Characteristics and acute responses of eccentric exercise / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Eccentric exercise displays many advantages over concentric and isometric contractions, and it has been applied in exercise training and rehabilitation. The existing researches focus on the underlying mechanisms at molecular and neural levels, and the specific adaptation after eccentric exercise may be related to the adaptive signaling pathway. OBJECTIVE: To review the unique physiological characteristics and mechanisms of eccentric exercise, thereby providing reference for in-depth understanding of eccentric exercise. METHODS: The relevant articles were searched in PubMed (1990-2017) and CNKI (2010-2017) with the keywords of "eccentric exercise, negative muscle work, eccentric exercise training, downhill run, concentric exercise, positive muscle work, concentric exercise training, and uphill running" in English and Chinese, respectively. Ultimately, the articles eligible for physiological characteristics, acute response and adaptive mechanism were enrolled. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 98 articles were retrieved, and 54 pertinent papers were enrolled for analysis based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mechanical, molecular and neural mechanisms of eccentric contractions differ from those of concentric and isometric contractions. Special metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses after eccentric exercise reflect the advantages in making programs of exercise training and rehabilitation. Particularly, compared with concentric exercise, fewer motor units are recruited during eccentric exercise and exert muscle a greater stimulation, which involves the process of exercise-induced muscle damage and the activation of satellite cells. The content of satellite cells after eccentric exercise is higher than that of concentric exercise, suggesting that satellite cells may play an important role in the muscle damage reconstruction caused by eccentric exercise. In conclusion, eccentric exercise is of great significance for exercise training and rehabilitation, while further study on the adaptive mechanism of eccentric exercise is necessary.

The management and application of cold-chain for in vitro diagnostic reagent / 中国医学装备

Objective: To carry out effective management for the cold-chain temperature of in vitro diagnostic reagent so as to provide safe and credible inspection basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: The remote control and alarm platform of cold storage and refrigerator were applied to achieve acceptance for temperature control of in vitro diagnostic reagent, and achieve acceptance for temperature and achieve differentiation management for unqualified product. These methods could ensure controllability of temperature for the reagent with requirements of cold-chain. Results: Through the management of cold-chain of in vitro diagnostic reagents, hospital has achieved effective supervising for them, and hospital has concrete record for these reagents in the entire medical process, and all of them were traceability. Therefore, it provide effective guarantee for clinical safety. Conclusion: The support of informatization technique and implementation of management system of hospital can ensure the cold-chain management of entire process is not out of control, and enhance the stability and accuracy of clinical test results and effective guarantee the safety of diagnosis and treatment for hospital.

Leojaponic acids A and B, two new homologous terpenoids, isolated from Leonurus japonicus / 中国天然药物

The present study aimed at isolation and purification of the bioactive terpenoids from the herb of Leonurus japonicus by chromatographic separations such as silica gel, sephadex LH-20 and C18 reversed phase silica gel, as well as preparative HPLC. As a result, leojaponic acids A (1, C17H24O4) and B (2, C18H26O4), two homologous terpenoids, together with (-)-loliolide (3), 1-(3-ethylphenyl) ethane-1, 2-diol (4) and dibutyl phthalate (5), were isolated from the EtOH extract of L. japonicus. All the chemical structures of the isolates were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR analyses. Compounds 1 and 2 were new terpenoids, and Compounds 3 and 4 were isolated and identified for the first time from this plant. In addition, the α-glucosidase and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the new compounds were evaluated.

Genetic and prenatal diagnosis for four families with Williams-Beuren syndrome / 中国当代儿科杂志

Williams-Beuren syndrome is a common chromosome microdeletion syndrome. Early diagnosis and treatment are very helpful for patients and their families. This study identified the chromosome karyotype in one fetus with ultrasonography abnormalities and three children with developmental disorders from four families. This provided guidance for subsequent pregnancy and prenatal diagnosis by using routine G-banding chromosome karyotyping analysis, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and array comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH). In one amniotic fluid sample from a pregnant woman with fetal abnormalities on an ultrasound screen and three peripheral blood samples from three children with developmental disorders, the decreased signal of ELN gene probes at 7q11.23 and heterozygous deletions at 7q11.23 were detected by MLPA and array-CGH analysis. The laboratory genetic tests of amniotic fluid samples were normal when the mothers from the four families became pregnant again. It was concluded that MLPA and array-CGH are rapid and accurate tools for the diagnosis of Williams-Beuren syndrome and can provide more information for clinical genetic counseling.

