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Background Occupational health risk assessment of dust-exposed operations is an important part of occupational health work. However, there is a lack of objective and effective methods for validating the risk assessment results. Objective To explore the application value of chest imaging changes in validating occupational health risk assessment results of dust-exposed operations. Methods Alumina dust-exposed workers in an abrasive manufacturing company were selected as study subjects. The Australian Occupational Health and Safety Risk Assessment model (Australian model), and the Singapore semi-quantitative risk assessment model of occupational exposure to chemical substances (Singaporean model) were used to conduct occupational health risk assessment for the target group. Consistency of the assessment results was compared. The cumulative risk value and cumulative risk level of the subjects were calculated. The subjects were examined and diagnosed by chest radiographs, and the differences in the positive rates of aluminum dust shadows of workers at different job risk levels and different cumulative risk levels were compared. Results The average risk ratios (RR) of selected alumina dust-exposed workers estimated by the Australian model and the Singapore model were both 0.49±0.10, indicating generally medium occupational health risk level. The evaluation results of the two models were obviously consistent (kappa test, k = 0.823, P < 0.001). Among the 192 subjects, 62 (32.3%) were found to have aluminum dust shadows on their chest radiographs, and there were no case of pneumoconiosis. The aluminum dust shadows were mainly classified by shape and size as “s” (30.7%); the profusion of small opacities was mainly "less than 0/1" (31.3%); they were mostly distributed in 2 pulmonary zones (18.8%), and mostly in the right lower lung (18.8%), and none was seen in the two upper lung zones. The positive rate of aluminum dust shadows in the high-risk workplaces (41.7%) assessed by the Australian model was significantly higher than that in the medium-risk workplaces (22.9%) (P < 0.01). The positive rate of aluminum dust shadows in the medium-risk workplaces (42.7%) assessed by the Singapore model was significantly higher than that in the low-risk workplaces (23.3%) (P < 0.01). The cumulative risk levels evaluated by the two models were all atⅠ- Ⅲ levels. With the increase of cumulative risk level by the two models, the positive rates of aluminum dust shadows in the subjects both showed an obvious increase trend (P < 0.05). Conclusion The risk assessment results of the Australian model and the Singapore model are obviously consistent for the target group. They can be jointly applied to the risk assessment of dust-exposed operations. The application of chest imaging changes is of certain value to validate the results of occupational health risk assessment for dust-exposed operations.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for simultaneous determination of paeoniflorin,amygdalin,ferulic acid and ligustrazine in Modified buying huanwu decoction.METHODS:RP-HPLC method was adopted.The determination was performed on YMC C18 column with the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1％ phosphoric acid (gradient elution) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The detection wavelengths were set at 320 nm (femlic acid),230 nm (paeoniflorin),207 nm (amygdalin),280 nm (ligustrazine).The column temperature was 30 ℃,and sample size was 10 μL.RESULTS:The linear ranges of paeoniflorin,amygdalin,femlic acid and ligustrazine were 0.191 2-1.912 μg/mL (r=0.999 6),0.117 4-1.174 μg/mL (r=0.999 6),0.011 5-0.115 μg/mL (r=0.999 8) and 0.001 66-0.016 6 μg/mL(r=0.999 7),respectively.The limits of quantitation were 1.912,1.174,0.115,0.016 6 μg/mL,and the limits of detection were 0.25,0.40,0.05,0.008 5 μg/mL,respectively.RSDs of precision,stability and reproducible tests were all lower than 2.0％.The recoveries were 96.9％-100.3％ (RSD=1.3％,n=6),95.1％-100.3％ (RSD=2.2％,n=6),95.3％-100.2％ (RSD=2.0％,n=6)and 97.0％-100.0％ (RSD=1.3％,n=6).CONCLUSIONS:The method is reliable,simple and accurate,and is suitable for simultaneous determination of paeoniflorin,amygdalin,ferulic acid and ligustrazine in Modified buyang huanwu decoction.