High preoperative neutrophile-lymphocyte ratio predicts poor prognosis of patients undergoing radical cystectomy for nonurothelial carcinoma of the bladder / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the predictive value of high preoperative neutrophile-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for the prognosis of nonurothelial carcinoma of the bladder (NUBC) after radical cystectomy (RC). 【Methods】 Clinical and follow-up data of NUBC patients undergoing RC during Jan.2005 and Dec.2020 were collected. The optimal cut-off value of NLR was determined with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The survival curve was drawn with Kaplan-Meier method to compare the differences in cancer specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) between the high-NLR and low-NLR groups. The independent risk factors of CSS and OS were screened with Cox proportional hazard regression model. 【Results】 Of the 62 eligible cases,34 (54.8%) were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma,17 (27.4%) with squamous cell carcinoma, 6 (9.7%) with small cell carcinoma and 5 (8.1%) with sarcoma. Kaplan-Meier analysis results showed high NLR was associated with poor CSS (P=0.001) and OS (P<0.001). Cox regression results indicated that high NLR (HR=2.42, 95%CI: 1.12-5.23, P=0.025) and advanced pathologic tumor stage (HR=3.21, 95%CI:1.53-6.74,P=0.002) were independent risk factors of unfavorable CSS. Similarly, high NLR (HR=2.75, 95%CI: 1.35-5.56, P=0.005) and advanced pathologic tumor stage (HR=2.81, 95%CI:1.43-5.57, P=0.003) were independent risk factors of unfavorable OS. 【Conclusion】 As an independent risk factor of unfavorable CSS and OS in NUBC patients undergoing RC, high preoperative NLR is of great value in the prediction of long-term prognosis and may help to optimize individualized treatment.

Clinical prediction model of moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea in snoring patients / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To establish a simple and efficient clinical prediction model of moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea (OSAHS) in snoring patients based on the clinical data and morphological measurement data in order to increase the early diagnosis and then early intervention of OSAHS. The prediction model is evaluated by external validation.Methods:A total of 299 subjects from January 2015 to December 2018 were selected to perform polysomngraphy (PSG) in Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine. According to the PSG results, they were divided into moderate and severe OSAHS groups (143 cases) and control groups (156 cases). Clinical complications data and morphological measurement data were collected. The regression equation and ROC curve were established according to the Logistic regression method. Then, another 110 subjects from January 2019 to October 2019 were chosen as verified data group, and used to verify the accuracy of the prediction model. The data of 110 subjects were put into the equation according to risk factors and assignment. The ROC curve was drawn and the area under the curve was calculated. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated.Results:The predicted equation was: y = -10.707 86+0.589 60 × sex+ 0.141 61 × BMI+ 1.281 62 × tonsil size degree+ 1.807 43 × modified Mallampati degree′tongue position. The AUC of the ROC curve of prediction model in training set was 0.851(95% CI 0.807-0.895), the sensitivity was 83.9%, the specificity was 79.5%, and the cut-off value was 0.634.The AUC of the ROC curve in validation set was 0.827(95% CI 0.751-0.904) with a sensitivity of 73.3% and a specificity of 86.0%, and an accuracy of 79.1%. Its positive predictive value was 5.238, and negative predictive value was 0.310. Conclusions:The predictive model constructed by the combination of clinically accessible data (sex) and morphological measurement (BMI, tonsil size degree, modifiedMallampatidegree) has a relatively high predictive efficiency for screening snoring patients with moderate and severe OSAHS. The predictive model is proved with good forecast accuracy by the external verification method.