Cytogenetic and molecular analysis of idic(Yp) in 1 infertile man and 1 prenatal fetus / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate idic(Yp) in genetic diagnosis by examining 1 infertile man and 1 prenatal fetus using cytogenetic and molecular techniques.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Following conventional chromosome preparation, we performed G- and C-banding karyo. typing and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Then we extracted genomic DNA using standard procedures and analyzed it by array-CGH and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both cases were diagnosed as 45, X/46, X, idic (Yp11.31) mosaicism. The man showed 2 intact copies of Yp11.31-q12 (chrY:2, 710, 250-57, 428, 567, SRY, ZFY, UTY and AZF), and the prenatal fetus exhibited similar findings except a paternal deletion in the AZFc region.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>idic(Y) (p11.31) causes short stature and male infertility. Array-CGH and MLPA can improve the accuracy of the diagnosis of 45, X/46, X, idic (Y) mosaicism, which may contribute to the studies of the phenotype-genotype correlation and clinical genetic counseling.</p>

Correlation of resistance to peer pressure and risky decision-making with adolescent health risk behaviors / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore possible interrelationships among resistance to peer pressure, risky decision-making and health risk behaviors among young adolescents.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on the cluster sampling method, the participants who were recruited from 5 junior middle schools in Guangzhou and 3 junior middle schools in Shenyang city on October, 2010, were administered to complete the questionnaire concerned with their experiences with drinking and smoking during the past 30 days preceding the survey, and the hours using computer daily both in weekdays and in weekend. The level of resistance to peer influence and risky decision-making were assessed by Resistance to peer influence scale (RPIS) and Youth decision-making questionnaire (YDMQ). Logistic regression was used to explore possible interrelationships among resistance to peer influence, risky decision-making and health risk behaviors among young adolescents.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 1985 questionnaires were valid, including 1001(50.4%) boys and 984 (49.6%) girls. About 27.1% (537/1985) junior middle school students reported having health risk behaviors, boys' (30.7%, 307/1001) was higher than girls' (23.4%, 230/984) with significant gender difference (P < 0.05). The prevalence of smoking, drinking during the past 30 days before the survey and using computer over 3 hours daily in weekdays and in weekend were 5.1% (102/1985), 14.3% (284/1985), 3.5% (70/1985) and 13.7% (272/1985), respectively. The rate of drinking, using computer over 3 hours daily in weekdays and in weekend were higher in males (16.4% (164/1001), 4.5% (45/1001), 16.2% (162/1001)) than those in females (12.2% (120/984), 2.5% (25/984), 11.2% (110/984)) (P < 0.05). The scores of RPIS and YDMQ of the two cities adolescents were 2.82 ± 0.39 and 1.68 ± 0.62. The students reported smoking, drinking during the past 30 days before the survey and using computer over 3 hours daily in weekend gained lower RPIS scores (2.43 ± 0.40, 2.61 ± 0.41, 2.77 ± 0.40) than their counterparts who didn't report these kind of health risk behaviors (2.84 ± 0.38, 2.85 ± 0.38, 2.82 ± 0.39)(P < 0.05). And those reported smoking, drinking during the past 30 days before the survey and using computer over 3 hours daily in weekdays and in weekend gained higher YDMQ scores (2.38 ± 0.66, 2.06 ± 0.66, 1.97 ± 0.72, 1.84 ± 0.64, respectively) than their counterparts who didn't report these kind of health risk behaviors (1.64 ± 0.38, 1.61 ± 0.58, 1.67 ± 0.61, 1.65 ± 0.61, respectively) (P < 0.05). After adjusting gender, area, parental education degree, self-reported family economic condition, multi-variant logistic regression analysis indicated that the low and middle level of resistance to peer influence (low and middle level vs high level, had odds ratios of 2.97 (1.96 - 4.50) and 1.51 (1.05 - 2.16)), and also the middle and high level of risky decision-making (middle and high level vs low level, had odds ratios of 1.62 (1.19 - 2.22) and 3.43 (2.39 - 4.90)) were all the risk factors of adolescent health risk behaviors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Adolescents with poor ability of resistance to peer pressure and high risky decision-making were both the risk factors of adolescent health risk behaviors.</p>