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for simultaneous determination of paeoniflorin,amygdalin,ferulic acid and ligustrazine in Modified buying huanwu decoction.METHODS:RP-HPLC method was adopted.The determination was performed on YMC C18 column with the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1％ phosphoric acid (gradient elution) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The detection wavelengths were set at 320 nm (femlic acid),230 nm (paeoniflorin),207 nm (amygdalin),280 nm (ligustrazine).The column temperature was 30 ℃,and sample size was 10 μL.RESULTS:The linear ranges of paeoniflorin,amygdalin,femlic acid and ligustrazine were 0.191 2-1.912 μg/mL (r=0.999 6),0.117 4-1.174 μg/mL (r=0.999 6),0.011 5-0.115 μg/mL (r=0.999 8) and 0.001 66-0.016 6 μg/mL(r=0.999 7),respectively.The limits of quantitation were 1.912,1.174,0.115,0.016 6 μg/mL,and the limits of detection were 0.25,0.40,0.05,0.008 5 μg/mL,respectively.RSDs of precision,stability and reproducible tests were all lower than 2.0％.The recoveries were 96.9％-100.3％ (RSD=1.3％,n=6),95.1％-100.3％ (RSD=2.2％,n=6),95.3％-100.2％ (RSD=2.0％,n=6)and 97.0％-100.0％ (RSD=1.3％,n=6).CONCLUSIONS:The method is reliable,simple and accurate,and is suitable for simultaneous determination of paeoniflorin,amygdalin,ferulic acid and ligustrazine in Modified buyang huanwu decoction.
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Objective To understand laboratory diagnosis and clinical characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV ) infection and AIDS patients in three comprehensive hospitals .Methods Laboratory diagnosis and clinical characteristics dates of people living with HIV/AIDS patients consulted in Chongqing Emergency Medical Center between 2007 to 2013 were retrospective‐ly analyzed .Results Totally 47 355 cases were carried HIV antibody screening during 7 years ,179 cases of HIV antibody were positive in preliminary screening ,171 cases were confirmed as positive .Among 5 cases of HIV antibodies result unconfirmed ,2 ca‐ses were followed up ,1 case was ruled out HIV infection ,1 case was converted to HIV antibody positive .People living with HIV al‐ways merging double or multiple infection with hepatitis b virus (HBV) ,hepatitis c virus (HCV) and treponema pallidum (TP) and so on .People living with HIV aged from 18 to 86 years old ,9 .36% was over 60 years old .Most patient has two or more clinical manifestations when consulted a doctor .Conclusion There were false‐positive of HIV antibody preliminary screening ,HIV anti‐body positive results must be confirmed by Western blot confirmatory test .Uncertainty of HIV antibody results should be judged by regularly follow‐up or combining with other detection methods ,epidemiological data .Routine HIV antibody screening should be adopt for HBV ,HCV and TP infection .Elder patients should not be ignored .Clinical specificity of HIV/AIDS is not strong ,it is need to be valued and identified from other cause similar symptoms of diseases caused by phase identification ,in order to reduce missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis .
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@#Objective To set up the clinical examination method for 1p loss of heterozygosity (LOH).Methods Genomic DNA was isolated from tumor tissue and peripheral blood in oligodendroglioma patients. Denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) was used to examine the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Results . 1p LOH was determined by the microsatellite sites.Results 1p LOH was identified by DHPLC Results .Conclusion DHPLC can clearly identify the 1p LOH with short time in oligodendroglioma patients.