Clinicopathological features and prognosis of pleomorphic giant cell adenocarcinoma of the prostate / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological features and prognosis of pleomorphic giant cell adenocarcinoma (PGCA) of the prostate, and to strengthen the understanding of this rare variant.Methods:From January 2009 to December 2019, 383 pathological samples of prostate adenocarcinoma with Gleason scores of 8-10 were selected from the First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University. PGCA was screened by reviewing the histomorphology of hematoxylin and eosin stained sections. Then the expression of prostate specific markers and mismatch repair (MMR) proteins of PGCA were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and microsatellite instability (MSI) status was detected through polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-capillary electrophoresis. Meanwhile, the clinicopathological characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of PGCA were summarized and analyzed along with those reported in the literature.Results:Three patients with PGCA of the prostate were 68, 63 and 71 years old respectively, and case 1 had a history of transurethral resection of the prostate and oral bicalutamide 3 months before surgery. All 3 patients underwent radical prostatectomy and received endocrine therapy, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, and died at 18, 23, and 10 months after surgery, respectively. Histologically, both the usual prostate adenocarcinoma with Gleason score of 9-10 and the pleomorphic giant cell component with anaplastic characteristics were observed in 3 tumors, and the latter accounted for 90%, 10%, and 20%, respectively. Immunohistochemical staining showed that both components expressed epithelial markers (CK, CK8/18) and prostate-specific markers (NKX3.1, PSA, P504S) to varying degrees, and the expression of MMR proteins (MSH2, MSH6, MLH1 and PMS2) were not defective. MSI was not detected in the usual prostate adenocarcinoma and pleomorphic giant cell components obtained by microdissection in 3 cases. Combined with 10 cases reported in the literature, there were totally 13 cases of PGCA for reviewing. The patients were 45-81 years old, the average age was 66 years old, and the median age was 66 years old. During the follow-up period of 3-36 months, 7 cases relapsed/metastasized, 6 cases died within 23 months after diagnosis, and 4 of which died within 1 year.Conclusions:PGCA is a newly recognized rare variant of prostate adenocarcinoma. At present, all cases are accompanied with high-grade usual prostate adenocarcinoma with Gleason score of 9-10, but it is different from the latter in pathological morphology and clinical manifestations, by presenting high invasiveness and poor prognosis. PGCA is not sensitive to conventional endocrine therapy, radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Accurate diagnosis of PGCA is helpful to judge the prognosis of patients and guide the treatment.

Effects of long-chain non-coding RNA CASC9 targeting miRNA-195-5p on cell proliferation and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer BxPC-3 cells / 中华胰腺病杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) tumor susceptibility candidate gene 9 (CASC9) on the proliferation and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cell BxPC-3, and to identify the targeting relationship between miR-195-5p and CASC9.Methods:40 pairs of pancreatic cancer tissues and adjacent normal pancreas tissues resected by surgery and diagnosed by histopathology in Xiangyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine from April 2017 to May 2018 were collected. Four pancreatic cancer cells (AsPC-1, HPAC, BxPC-3, PANC1) and normal pancreatic ductal epithelial cells HPDE6-C7 were used in experiments. The expression level of CASC9 in pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The BxPC-3 cells were divided into si-CASC9 group (transfected with siRNA against CASC9), si-control group (transfected with siRNA that did not match CASC9), CACS9 group (transfected with CASC9 overexpressed plasmid), and CASC9/miR-195-5p group (co-transfected with CASC9 overexpressed plasmid and miR-195-5p mimics). Cell proliferation activity was detected by MTT assay. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of Bax and Bcl-2. The targeting relationship between CASC9 and miR-195-5p was identified by bioinformatics analysis and luciferase assay.Results:The expression level of CASC9 in pancreatic cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues (4.7±1.25 vs 2.15±0.82, P=0.04), and the expression levels of CASC9 in pancreatic cancer cell lines AsPC-1, HPAC, BxPC-3, and PANC1 cells were 1.43±0.12, 1.86±0.13, 2.03±0.14, and 1.73±0.15, respectively, which were significantly higher than that in HPDE6-C7 cells (1.00±0.10, P<0.001). The expression in BxPC-3 cells was the highest. The proliferation activity of cells in si-CASC9 group decreased significantly compared with that in si-control group (on day 3 0.57±0.05 vs 0.72±0.04, P=0.01; and on day 4 0.75±0.07 vs 0.95±0.07, P=0.02). Bax expression was up-regulated (1.39±0.13 vs 1.07±0.11, P=0.03), while Bcl-2 expression was significantly down-regulated (1.44±0.11 vs 1.71±0.12, P=0.04). The cell proliferation activity of CASC9/miR-195-5p group was significantly decreased compared with that of CASC9 group ( P<0.005). The expression level of Bax was significantly higher than that of CASC9 group (0.68±0.04 vs 0.56±0.03, P=0.01), and the expression level of Bcl-2 was significantly lower than that of CASC9 group (1.05±0.03 vs 1.47±0.04, P<0.001). Conclusions:miR-195-5p can reverse the effect of CASC9 on promoting proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells by targeting lncRNA CASC9.

