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AIM:To explore the effect of HbA1c level in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the rheological properties of erythrocytes and the structure of hemoglobin (Hb).METHODS:The patients with T2DM were classified into 3 groups:the patients with good glycaemic control (group A, HbA1c<7.0%), the patients with poor glycaemic control (group B, 7.0%≤HbA1c<9.0%) and the patients with persistent hyperglycemia (group C, HbA1c≥9.0%) .The rheological properties of a single living erythrocyte were analyzed by the techniques of static imaging and anal -ysis.Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy was used to study the structure of Hb .RESULTS: Compared with group H , the roundness effect factor (REF) of erythrocytes, which was positively related with HbA1c level, was significantly increased in groups A, B and C (P<0.05).The contact area of erythrocytes in group B and all the morphological parameters of erythrocytes in group C were significantly higher than those in group H ( P <0.05 ) .There were significant differences among groups A , B and C in deformation capacity and elastic parameters of the cell membrane ( P<0.05 ) , but with no difference in the long axis and short axis between group A and group B .Compared with group H , no obvious change in the spectral pattern and spectrum peak of Hb in groups A , B and C was observed.However, the absorbance of Hb, which showed a trend of gradual decline with the increase in HbA 1c level, in group B and group C was significantly decreased as compared with group H (P<0.01), and the Hb absorbance in group C were also lower than that in group A (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:With the increase in HbA1c level, the morphology along with the deformation function of erythrocytes in T2DM changes and declines gradually , and the structure of Hb may also change .
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Objective To report two cases of familial Gitelman syndrome and literature review regarding the updates of relevant genes,classification,treatment,and prognosis.Methods The clinical data of two sisters with Gitelman syndrome were retrospectively analyzed.Results Their blood pressures were within normal range.Hypokalaemic alkalosis,hypomagnesemia,and hypocalciuria were corrected almost completely after three days of intravenous magnesium and potassium infusion,spirolactone and indometacin.However,the maintenance of normal potassium was unsuccessful over one year.Conclusion Hypokalaemic alkalosis,hypomagnesemia,and hypocalciuria were normalized in Gitelman syndrome.There was some debate in regard to using PGE2 synthetase inhibitors.Tolerance of long-term medication will be the big challenge for curative effect.
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Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with L isteria septicemia for better clinical diagnosis and management of the disease .Methods A retrospective study was carried out in 13 patients with confirmed diagnosis of Listeria septicemia from July 2009 to November 2013 in West China Hospital of Sichuan University .The clinical features ,laboratory tests ,treatments and clinical outcomes were reviewed and analyzed . Results The vast majority of the 13 patients were immunocompromised or with critical organ dysfunction . The in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing indicated that penicillin ,ampicillin and levofloxacin were the most active agents against Listeria ,followed by imipenem ,erythromycin , ciprofloxacin and tetracycline .Only 33 .3% of the 13 Listeria isolates were sensitive to oxacillin .Eight patients were cured ,2 improved ,2 died after therapy .The remaining one patient gave up therapy .Conclusions The incidence of Listeria septicemia was associated with advanced age and presence of underlying diseases .Early etiology diagnosis and appropriate antibacterial therapy can improve the outcome of such patients .Actively treating underlying diseases helps reduce the mortality rate .
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Expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and its receptor (gp80、gp130) in 8 patients with Graves' disease (GD) were compared with those in 8 euthyroid patients with nodular goiter or benign thyroid adenoma. The thyroid tissues of GD expressed significantly higher IL-6 mRNA, gp130 mRNA and IL-6 protein than those of the control group, suggesting that activated IL-6/gp130 signal pathway in the thyroid tissue may contribute to the pathogenesis of GD.
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Objective This study intended to explore the relationship of the polymorphisms of phase Ⅱ metabolic genes (GSTM1 and EPHX1), smoking, alcohol drinking and their interactions on risk of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Methods Using multiplex PCR and PCR-RFLP, the genotypes of GSTM1 and EPHX1 were analyzed in 105 patients with HCC and 151 health controls in Guangxi. The state of smoking and alcohol drinking were investigated. Results The frequency of the GSTM1 null genotype in cases was 64.76% and 50.99% in controls, which was significantly different(P
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OBJECTIVE To evaluate the risk factors, therapy and prognosis of multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. METHODS We made retrospective study of multi-drug resistant P. aeruginosa infection cases from Jan 2000 to Dec 2004 proved by samples tests. RESULTS Thirty four cases were infected by multi-drug resistant P. aeruginosa, 29 cases were with hospital infection. Among the 34 cases infected by multi-drug resistant P. aeruginosa, the mortality was 67.7%. There were 34 cases concomitant with 1-5 kinds of underlying diseases. There were 26 cases infected with more than 2 kinds of bacteria. CONCLUSIONS Multi-drug resistant P. aeruginosa infection mostly happens in old men, incorporated with underlying diseases and mixed bacterial infection .
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Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of insulin Lispro in type 1 or type 2 diabetic patients.Methods Forty diabetic patients were assigned to receive premeal insulin Lispro plus bedtime Neutral Protamine Hagedorn(NPH)insulin for 12 weeks.The following characters were compared between before and after treatment,including fasting plasma glucose(FPG),1 h and 2 h postprandial glucose(after a standardized meal),glycosylated hemoglobin(GHbA_1c)levels,total daily insulin dose and the number of hypoglycemic episodes.Results Thirty-nine subjects fulfilled the study.After 12 weeks of Lispro treatment,the levels of FPG and 1 h and 2 h postprandial glucose were decreased significantly,being 1.12 mmol/L,2.37 mmol/L and 1.92 mmol/L respectively;GHbA_1c was decreased by 1.45%(from 8.9% to 7.5%).The dose of insulin Lispro was not changed,compared with the dose of regular human insulin at baseline.The incidence of hypoglycemia was decreased from 19.5 every week at baseline to 9.8 every week with Lispro.Conclusion Insulin Lispro is an effective agent for good glucose control with fewer hypoglycemic episodes in diabetic patients.
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Screening the 2512 employees aged 20~94 years in Fushan city by 75 g OGTT showed that 5.51 mmol/L of FPG was the optimal cut-point for diagnosis of diabetes with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 80%; 5.15 mmol/L of FPG was the optimal cut-point for the diagnosis of IGT.It is reasonable to lower FPG cut-point for IFG.
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The standardized prevalences of CDS suggestiondiagnosed metabolic syndrome(MS) and its components were 11.46% in MS,5.17% in diabetes,16.35% in hypertension,25.59% in high triglyceride level,4.72% in low HDL-C level,18.84% in overweight or obesity in 2512 randomized official employees in Fushan city of Guangdong province in 2003.The MS prevalence was increased with ageing.