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@#Nervous system develops from multipotential stem cells of the embryonic neural tube.The discovery of cells of stem-like properties in the adult central nervous system(CNS)has provoked an intense search for ways to utilize their potential for treatments of multiple neurological disorders.Expansion and recruitment of endogenous progenitors may be limited in treating widespread cell loss in the adult CNS.Transplantation of neural stem cells(NSCs)or more restricted progenitors to replace cells lost to injury or disease may facilitate functional recovery in a spectrum of neurological disorders.A major challenge to the development of effective NSCs therapies is to direct the fate of the newly generated cells to specifically replace those lost to disease.The key to the effective treatment of NSCs is molecular regulation of the differentiation of NSCs and their progeny in areas of injury to the adult CNS,the fate of transplanted stem cells is also important.
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Objective To describe the high-resolution CT(HRCT)findings of arc-welders with early pneumoconiosis and to evaluate manifestation in different course of disease.Methods Seventy-six arc-welders with a one to thirty-eight(mean,14)years history of exposure underwent CT and HRCT scanning.The extent of abnormalities were detected.The relations of age and year history of exposure were analysed in different groups.Results Thirty-eight welders(38/76,50%)showed positive characteristic findings with conventional CT.Predominant thin-section CT findings were poorly-defined centrilobular micronodules(18/76,23.7%),branching linear structure(20/76,26.3%).The mean age in group of branching linear structure[(39±9)years old]was elder than of poorly-defined centrilobular micronodules[(34±7)years old].There was no statistical difference between the two groups(t=-1.648,P＞0.05).The mean length of service at exposure in group of branching linear structure[(15±8)years]was longer than of poorlydefined centrilobular micronodules[(10±5)years].And the significant differences were showed between the two groups in the year history of exposure(t=-2.108,P＜0.05).Conclusions Poorly defined centrilobular micronodules and branching linear structures were the thin-section CT findings most frequently seen in patients with arc-welders'pneumoconiosis and the former may be one early stage characteristic finding of arc-welders'pneumoconiosis.HRCT is useful in achieving more accurate categorization of the parenchymal changes in arc-welders'pneumoconiosis.
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@#Objective To investigate induction and repair of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) sponge to endogenous neural stem cells after acute spinal cord half cut-off in rats.MethodsThe differences of proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells were compared between injured group and intervention treatment group.ResultsThere are remarkable differences between the injured group and intervention treatment group.ConclusionbFGF and EGF sponge can enhance the proliferation and differentiation of the neural stem cells in the test animal.
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BACKGROUND:Finding of neural stem cells(NSCs)brings new hope for repairing central nervous system(CNS)injury.However,the influence of internal environment after brain injury on the survival and differentiation of NSCs is a complexand variable process.OBJECTIVE:To observe the survival and differentiation of human embryonic NSCs following implantation into rats with fluid percussion brain injury.DESIGN:Open experiment.SETTING:Department of Neurosurgery,Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine;Beijing Institute of Neurosurgery.MATERIALS:This experiment was carried out In the Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells,Beijing Institute of Neurosurgery from September 2002 to March 2003.Twenty-four female SD rats,aged 7 weeks,with body mass of(250±10)g,were provided by the Experimental Animal lnstitute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences[License Nd. SCXK(Jing)2002-2003]. Cerebrum of 8-week aborted fetus was obtained (Informed consents were obtained from parturients and their relatives). Fetal survival was monitored by B ultrasonic wave during abortion. BrdU monoclonal antibody(Sigma Company),rabbit anti-nidogen polyclonal antibody(Chemicon Company),mouse anti-microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2)monoclonal antibody(Neomarkers Company),rabbit anti-gliaI fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)polyclonal antibody (Biogenex Company).METHODS:① CerebraI cortex cells of 8-week aborted human fetus was harvested and cultured in vitro for obtaining human embryronic NSCs.②Rat models of hydraulic impact injury were developed.Bone window of motor sensory area of cerebral cortex was set at 2.5mm posterior to bregma which was zero point and 3.0 mm lateral to midline.Hydraulic impact injury parameters were set as impact pressure 0.3 MPa. impact time 25 ms and impact time once. ③BrdU-labeled human embryronic NSCs were implanted into injured area al 24 hours after injury.After 1 and 4 weeks.rats were sacrificed.Adjacent sections were doubly stained bv BrdU/MAP-2 and BrdU/GFAP.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①Survival and immigration of implanted human embryonic NSCs.②Differentiation of implanted human embryonic NSCs.RESULTS:①BrdU-positive cells were oval and brown.At 1 and 4 weeks after implantation,BrdU-positive cells survived and migrated,and they migrated more widely at 4 weeks after implantation. ②At 1 week after implantation,more BrdU-positive cells were found in the subcortical granular layer and subcortex,and BrdU/MAP-2-positive cells were more than BrdU/GFAP-positive cells;At 4 weeks after implantation,BrdU-positive cells were significantly reduced,and found in choroid plexus and blood capillary,and BrdU/GFAP-positive cells were more than BrdU/MAP-2-positive cells.CONCLUSION:Implanted human embryonic NSCs can survive in the region of brain injury.gradually differentiate into astrocytes during rehabilitation and are easily digested by endothelial phagocytes.It indicates that immunological rejaction possibly influences the survival of human embryonic NSCs.