AcuD Gene Knockout Attenuates the Virulence of Talaromyces marneffei in a Zebrafish Model

Talaromyces marneffei is the only dimorphic species in its genus and causes a fatal systemic mycosis named talaromycosis. Our previous study indicated that knockdown of AcuD gene (encodes isocitrate lyase of glyoxylate bypass) of T. marneffei by RNA interference approach attenuated the virulence of T. marneffei, while the virulence of the AcuD knockout strains was not studied. In this study, T. marneffei-zebrafish infection model was successfully established through hindbrain microinjection with different amounts of T. marneffei yeast cells. After co-incubated at 28°C, the increasing T. marneffei inoculum doses result in greater larval mortality; and hyphae generation might be one virulence factor involved in T. marneffei-zebrafish infection. Moreover, the results demonstrated that the virulence of the ΔAcuD was significantly attenuated in this Zebrafish infection model.

Female robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy with intracorporeal orthotopic W-shaped ileal neobladder / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To report the technique and effect of robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy (RARC) totally intracorporeal orthotopic ileal neobladder in female bladder cancer patient.Methods A consecutive series of 5 female patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder,who underwent RARC,bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection and intracorporeal orthotopic W-shaped ileal neobladder by an experienced robotic surgeon,were included in the retrospective study,from December 2017 to March 2018.Data were reviewed retrospectively.The patients aged 51-68 years old,with mean age 62.2 years,and BMI was 13.6-22.8 kg/m2,mean 18.1 kg/m2.The specimens were removed from the vagina.A 40 cm bowel segment with detubularisation was chosen for the W-shaped neobladder which was constructed manually.All patients resumed ambulation on postoperative 2 days and resumed oral feeding on postoperative day 3.The single-J stents and catheter were removed 12 days and 2 weeks after operation,respectively.Results All operation were performed successfully.The average operation time was 384.2 min (ranging 355-428 min) with mean estimated blood loss of 620 ml (ranging 150-1 800 ml).And the average number of dissected lymph nodes was 15 (ranging 10-20).The neobladder and urethra anastomotic leakage was observed in one patient who was healed after 2 weeks indwell catheter.Small bowel obstruction occurred in one case 3 weeks after operation and recovered after conservative treatment.The daytime urinary control was good,and 1 cases had urinary incontinence at night (follow up 4-7months,median:5.5months).No recurrence or metastasis was observed during routine follow-up.The imaging showed the good morphology of the upper urinary tract and the new bladder.Conclusions Our initial experience supports the feasibility and advantage of totally intracorporeal orthotopic W-shaped ileal neobladder following RARC in female patient with bladder cancer.It is worth to further verification in a large sample with longer follow-up.

Comparative analysis of intervention in patients with chronic kidney disease at home and abroad / 中国实用护理杂志

This paper summarizes the intervention of chronic kidney disease at home and abroad from the intervention places, objects, contents, methods, executants and evaluation. Some intervention problems have been found in this paper: intervention places do not extend to the basic medical institutions; we draw less attention to those patients with special health needs; the theoretical basis of intervention strategies is inadequate; the content and evaluation of intervention are not comprehensive. The intervention research of chronic kidney disease in China is still a long way to go.

