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Perilla frutescens, an annual herb of the Labiatae family, has been cultivated in China for more than 2000 years. P. frutescens is the one of the first medicinal and edible plant published by the Ministry of Health. Its leaves, stems and seeds can be used as medicine and edible food. Because of the abundant nutrients and bioactive components in this plant, P. frutescens has been studied extensively in medicine, food, health care and chemical fields with great prospects for development. This paper reviews the cultivation history, chemical compositions and pharmacological activities of P. frutescens, which provides a reference for the development and utilization of P. frutescens resources.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of depression among middle school students in Tianjin , and to provide the evidence for making targeted prevention of depression. Methods In September 2019 and September 2020, the stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 32 380 middle school students in Tianjin for face-to-face questionnaire survey, which included the basic information , depressive symptoms , health status , life and behavior habits , injuries , and Internet addiction in the previous week. The χ2 test , t test, univariate and multivariate logistic stepwise regression were used to analyze the data. Results From 2019 to 2020, the prevalence of depression among middle school students in Tianjin was 20.48% , with higher prevalence in girls than in boys and higher prevalence in urban areas than in suburban areas. Multivariate regression results show that smoking, school bullying, parental abuse, Internet addiction , injury , urban area , female , sickness, anemia and sweets are risk factors for depression ; fruits , vegetables , breakfast , high Intensive exercise are protective factors. The OR ( 95%CI ) of depression of school bullying and parental beating and scolding were 4.71 ( 95%CI 3.84 -5.79) and 2.94 ( 95%CI 2.72 - 3.18); the OR ( 95%CI ) of depression of internet addiction students was 2.76 ( 95%CI 2.30 - 3.11); the OR ( 95%CI ) of depression in anemia students was 1.68 ( 95%CI 1.36 - 2.07); compared with non-smokers, the odd ratio(OR) ( 95%CI ) of depression for smoking less than 1 cigarette, 1-11 cigarette, and 11-20 cigarette per day were 1.83 ( 95%CI 0.75 - 2.44), 1.64 ( 95%CI 0.94 -2.84 ), 1.92 ( 95%CI 1.51 - 2.44), respectively; Conclusion The depression level of middle school students in Tianjin is in the middle, and the intervention should be interfered from many aspects, such as cultivating students' good living behavior habits and healthy body, providing good family atmosphere and campus environment.
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Objective To investigate the status and the relationship between obesity and high blood pressure in children and adolescents in Tianjin, and to provide a reference for the development of targeted prevention and control measures for high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Methods In September 2019, a stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 30 403 children and adolescents aged 7-17 from 94 primary and secondary schools in 16 districts in Tianjin. Height, weight and blood pressure were measured by standard methods. SPSS 24.0 was used for χ2 test, variance analysis and binary logistic regression. Results The detection rate of overweight in children and adolescents in Tianjin was 17.28%, including 19.32% in boys and 15.07% in girls. The detection rate of obesity in children and adolescents in Tianjin was 22.79%, including 27.20% in boys and 18.01% in girls. The detection rate of high blood pressure in children and adolescents in Tianjin was 20.88%, including 20.98% in boys and 20.77% in girls. The detection rates of high blood pressure in the normal BMI group, overweight group and obesity group were 14.03%, 23.41% and 36.95%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). Compared to the normal BMI group, overweight and obesity were risk factors for high blood pressure in children and adolescents (OR=1.872, 95% CI:1.735~2.021; OR=3.598, 95% CI:3.366~3.827). Conclusion Overweight and obesity were important influencing factors for high blood pressure in children and adolescents aged 7-17 years. Controlling overweight and obesity is an important means to effectively cope with high blood pressure.