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@#Neurotrophins promote and modulate the repair and regeneration of central nervous system (CNS) on the levels of synapses, neurites and neural cells, and even of the auxiliary structures of CNS. As to immune molecules, recent studies denied the classical doctrine that CNS is an immune privilege organ. In the last decade, it is found that immune responses can be beneficial for CNS repair. What are more, some macromolecules that were previously thought to be the members of the family of immune system play essential roles in the development and regeneration of the CNS. Therefore, the authors postulate that there are crosstalks between the neurotrophins and the immune molecules in the CNS.
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@# ObjectiveTo summarize the technique and preliminary outcome of Neuroform stent combined with Guglielmi detachable coil (GDC) to treat wide-necked intracranial aneurysms. Methods32 cases with aneurysms which underwent 32 endovascular procedures performed by using stent were retrospectively analyzed.The ratio of aneurysm neck/body is 1/2～1/1. Results24 aneurysms were completely occluded and other 8 were incompletely (>95%) occluded. Transient ischemia of cerebral occured in 2 cases. 14 aneurysms were followed up 0.5～1 year after. 2 aneurysms of them appeared neck remnant growth.ConclusionUsing Neuroform stent combined with GDC to treat wide-necked intracranial aneurysm may prevent the herniation of GDC into the artery and increase the outcome of wide-necked intacranial aneurysm.
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@#ObjectiveTo explore the method of co-culture of Schwann cell(SCs) with fascia and provide experimental basis for repairing transected nerve.MethodsSCs were co-cultured with fascia.Double staining by anti-BrdU and anti-S-100,S-100 fluorescent staining and anti-BrdU staining were used.ResultsThere were a plenty of SCs around fascia proliferated rapidly and disposed in parallel. SCs could be distinguished from fibroblastic cells by S-100 fluorescent staining and also be staining positive by anti-BrdU antibody,implying their high proliferous ability. Anti-BrdU and anti-S-100 staining showed numerous double staining positive SCs on the fascia: nucleus was stained deep blue while cytoplasm was stained red.ConclusionMany SCs with high proliferous ability were seen on the fascia, which can be used to repair transected nerve.
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@#Objective To investigate the remyelination after Schwann cells grafted into injured middle brain in rat.Methods Schwann cells originated from sciatic nerves of 1 to 2 day old rat were expanded and labeled by BrdU in vitro, transplanted into the rat middle brain injured by electric needle stimulus. Immunohistochemistry and myelin staining were used to locate in the BrdU positive cells and investigate remyelination.Results BrdU positive cells could be identified till at least 8 months after grafting, which mainly migrated toward injured ipsilateral cortex. New myelination could be seen in destructed brain stem area. Conclusion Schwann cells transplantation could promote CNS regeneration.