Comparison of clinical efficacy of enhancement controllable output channel narrowed ileal bladder suspension surgery with traditional ileal neobladder / 重庆医学

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy and explore the clinical application value of the enhancement controlla-ble output channel narrowed ileal bladder suspension surgery and traditional ileal neobladder after total cystectomy.Methods From January 2001 to August 2009,42 patients with bladder cancer received enhancement controllable output channel narrowed ileal blad-der suspension surgery after total cystectomy;and 46 patients received ileal neobladder after total cystectomy.Their clinical data, perioperative situation,postoperative complications and tumor progress were analyzed.Results In regard to the blood loss,postop-erative hospital stay,and postoperative recent or far complications,both surgical methods had no significant statistical difference (P >0.05).The group of Enhanced controllable output channel narrowing ileal bladder suspension surgery was good control of uri-nation after operation(P <0.05).Conclusion Enhancement controllable output channel narrowed ileal bladder suspension surgery has good clinical effect and safety.It is especially suitable for the patients who need control inurine and don′t accepted orthotopic neobladder.

Evaluation of the application of regional citrate anticoagulation in sustained low efficiency hemodialysis / 中华内科杂志

Objective To compare the anticoagulation effect of regional citrate and heparin in patients with sustained low-efficiency hemodialysis (SLED).Method This study was conducted in the teaching hospital of Sichuan University between November 2011 and January 2013.Sixty-three patients suffering from acute kidney injury or end-stage renal diseases (ESRD) were enrolled and further randomized to 2 groups:citrate and heparin anticoagulation treatment groups in SLED.SLED was conducted by Fresenius 4008sARrTplus dialyzer for 8 hours each session,and blood flow was set at 150 ml/min.Prothrombin time (PT),activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and platelet (PLT) count were analyzed.Result Sixty-three patients underwent 118 sessions of SLED.Among them,59 patients (93.7％) was discharged after treatment or converted to outpatient intermittent hemodialysis,and 4 patients died of multiple organ failure during hospitalization.Compared with that in the citrate group,both PT and APTT in heparin group was significantly higher [PT:(15.5 ± 2.0) s vs (12.3 ± 2.7) s,P ＜ 0.001 ; APTF:(56.0 ± 10.9) s vs (32.8 ± 6.1) s,P ＜ 0.001 ; respectively] at 2 h during SLED.However,the PT and APTT levels in heparin group decreased afterwards and were similar with those in the citrate groups at 5 h during treatment.There is no difference on PLT counts between these two groups after treatment.Conclusion The anticoagulation effect of regional citrate and heparin was similar in patients when receiving SLED.Regional citrate may be an alternative anticoagulant approach for the patients at high risk of bleeding who require the treatment of SLED.

A retrospective clinical study of the therapeutic effect of subscapularis transthoracic and posterolateral approach for upper thoracic tuberculosis / 中华骨科杂志

Objective To compare the therapeutic effect of debridement,bony fusion and internal fixation through subscapularis transthoracic and posterolateral approach in treating upper thoracic tuberculosis.Methods Between January 2002 to February 2014,a total of 43 patients with upper thoracic tuberculosis were analyzed retrospectively.There were 21 patients in subscapularis transthoracic approach group and 22 patients in posterolateral approach group.Several parameters of the two groups were compared,including gender,age,segmental tuberculosis,intraoperative blood loss,operative time,complications of operation,hospital stay,the cure rate,the Cobb angle,Frankel scale and so on.Results There was no significant difference in gender,age,segmental tuberculosis,ESR,Frankel scale,Cobb angle between the two groups before surgery.The operative time was 196± 10 min in subscapularis transthoracic approach group,whereas it was 142±13 min in posterolateral approach group.The operative time of subscapularis transthoracic approach group was significantly longer than posterolateral approach group.There was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss,complications of operation,hospital stay and the cure rate.The followed up of subscapularis transthoracic approach group and posterolateral approach group was 28.0± 14.7 months and 27.3± 15.5 months respectively.The preoperative Cobb angle was 36.5°±4.8° and the postoperative Cobb angle was 24.8°±5.6° in subscapularis transthoracic approach group.The correction rate was 30.9％.The preoperative Cobb angle was 34.5°±5.2° and the postoperative Cobb angle was 10.2°±2.6° in posterolateral approach group.The correction rate was 68.5％.Thus,the correction rate of posterolateral approach group was significant better than subscapularis transthoracic approach group.The neurological score of Frankel scale was significantly restored in two groups after operation,and there was no significant difference between two groups.Conclusion For upper thoracic tuberculosis,the therapeutic effect of debridement,bony fusion and internal fixation through subscapularis transthoracic and posterolateral approach could achieve the same good clinical results.However,the posterolateral approach was better than subscapularis transthoracic approach in surgical trauma,surgical duration and kyphosis correction.Therefore,it is recommended to use the posterolateral approach in treating upper thoracic tuberculosis.