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Objective@#To investigate the impact of persistent high ambient fine particulate matters (PM2.5) exposures on mortality in the polluted areas of 40 districts/counties in China.@*Methods@#Using a convenient sampling method, we selected 40 districts/counties as research sites from the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region, the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, and Heilongjiang, Shanxi, and Sichuan province. The daily concentrations of PM2.5, meteorological data and population death data from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2015 were collected. The six persistent PM2.5 pollution episode scenarios were defined by the average daily concentration of PM2.5 (75 μg/m3, P75 and P90 of the average daily concentration of each district/county respectively) and the duration (≥2 days or 3 days). Generalized linear models and meta analyses were used to explore the impact of PM2.5 pollution episodes on mortality in 40 districts/counties.@*Results@#The mean±SD and P50 (P25, P75) of average daily temperature, relative humidity and PM2.5 were (15.26±10.48) ℃, 17.20 (7.50, 23.70) ℃, (67.31±19.26)%, 72.00% (57.00%, 81.00%), (72.81±60.93) μg/m3 and 55.38 (33.77, 91.45) μg/m3, respectively in 40 districts/counties during 2013-2015. The average number of non-accidental, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases deaths per day were (12±7), (5±4) and (2±2) in each district/county, respectively. When the daily concentrations of PM2.5 were ≥75 μg/m3 (≥2 days), ≥P75 (≥2 days), ≥P90 (≥2 days), ≥75 μg/m3 (≥3 days), and ≥P75 (≥3 days), the excess risk (95%CI) of the total non-accidental deaths and cardiovascular diseases deaths were 1.77% (0.89%,2.66%), 2.69% (1.06%,4.35%), 1.67% (0.59%,2.76%), 2.31% (0.67%, 3.97%), 0.71% (-0.75%, 2.20%), 1.95% (0.08%, 3.86%), 1.15% (0.12%, 2.18%), 1.85% (0.25%, 3.47%), 1.39% (0.15%, 2.64%), 2.29% (0.39%, 4.23%), respectively.@*Conclusion@#Persistently high PM2.5 exposures were associated with total non-accidental deaths and cardiovascular disease deaths.
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Objective@#To understand the correlation between ambient ozone (O3) and premature birth in Taiyuan.@*Methods@#The data of O3 daily average concentrations and maximum concentration of 8 hours, PM2.5 daily average concentrations, meteorological factors (including the average temperature and relative humidity) and daily premature birth numbers during 2013-2015 were collected in Taiyuan from China National Environmental Monitoring Center and China Meteorological Administration. The models were developed by using generalized linear model. The gender of the premature birth was analyzed by subgroup analysis. Sensitive analysis were used to estimate the model stability.@*Results@#Ambient O3 daily average concentrations and maximum concentration of 8 hours in Taiyuan of 2013 to 2015 were 45.35 μg/m3 and 71.33 μg/m3 respectively. In single pollutant model, the effects of different window exposures on premature birth were different. The RR of preterm birth about an increase of 10 μg/m3 of O3 (lag 3 weeks, lag 4 weeks) were 1.090 (95%CI: 1.042-1.139), 1.095 (95%CI: 1.032-1.163) respectively. According to the infant gender subgroup analysis, male infants were more likely to be affected by ambient O3. The average daily of O3 concentration increased by 10 μg/m3, and the RR for male infants and female infant were 1.013 (95%CI: 0.997-1.029), 0.996 (95%CI: 0.983-1.010) respectively. By comparing the daily average concentration of O3 with the maximum daily concentration of O3 for 8 hours as an indicator of exposure, it was found that the daily average concentration of O3 was more sensitive. The RR of preterm birth about an increase of 10 μg/m3 of average daily of O3 concentration and the maximum daily concentration of O3 for 8 hours. were 1.006 (95%CI: 0.994-1.017) and 0.997 (95%CI: 0.988-1.005) respectively. As for sensitive analysis, when O3 introduced PM2.5 or change the degree of model variables, the association of premature birth was still constant.@*Conclusion@#Prenatal exposure to O3 may increase the risk of premature birth, with different window exposures premature births have different risks and this risk is more pronounced in male infants.
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The DNA extraction method of animal medicine material is difficult and un-unified,which limits the application of molecular identification to identify animal medicines.In this study,based on the DNA extraction theory of SDS,we assessed the effects of three elements including different EDTA concentrations (0.025 mol·L-1,0.25 mol· L-1,and 0.5 mol· L-1) and whether containing NaCl and Triton X-100 in the lysis buffer on the quality of DNA extracted from different kinds of animal medicine.The optimized lysis buffer was used to extract DNA from 121 commercial animal medicines for original and species identification.The results showed that the lysis buffer of 1％ SDS,0.03 mol· L-1 Tris-HCl,0.25 mol· L-1 EDTA and 0.2 mol· L-1 NaCl had the optimum effect on DNA extraction.This lysis buffer can obtain DNA from animal medicine which is difficult to extract,such as Cicadae periostracum.The DNA extractions of 121 commercial animal medicines by optimized lysis buffer can satisfy the experimental requirements for molecular identification.All samples of commercial animal medicines can be accurately identified to the level of species.It was concluded that optimized lysis buffer can be used in the DNA extraction of different kinds of animal medicines except shells,secretions and processed products.This method provides technique support for the molecular identification of animal medicines.