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@#ObjectiveTo study the values of EEG and [18F]2-deoxyglucose(FDG) positron emission tomography in localizing the epiletogenic cortex,and evaluate their relation.MethodsVideo-EEG(VEEG) and FDG-PET scans were performed in 44 patients with refractory epilepsy.Electrocorticography(ECoG) in surgery and patholopy were performed in 38 patients who had undergone neurosurgical therapy.Congruence among them were studied.Results43 patients(98%) had FDG-PET hypometabolism.42 patients(95%) had epileptiform wave.There were 22 patients(50%) whose PET and EEG were in complete congruence,whereas 10 patients(23%) in part congruence.12 patients who had undergone operation had controversial results in PET and EEG,8 cases had agreement between ECoG and PET,and 2 cases had agreement between ECoG and VEEG. ConclusionFDG-PET is a effective,sensitive and non-invasive investigation.It can provide valuable supplemental data in patients with unlocalized surface EEG.
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@#ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of fluid percussion injury(FPI) on survival and differentiation of transplanted human embryonic neural stem cells (HNSCs) in rats. MethodsThe HNSCs were separated from the cerebral cortex of the 8-week-old fetal and were cultured in DMEM/F12 combinated with EGF, bFGF and LIF. The rat models of FPI were made with fluid percussion system. The HNSCs labeled with BrdU were transplanted into the injured zone 24 hours after brain injury, then the rats were killed at the 1st and 4th week post-transplanted stages, and the brain slices were stained with immunocytochemistry. The GFAP, MAP-2, and BrdU positive cells were investigated.ResultsThe transplanted HNSCs migrated to the whole brain, and differentiated into GFAP and MAP-2 positive cells. MAP-2 positive cells were observed at 1 week post-transplanted stage, on the contrary, more GFAP positive cells were discovered 4 weeks after transplantation. Part of the HNSCs migrated to the choroids plexus of the lateral ventricle and microvessels. ConclusionThe transplanted HNSCs survive in the injured zone, and differentiate into astrocytes gradually during the recovery. The host devours part of the HNSCs.
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@#ObjectiveTo observe the effect on repairing facial nerve injury of rabbits by neural stem cells and autologous fasia. Methods22 rabbits with transected facial nerve were divided into 2 groups randomly, control group (8 rabbits,15 sides totally), which transected facial nerve were wrapped by autologous fasia, and treament group (14 rabbits, 20 sides totally), which were wrapped by neural stem cells and autologous fasia. Six weeks after transplantation, neuro-electrophysiological test, immunohistochemical examination were done. The number and thickness of myelin in the re-connected area of transected facial nerve were observed. ResultsThe transplanted animals recovered much better than that in control group (P<0.05). Immunohistochemical examination showed a great deal of BrdU positive cells around the re-connected area of transected facial nerve. Immunohistochemical staining also found plenty of regenerative myelins in this area in the treatment group. While in control group, there were no BrdU positive cells and only a few of regenerative myelins in the same area. ConclusionTransplantation of neural stem cells combined with autologous fasia might become the new method to treat facial nerve injury.
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@#ObjectiveTo detect the ultrastructure of neural stem cells (NSCs) cultured in vitro .MethodsNSCs separated from the cortex of 17—19 days Wistar rat fetus were cultured and induced to differentiate in vitro. Electron microscopes were used to visualize the ultrastructure of these cells before and after differentiation.ResultsNSCs had the similar cellular size, morphology and intracellular structures pre-differentiation. Cells were able to proliferate via mitosis. The nucleus/cytoplasm ratio was very high. The nucleus was poly-morphological. Cells had very little cytoplasm and no mature organelles. After differentiation, several processes protruded out from cellular surface. Cells became flat shape, the volume of cytoplasm increased dramatically and various kinds of mature organelles appeared in the cytoplasm. Cells differentiated into two kinds of cells,neural cells and glial cells,with quite different morphology and intracellular structure. ConclusionNSC is one kind of original cells which can be induced to differentiate into mature neural cells and glial cells.