Surgical treatment of post-traumatic complex posterior urethral stricture in male patients / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of post-traumatic complex posterior urethral stricture in the male patients.Methods Clinical data of 479 male patients with post-traumatic complex posterior urethral stricture were reviewed.One-stage resection of the stenosis and end-to-end anastomosis was performed in 422 patients and scrotal flap with blood pedicle posterior urethroplasty in 57.Results The mean operation time was 115 minutes(range,90-140 minutes).The mean blood loss was 225 ml(range,100-300 ml).No intraoperative blood transfusion was needed.The mean follow-up time was 15 months(range,12-24 months).Among the 422 patients performed end-to-end anastomosis,386 patients had good voiding and 36 had dysuria because of the formation of anastomotic stoma valve(21 patients)or stricture ring(15 patients).The problem was resolved by transurethral valve/stricture ring resection.Among 57 patients undergone posterior urethroplasty,45 patients had good voiding nine patients were found with anterior urethra-skin tube anastomotic stoma stricture,of which four patients were treated by urethral dilatation and five by endourethrotomy; three patients were found with posterior urethra-skin tube anastomotic stoma stricture,of which one patient was treated by urethral dilation and two by endourethrotomy.Conclusions One-stage resection of the stenosis and end-to-end anastomosis is the main treatment for post-traumatic complex posterior urethral stricture.If the condition of the patients does not allow the end-to-end anastomosis,posterior urethroplasty can be an alternative.

Acquiring homozygous tetraploid germplasm by PEG-mediated protoplast fusion of Rhodiola sachalinensis / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To acquire homozygous tetraploid germplasm of Rhodiola sachalinensis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>PEG-mediated protoplast fusions were conducted using callus of Rh. sachalinensis as materials. Protoplast fusion products were embedded and cultured in low-density, low-melting-point agar and marked according to the protoplast size, and single-celled sister lines were established to acquire genetically homozygous tetraploid germplasm.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>R(D) and R(M) of newborn daughter cells or protoplasm, metaphase cells or protoplasm were approximately in line with the formula R(D) = 0.793 7R(M). The change range in diameter of the diploid cells without fusion, two protoplasts fusion product were: 16.7 microm < or = R < 21.3 microm, 21.0 microm < or = R' < 26.8 microm respectively. There is an overlap between the two diameter ranges. The protoplast inoculation density of 1 x 10(4) cells x mL(-1) was appropriate when protoplasts were anchored by low-intensity, low-melting-point agar. Under the conditions of this density, plating efficiency was high and single cell origin of the sister lines microclones grew rapidly, and it was easy to mark the single cell microclones, and separate from each other to subculture. The chromosome counts results showed that chromosome numbers of diploid and tetraploid of single cell lines were 26 and 52, respectively. The result from flow cytometry assay showed that there is no presence of chimerism in single-cell regeneration plantlets.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results of this study provide a scientific basis for polyploid breeding of Rh. sachalinensis.</p>