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This paper was aimed to study the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of germplasm resource of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos in order to provide references for its breeding. A total of 36 samples from 18 farm varieties and wild species, as well as related species of Lonicera japonica Thunb. from the main production areas were studied by ISSR-PCR markers. The Jaccard coefficient was worked out by NTSYS-pc software. And a cluster dendrogram of different samples was established based on unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). The re-sults showed that 12 ISSR primers generated 129 loci of which 114 loci were polymorphic. The average percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) is 88.37%. In the cluster dendrogram, different samples of Lonicera japonica are in the same group, which showed that it is a natural species; the wild sample is separated from the cultivated samples; the traditional type-Maohua is relative stable, but the type of Jizhuahua includes complicated varieties, and it has obvi-ous genetic variation; the new variety Jiufeng 1 has already distinct into one stable type. It was concluded that the ISSR method was suitable for germplasm identification, genetic diversity analysis of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, thus providing a theoretical foundation for its cultivation and breeding.
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This paper aimed to investigate the botanical origins of Isatidis Radix and Isatidis Folium, and clarify the confusion of its classification. The second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of ribosomal DNA, the chloroplast matK gene of 22 samples from some major production areas were amplified and sequenced. Sequence assembly and consensus sequence generation were performed using the CodonCode Aligner. Phylogenetic study was performed using MEGA 4.0 software in accordance with the Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) model, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining methods. The results showed that the length of ITS2 sequence of the botanical origins of Isatidis Radix and Isatidis Folium was 191 bp. The sequence showed that some samples had several SNP sites, and some samples had heterozygosis sites. In the NJ tree, based on ITS2 sequence, the studied samples were separated into two groups, and one of them was gathered with Isatis tinctoria L. The studied samples also were divided into two groups obviously based on the chloroplast matK gene. In conclusion, our results support that the botanical origins of Isatidis Radix and Isatidis Folium are Isatis indigotica Fortune, and Isatis indigotica and Isatis tinctoria are two distinct species. This study doesn't support the opinion about the combination of these two species in Flora of China.
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Objective To observe ultrasonographic features and the value of ultrasonography in diagnosing duodenal bulb ulcer combined with perforation.Methods The ultrasonographic features of duodenal bulb ulcer combined with perforation were studied retrospectively in 25 patients.The detection rate of duodenal bulb ulcer,peritoneal cavity free air,ascites and abdominal lumps were recorded and compared with those of X-ray examination.Results Color Doppler ultrasound before operation found 21 patients with duodenal bulb ulcer combined with perforation,18 with peritoneal cavity free air,25 with ascites and 14 with abdominal lumps.X-ray examination showed peritoneal cavity free air in 21 patients,but no ascites and abdominal lumps were found,let alone the direct features of duodenal bulb ulcer.Conclusion With regard tO duodenal bulb ulcer combined with perforation,color Doppler ultrasound can not only display peritoneal cavity free air as well as X-ray,but also show ascites and abdominal lumps,even duodenal bulb ulcer itself.Color Doppler ultrasound can make up the deficiency of X-ray examination,and is a valuable method in diagnosing duodenal bulb ulcer combined with perforation.
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Objective To explore the genetic diversity and relationship of different cultivars of the fruits of Trichosantheis kirilowii, and determine them in molecular level. Methods Different fram cultivars and fruits in wild plant of T. kirilowii from Shandong Province and T. hupehensis were detected by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers with 25 randomized primers. The Jaccard coefficient was worked out by using NTSYS-pc software, and a cluster dendrogram of different samples was established based on unweighed pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). Results The 25 selected primers produced 266 bands among which 232 bands (87.2%) were polymorphic. In the cluster dendrogram, T. hupehensis was far from the different cultivars and fruits in wild plant of T. kirilowii, but there was closer genetic relationship between Niuxin Gualou and Ren Gualou, Da Gualou, and Baleng Gualou, as well as Xiao Guang-dan Gualou and wild sample. Conclusion RAPD Markers can be used to standardize, arrange, and determine farm cultivars of fruits of T. kirilowii in molecular level, and indicate the genetic relationship and background, then provide important information for seed breeding and resourse protection of T. kirilowii.