Clinical significance of large-scale screening of A1555G mutation of mitochondria DNA for neonates / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the necessity of large-scale screening of mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) A1555G mutation for prevention of aminoglycoside antibiotic induced deafness in newborns.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One thousand blood filter samples were collected from neonates born in July 2008 in Shenzhen. DNA was extracted with Chelex-100 Resin and amplified by PCR. The mtDNA A1555G mutation was determined by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography(DHPLC) for PCR products. The positive frequency was calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mitochondrial DNA A1555G mutation was detected in 2 cases of 1000 neonates. The frequency of mutation was 0.2%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There is a high frequency of mtDNA A1555G mutation in neonates, the large-scale screening of mtDNAA1555G mutation in newborns might detect the individuals sensitive to aminoglycoside antibiotic, which is helpful to guide a rational medication for newborns and the maternal relatives at high-risk. Furthermore, it might be useful to prevent aminoglycoside antibiotic induced deafness.</p>

Molecular and prenatal diagnosis for a Chinese pregnant woman with a novel mutation of β thalassemia / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To conduct molecular and prenatal diagnosis for a couple with β thalassemia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Blood routine examination and hemoglobin analysis were used for screening of thalassemia. Seventeen common Chinese mutations of β thalassemia were detected for the carriers with β thalassemia using PCR/RDB. The unknown mutation of β thalassemia was identified by DNA sequencing and DHPLC analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The husband was heterozygote of CD41/42 (-TCTT). The wife carried a mutation IVS-I-110 (G→A) of β thalassemia having not been reported in Chinese so far. The fetus was a double mutated heterozygote of IVS-I-110 (G→A) and CD41/42 (-TCTT). The pregnancy was terminated.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Mutation IVS-I-110 (G→A) of β thalassemia in Chinese is of importance to the genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis of thalassemia.</p>

Genetic analysis and prenatal diagnosis for a family with megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy and subcortical cysts / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify potential mutation in the MLC1 gene in a Chinese family affected with megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy and subcortical cysts (MLC), and to provide prenatal diagnosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Genomic DNA of the patients, their parents and younger sister were extracted from peripheral blood. That of the fetus was extracted from an amniotic fluid sample. A total of 12 exons and at least 100 bp flanking the intronic sequence of the MLC1 gene were amplified with PCR. MLC1 mutations were screened by sequencing. Linkage analysis was performed for the family to assure accuracy of prenatal diagnosis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The two patients were both heterozygote for c.177_178delG (p.Ser60AlafsX5) mutation in exon 2 and c.598-2A>C change in intron 7. The c.177_178delG mutation was inherited from the father, and the c.598-2A>C mutation was inherited from the mother. The younger sister and the fetus have both inherited c.177_178delG from the father but did not inherit c.598-2A>C from the mother. Prenatal diagnosis suggested the fetus to be a carrier for a MLC1 mutation. Linkage analysis was consistent with the result of mutation detection. The fetus was born normal as predicted.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The c.598-2A>C is a novel splicing mutation. Prenatal diagnosis through DNA sequencing and linkage analysis were performed for the first time on Chinese patients with MLC.</p>

GJB2 gene mutation in deaf patients / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the GJB2 gene mutation in patients with autosomal-recessive deafness, and analyze the relationship between clinical phenotype and gene mutation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-two patients were examined clinically by pure tone audiometry, acoustic impedance and auditory brainstem response. The complete coding region of the GJB2 gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the PCR products were subjected to automatic DNA sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Two cases had homozygous mutation of 235delC. One of them had sensorineural hearing loss while the other had mixed hearing loss. Heterozygous mutation of 176del16bp was detected in a pair of twins who had mixed hearing loss. The 109G to A, 79G to A and 341A to G mutations were observed in both the patients and the controls.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Homozygous 235delC mutation is one of the pathogeni c mutations which could occur in patients with mixed hearing loss. The heterozygous 176del16bp mutation combined with environmental factor may cause hearing loss. The 109G to A, 79G to A and 341A to G variants were considered to be polymorphisms of the GJB2 gene.</p>