Detection of Carcinoma of Urinary Bladder by Fluorescence in situ Hybridization / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To study the molecular cytogenetic alterations of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder with exfoliated cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) analysis of chromosome-specific probes.METHODS FISH was performed using 3,7,9 and 17 of chromosome-specific probes to examine chromosome aberration of exfoliated cells in 50 urine samples from patients with transitional cell urinary bladder carcinoma.RESULTS The frequency of numerical aberration of chromosomes 3,7,9 and 17 was 28%,32%,56% and 38% in urinary exfoliated cells,respectively.Loss of chromosome 9 was the most common finding,but it was not correlated with pathological grade of cancer and stage of the disease.Abnormality of chromosomes 3,7 and 17 was associated with the clinical stage.CONCLUSIONS A number of chromosome aberrations are detected in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder by FISH technique which provides a basis for further understanding of its molecular pathogenesis.It is a rapid,accurate and very sensitive method and can be used in clinical diagnosis.

Clinical advance of orthotopic bladder replacement after radical cystectomy / 肿瘤研究与临床

The surgical technique of total bladder replacement orthotopic intestinal neobladder has already been a well accepted method for urinary tract reconstruction after cystectomy in woad wide medical center in past 20 yeas.In this review,the update advance and viewpoint in some critical aspects of patients selection,reflux prevention,upper tract safety,continence,oncology safety,specific complications and quality of life were evaluated in the orthotopic bladder replacement.It is possible that the orthotopic bladder replacement become a new gold standard in urinary diversion after radical cystectomy.

Effect of Ca2+-almodulin on contraction of M3R-mediated detrusor muscle cell / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Muscarine receptor plays a key role in adjusting contraction of detrusor muscle cell, and M3R, isoforms of its receptor, can mediate contraction of detrusor muscle cell directly. Ca2+ is the direct factor in stimulating contraction of detrusor muscle cell. Of several 10 kinds of Ca2+conjugable receptors protein, Ca2+ conjugated with different receptor proteins can adjust various reactions.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Ca2+-calmodulin (Ca2+-CaM) on contraction of M3R-mediated detrusor muscle cell.DESIGN: Compared observation .on the basis of detrusor muscle cell.SETTING: Ourological Center of Southwest Hospital of the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed at Central Laboratory of Southwest Hospital of the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. Healthy Wistar rats were selected in this study.METHODS: The primary cultured detrusor muscle cells were divided into experimental group and control group. Cells were inoculated in 6-well plate, and 10-4 mmol/L carbachol and M2R antagonist were added to cells of the experimental group during 70% confluence to block M3R and M2R respectively. Ca2+ concentration and CaM activity were detected by Ca2+ test kit and CaM test kit respectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes of [Ca2+]I concentration and CaM activity of cells in both groups.RESULTS: The mean channel fluorescence values (log) of [Ca2+]I and CaM were higher in the experimental group than those in the control group(3.26±0.38, 2.06±0.12; 2.87±0.34, 2.14±0.24, P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Results in this study suggest that Ca2+-CaM participates in adjusting contraction of M3R-mediated detrusor muscle cells through signal transduction.

Heparanase expression in bladder transitional cell carcinoma and its correlation with clinical pathological features / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To explore the expression of heparanase(HPA)and its correlation with the clinical pathological features and angiogenesis in bladder transitional cell carcinoma.Methods HPA mRNA level was detected with RT-PCR and its protein level was determined by immunohistochemical staining in 68 cases of bladder cancer and 24 cases of adjacent tissues of bladder cancer.Results The positive rate of HPA mRNA was 60.3%(41/68)in bladder cancer,4.2%(1/24)in the adjacent tissues of bladder cancer.The expression of HPA mRNA had statistically significant correlation with pathological stage,clinical staging and lymphonode metastasis(P

The study of case-guide comprehensive experimente of clinical biochemistry / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To reform experimental course teaching methods of clinical bio-chemistry and elevate students interesting and ability. Methods The reformed teaching methods was taken in clinical laboratory techniques and start case-guide comprehensive experiment of clinical biochemistry. Results The innovation of teaching methods of clinical biochemistry obtained satisfactory achievement,improved students thinking skills and overall quality. Conclusion It accorded with the trend of teaching innovation and was advantageous to increasing the comprehensive predisposition.

