RASP) innervated by the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm for repairing the defects of finger pulp. Methods From April, 2013 to February, 2015, 20 fingers in 20 cases were treated with free flap from RASP innervated by the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm. The area of flap was from 1.8 cm×2.0 cm to 2.0 cm×4.0 cm. Postoperative fol-low up was done termly. Results All 20 flaps survived. All cases were followed-up for 7-20 months ( averag, 12 months). The flaps appeared well with good texture. The two-point discrimination was from 7 mm to 12 mm, and grad-ed with S3 and S3+sensation. There was little scar noted at the donor site in the wrist. There was no influence of hand and wrist function. Conclusion The method of using free flap from SASP innervated by the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm to repair the defects of finger pulp has good clinical effect.
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Objective:To study the in vitro antimicrobial activity of traditional Chinese medicine herbal pair of euphorbia humifusa Willd. and portulaca oleracea L. . Methods: The antibacterial effect in vitro of the traditional Chinese medicine herbal pair and the single herb of euphorbia humifusa Willd. and portulaca oleracea L. was studied on staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and pseudo-monas aeruginosa by the 2-fold dilution method and the broth micro-dilution method in a 96-well plate. The minimum inhibitory con-centration ( MIC) , minimum bactericidal concentration ( MBC) and the diameter of inhibition zone were determined. Results:The ex-perimental strains showed the different sensitivity among the traditional Chinese medicine herbal pair and the single herb. The antibac-terial and bactericidal activity of the traditional Chinese medicine herbal pair was the most obvious(P<0. 05). As the temperature in-creasing, the antibacterial activity of all water extract on different experimental strains changed. The results of MIC and MBC showed that the effects of water extract on escherichia coli were strongest, that of stapphylococcus aureus were secong, ant that of pseudomonas aeruginosa were relatively weak. Conclusion:The traditional Chinese medicine herbal pair of euphorbia humifusa Willd. and portulaca oleracea L. has antibacterial and bactericidal activity in varying degrees on the experimental strains with some differences, and the changes in the application forms of traditional Chinese medicines has great influence on the antibacterial and bactericidal ability.
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To introduce professor Gao Yuchun's clinical experience and treating characteristics of facial paralysis treated with acupuncture and moxibustion. Professor Gao pays attention to yangming when he selects acupoints for clinical syndrome, and directs acupoints selection based on syndrome differentiation in different levels of jingjin, meridians and zangfu; he praises opposing needling technique and reinforcing the deficiency and reducing the excess highly; the acupuncture manipulation is gentle,shallow and slow for reducing the healthy side and reinforcing the affected side, and through losing its excess to complement its deficiency; besides, he stresses needle retaining time and distinguishes reinforcing and reducing. Facial paralysis is treated with key factors such as acupoints selecting based on yangming, acupuncture manipulation, needle retaining time, etc. And the spleen and stomach is fine and good at transportation and transformation; the meridians is harmonious; the qi and blood is smooth. The clinical efficacy is enhanced finally.
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Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , History , Methods , China , Facial Paralysis , History , Therapeutics , History, 20th Century , History, 21st CenturyABSTRACT
Objective:To establish a comprehensive quality evaluation pattern for epimedium pieces to provide reference for the quality control. Methods:The overall quality of Epimedium brevicornu Maxim was evaluated through the establishment of a fingerprint identification mode to perform the bifunctional feedback to the fingerprint peaks. The chromatographic separation was carried out on an Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18 (150 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm) column with the mobile phase of acetonitrile and water with gradient e-lution. The flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min1 , and the column temperature was maintained at 30℃. Results:The HPLC fingerprint of Epi-medium brevicornu Maxim decoction pieces containing 16 common peaks was obtained. The marketed Epimedium brevicornu Maxim de-coction pieces were divided into two categories and the quality between them showed significant differences. Conclusion:The similarity of 11 batches of epimedium herbs used to establish the fingerprints shows notable different, and the different habitats and sampling time exhibit significant influence on the overall quality. The fingerprint pattern can effectively reflect the overall trend of quality of Chinese herbal pieces, which is suitable for comprehensive quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicines with multiple components and their relative preparations.
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Objective:To determine the content of six main flavonoids in herba epimedii by self contrast with correction factor. Methods:HPLC was carried out with reversed-phase technique on an Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18 (150 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm) column with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-water with gradient elution. The detection wavelength was 268nm and the col-umn temperature was 30℃. The correction factor was established through the increase value of chromatographic peak area for the self internal standard. The relative retention time and spectrum reference method were used to determine the position of impurities. Re-sults:The relative retention time of epimedin A1 , epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C and baohuoside I was 0. 750,0. 810,0. 865, 0. 939 and 1. 651, respectively. The correction factor of them was 0. 998 6, 0. 998 7, 0. 998 8, 0. 989 4 and 0. 985 6, respectively. Conclusion:The self contrast with correction factor can be use to quantitatively determine the components with the same kind of chem-istry environment. The method is simple, efficient and accurate in the quantitative analysis of multi components in Chinese medicines.
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Objective:To optimize the extraction process of antitumor active ingredients in fructus ligustri lucidi. Methods:Using fructus ligustri lucidi medicinal herb as the raw material, the extraction process of luteolin and pelargidenon in the herb was screened by D-optimal design. The extraction yield of different extraction processes was compared to obtain the optimal extraction conditions. Re-sults:The best extraction conditions were as follows:adding 12-fold 95% ethanol, extracting 2 times with 60 minutes for each time. Conclusion:The optimal extraction technology can provide significant reference for the further pharmacodynamic effect development of fructus ligustri lucidi.
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Objective:To study the in vitro bacteriostasis of water extract of humulus. Methods:By using double dilution method and 96-well plates trace broth dilution method, the inhibitory test of water extract of humulus was conducted on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The minimum inhibitory concentration ( MIC ) , minimum bactericidal concentration ( MBC) and the diameter of inhibition zone were determined. Results: The drug showed different sensitive degree on the test strains. MIC and MBC for Escherichia coli were 31. 25 mg·ml-1 , that for Staphylococcus aureus were 3. 91 mg·ml-1 , and that for Pseudo-monas aeruginosa was 125 and 250 mg·ml-1 . Conclusion:With the water extract of humulus as the research object, the study on the in vitro bacteriostasis effect of humulus scandens is closer to the clinical application form, which provides reference for the further re-search on the related preparation of humulus scandens.
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Objective:To compare the content of icariin in Rujiling granules before and after the ray irradiation. Methods: The column was Thermo ODS-2 HYPERSIL (250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm) with the temperature of 30℃, and the mobile phase was acetoni-trile-0. 033 mol·L-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate(30∶70) with the flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min-1. The detection wavelength was 265nm. Results:There was a good linear relationship within the range of 3. 44-34. 40μg·ml-1 for icariin (r=0. 999 7, n=6). The average recovery was 98. 18% with RSD of 0. 32%(n=9). Conclusion:The content change of icariin in Rujiling granules before and after the ray irradiation is not statistically significant, which illustrates that the conventional dose irradiation has little effect on icariin.
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Objective:To optimize the extraction process of Xiaoyan granules. Methods:The extraction process was optimized by orthogonal test with water volume, extraction times and extraction duration as the influencing factors. The dry extract rate and esculetin content were used as the evaluation indices. The dry extract rate was determined by drying method, and esculetin was determined by HPLC. Results:The optimal extraction conditions were as follows:water was 8 times of the medicinal materials, the decoction duration was 1. 5h with 3 extraction times. Conclusion:The optimized process of Xiaoyan granules is feasible and convenient,and the granules are qualified and stable.