Analysis of responses and prognostic factors in different chemotherapy regimens for metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a report of 171 cases / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this study was to compare the results of different combined chemotherapy regimens and to find the best regimen for metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and determine its prognostic factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 171 patients with pathologically proven metastatic NPC were retrospectively analyzed. Of them, 26 were treated with best support care (BSC group), 92 with platinum-based regimen of two drugs (FP group: 5-Fu and cisplatin; TP group: paclitaxel and cisplatin; DP group: docetaxel and cisplatin), and 53 with platinum-based regimen of three-drugs (TFP group: FP plus paclitaxel, DFP group: FP plus doxtale).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The response rate (RR) in the three-drug regimens was significantly higher than that in the two-drug regimen (84.9% vs. 52.2%, P = 0.000), however, grade III approximately IV myelosuppression in the three-drug regimen group was also significantly higher than that in the two-drug regimen (58.5% vs. 27.2%, P = 0.000). Among the groups treated with platinum-based combination regimens of either two drugs or three drugs, no significant differences were observed in RR (P = 0.967, P = 0.400) or median survival time (MST) (P = 0.278, P = 0.413). The MST and one-year survival rate were 4.0 months, 13.2 months and 15.0 months, 24.0%, 64.1% and 70.3% in the BSC group, two-drug group and three-drug group, respectively. The MST in the chemotherapy group was significantly longer than that in BSC group (P = 0.000). Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that Karnovsky performance scores, time to progression or chemotherapy cycles were independent prognostic factors (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Chemotherapy can improve the survival of metastatic NPC. Platinum-based combination regimen with two drugs is still the standard treatment. The combination regimens with three drugs can increase the RR, but no survival benefit can be achieved for its high toxicity.</p>

The SonneLuxe sonodynamic therapy for S-180 sarcoma in mice / 肿瘤

Objective: Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), using sono-sensitizer and ultrasound, is a new combined therapy for cancer treatment. The study used ultrasound to stimulate sono-sensitizer SonneLuxe, and study the tumor-killing effects of SDT on S-180 sarcoma in mice. Methods: The mice bearing S180 sarcoma were injected i. p. SonneLuxe 20 mg/kg. Six hours later, the tumor area was irradiated by 1.0 MHz ultrasound for 3 min. The mice were divided into three groups which were irradiated by ultrasound at intensity of 0.3 W/cm2, 0.6 W/cm2 and 1.2 W/cm2, respectively. The empty control, ultrasound-irradiated, and SonneLuxe-treated mice bearing S-180 sarcoma were used as different controls. The tumor size was recorded every 2 days and the tumor was weighted on the 15th day after treatment. Results: Ultrasound or SonneLuxe alone had no significant killing effect on S-180 sarcoma in mice. The proliferation of tumor was significant. SDT/SonneLuxe stimulated by ultrasound had significant inhibitory effect on the growth of S-180 sarcoma. The efficacy of SDT was enhanced accompanied with the increase in the ultrasound intensity. The adverse reaction such as photosensitive dermatitis was not observed. Conclusion: SonneLuxe/SDT had significant killing effect on S-180 sarcoma in mice. It may be a promising modality for cancer therapy.