Transurethral resection of bladder tumor under block anesthesia of bilateral obturator nerves / 中国微创外科杂志

Objective To study the safety and efficacy of transurethral resection of bladder tumor(TURBt)under block anesthesia of bilateral obturator nerves.Methods Seventy-seven patients were chronologically divided into two groups.Forty-six of patients with lateral,bilateral or multiple tumors in the bladder,which underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor under epidural anesthesia from April 2003 to October 2004,were chosen as the Control Group.Thirty-one patients whom were administrated with epidural anesthesia plus bilateral block of the obturator nerve from October 2004 to July 2005 served as the Study Group.Incidences of bladder perforation and obturator nerve reflex were compared between the two groups.Results In the Control Group,obturator nerve reflex occurred in 25 patients(including intense reflex in 11 patients),giving an incidence of 54.3%(25/46),and bladder perforation resulted from the reflex was observed in 8 patients,with an incidence of 17.3%(8/46).In the Study Group,slight obturator nerve reflex happened in 3 patients(9.9%,3/31)and bladder perforation was found in 1 patient(3.2%,1/31).A significant higher rate of obturator nerve reflex was noted in the Control Group than in the Study Group(?2=15.970,P=0.000),but no statistical difference was seen in bladder perforation rate between the two groups(?2=2.359,P=0.125).Conclusions Bilateral block of the obturator nerve can improve the safety remarkably during transurethral resection of bladder tumor,especially when the tumor was located in the lateral bladder wall.

Protoplast isolation and plant regeneration from leaves of Rhodiola sachalinensis / 中草药

Objective To isolate protoplasts from tube plant leaves of Rhodiola sachalinensis and regenerate plantlets after protoplast culture.Methods Preculture treatment and size of explants,enzyme concentration,mannitol concentration in enzyme mixture related with protoplasts isolation were studied to determine the superior optimized conditions.Results Explants could be used to isolate protoplast without dark preculture,and leaf length should be longer than 1.5 cm.The best incubating enzyme solution contains 1.0% cellulase Onzuka R-10,0.5% Macerozyme R-10,10 mmol/L CaCl2?2H2O,0.1% MES,0.7 mmol/L KH2PO4,and 0.5 mol/L mannitol.The enzyme and explants mixture were shaken for 4 h at 25 ℃.The protoplasts yield and viability were 39.43?106/g fresh weight and 78.6%,respectively.Purified protoplasts were cultured in medium 1/2 MS+1 mg/L 2,4-D+0.5 mg/L ZT+0.5 mol/L mannitol +500 mg/L hydrolysis of casein initially with shallow liquid layers,and calli formed within 40 d.After calli were transfered to MS+1 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA,adventitious buds were induced from calli.Shoots longer than 2 cm rooted within 30 d when they were transfered to 1/2 MS medium.Conclusion The study provides the scientific base for protoplast fusion in polyploidy breeding of R.sachalinensis.

Inhibition in proliferation melanoma A_(375)cells induced by arsenic trioxide / 中国药理学通报

AIM To study the effect of arsenic trioxide(As 2O 3) on inhibition of proliferation human melanoma A 375 cells METHODS The cell proliferation inhibition was measured by MTT colorimetric assay; The expressions of nm23 was determined by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS As 2O 3 could result in the concentration dependent inhibition of A 375 cells proliferation. The volume of IC 50 was 13.05 ?mol?L -1 . The expression of nm23 anti transfergene in A 375 cells could be induced by As 2O 3 (2 ?mol?L -1 ). CONCLUSION As 2O 3 can inhibit proliferation and induce anti transfer protein of A 375 cells.