Dosimetrical optimization study of intensity modulated radiotherapy for intact breast / 中国癌症杂志

Background and purpose:Intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMRT) can significantly improve the dosimetric distribution of both the target and organs at risk compared to tangential irradiation for whole breast. However,its optimized methods remain different and conflicting for many radiotherapy institutions.In order to achieve the optimized planning of IMRT for the irradiation of intact breast,we investigated different optimizing methods in three dimensional radiotherapy planning system.Methods:Ten patients with early-stage breast cancer after breast conserving surgery were eligible for the study.Two kinds of plans were performed on each patient in three-dimensional treatment planning system,inverse planning IMRT and forward planning IMRT which included 3 different optimizing methods as manual optimizing(MO),multiple points optimizing(PO) and automated inverse optimizing(AO).Various parameters were used to evaluate the efficacy of different IMRT plans.All plans were compared using dose volume histograms(DVH) for the planning target volume(PTV) and organs at risk(OARs).Results:For MO,PO,AO forward plans and inverse plans,median number of segments were 5,5.5,5 and 20 respectively,and mean total MU were 225.8, 228.4,226.4 and 345.8 MU,respectively.Comparing the different forward planning optimizations,the best target coverage and dose homogeneity of PTV was observed in AO plans(P(?)0.01),and PO and AO plans showed a better reduction of OARs exposure compared with MO plans(P(?)0.05).A further improvement of dose homogeneity in the PTV and better sparing of OARs was achieved using inverse planning(P(?)0.05).Conclusion:Forward planning IMRT with AO optimization for intact breast irradiation could provide both efficacy and dosimetric advantages better than others.The inverse IMRT plan showed more potential in improving the dosimetric outcomes.However,further studies are required for inverse optimizing plans.

Lyman NTCP model analysis of radiaton-induced liver disease in hypofractionated conformal radiotherapy for primary liver carcinoma / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To-identify the factors associated with radiation-induced liver disease (RILD) and to describe the probability of RILD using the Lyman normal tissue complication(NTCP) model for primary liver carcinoma(PLC) treated with hypofractionated conformal therapy (CRT).Methods A total of 109 PLC patients treated with hypofractionated CRT were prospectively followed according to the Child-Pugh classification for liver cirrhosis,93 patients in class A and 16 in class B.The mean dose of radi- ation to the isocenter was (53.5?5.5) Gy,fractions of (4.8?0.5) Gy,with interfraction interval of 48 hours and irradiation 3 times per week.Maximal likelihood analysis yielded the best estimates of parameters of the Lyman NTCP model for all patients;Child-Pugh A and Child-Pugh B patients,respectively.Results Of all the patients,17 developed RILD (17/109),8 in Child-Pugh A(8/93 ) and 9 in Child-Pugh B(9/ 16).By multivariate analysis,only the Child-Pugh Grade of liver cirrhosis was the independent factor (P= 0.000) associated with the developing of RILD.The best estimates of the NTCP parameters for all 109 pa- tients were n=1.1,m=0.35 and TD_(50) (1)=38.5 Gy.The n,m,TD_(50) (1) estimated from patients with Child-Pugh A was 1.1,0.28,40.5 Gy,respectively,compared with 0.7,0.43,23 Gy respectively,for patients with Child-Pugh B.Conclusions Primary liver cancer patients who possess Child-Pugh B cirrho- sis would present a significantly greater susceptibility to RILD after hypofractionated CRT than patients with Child-Pugh A cirrhosis.The predominant risk factor for developing RILD is the severity of hepatic cirrhosis in the liver of PLC patients.

Development and application of network system in radiotherapy / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To develop a network system for radiotherapy.Methods Delphi 6.0 lan- guage was used to program the system based on PACS through the model of client-server machine and local network.Data of different facilities were transferred among each other through Dicom 3.0 and Dicom RT pro- tocol.Results The main function of this system was a management software for radiotherapy,a PACS sys- tem,a TPS system and a therapeutic machine system.Conclusion The network system operates steadily with data safe and reliable,and is an important part of the information construction in the department of radio- therapy

Effect on dose owing to source displacement in coronary endovascular brachytherapy / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect on the dose distribution of source position displacement with the target region margin in catheter-based 192Ir line source endovascular brachytherapy.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Dose rate distribution along longitudinal axes was estimated by the formula recommended by AAPM No.60 and No. 43.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the two cases of source displacement (1.1 and 5 mm) doses of target region margin was decreased dramatically (at most 53.9% and 565.8% respectively) were compared to that of no source displacement, and the affected range was 6 mm and 9 mm respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Source displacement will lead to the decrease of dose in target region margin.</p>