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Objective To investigate the effects of Delta-opioid receptor activator DADLE on the expression of the p38 MAPK and the neuronal apoptosis after global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and explore the neuroprotective mechanisms of DADLE.Methods Global cerebral ischmemia-reperfusion models in rats were induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion combined with hypotension.Rats were randomly divided into sham group (n=10),ischemia-reperfusion group(n=10) and three treatment groups with different doses of DADLE (2 mg group,3 mg group,5 mg group,n=10).TUNEL method and Western blot analysis were used to measure apoptotic neurons and expression levels of p38 MAPK phosphorylation,repectively.Results DADLE treatment significantly reduced neuron apoptosis (P＜0.05).The expression levels of p38 MAPK were increased in ischemia-reperfusion group than in sham group (P＜ 0.05).In DADLE treated groups,the expression levels of p38 MAPK were dose-dependently decreased compared with the ischemia-reperfusion group.Conclusion Delta-opioid receptor activator DADLE can be neuroprotective against global I/R injury.Attenuation of apoptosis and p38 MAPK signal pathway might be involved in the neuroprotective mechanism of DADLE.
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Objective To investigate the effects of Delta-opioid receptor activator DADLE on the expression of the p38 MAPK and the neuronal apoptosis after global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and explore the neuroprotective mechanisms of DADLE.Methods Global cerebral ischmemia-reperfusion models in rats were induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion combined with hypotension.Rats were randomly divided into sham group (n=10),ischemia-reperfusion group(n=10) and three treatment groups with different doses of DADLE (2 mg group,3 mg group,5 mg group,n=10).TUNEL method and Western blot analysis were used to measure apoptotic neurons and expression levels of p38 MAPK phosphorylation,repectively.Results DADLE treatment significantly reduced neuron apoptosis (P＜0.05).The expression levels of p38 MAPK were increased in ischemia-reperfusion group than in sham group (P＜ 0.05).In DADLE treated groups,the expression levels of p38 MAPK were dose-dependently decreased compared with the ischemia-reperfusion group.Conclusion Delta-opioid receptor activator DADLE can be neuroprotective against global I/R injury.Attenuation of apoptosis and p38 MAPK signal pathway might be involved in the neuroprotective mechanism of DADLE.
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Objective:To explore the effectiveness and safety of levosimendan treating severe decompensated heart failure (SDHF) .Methods :A total of 80 patients with SDHF caused by various caused were selected ,randomly and equally divided into levosimendan group and dobutamine group .Both groups received intravenous drip of corre‐sponding drug based on routine treatment ,and the course was 24h .After two weeks ,therapeutic effects were com‐pared between two groups .Results:After two weeks ,total effective rate of levosimendan group was significantly higher than that of dobutamine group (95.0% vs .72.5% , P= 0.005) .Compared with dobutamine group ,after two weeks , there were significant reductions in dyspnea status score [ (2.57 ± 0.80 ) scores vs . (1.89 ± 0.70 ) scores] ,general status score [(3.23 ± 0.65) scores vs .(2.95 ± 1.29) scores] ,respiratory frequency [(24.32 ± 0.98) times/min vs .(20.6 ± 1.58) times/min] and level of brain natriuretic peptide [(1584 ± 325.63) mg/ml vs .(1011.92 ± 302.31) mg/ml] ,and significant rise in left ventricular ejection fraction [(40.16 ± 4.85)% vs .(46.53 ± 3.37)% ] in levosimendan group , P<0.05 or <0.01. Conclusion:In short-term therapeutic effect on severe decompensated heart failure ,levosimendan is superior to dobutamine ,it possesses good safety and tolerance ,which can be used as an effective drug for severe decompensated heart failure .
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Objective To investigate the effect of glucocorticoid on rat lung in a rat model of oleic acid-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)lung injury. Methods Sixty SPF level of healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group(group A),oleic acid model group(group B)and oleic acid and Methylprednisolone group(group C),and each group with 20 cases rats. ARDS model rats were established by injection with oleic acid(0. 14 ml/ kg)intravenously. Twelve hours after injection,aterial blood was drawn for blood gas analysis of blood oxygen partial pressure in order to confirm that acute lung injury model was successful. Then the rats in group C were treated with injection of Methylprednisolone( 4 mg/ kg) intravenously,once a day,from the 1st to 7th day. The rats in A and B groups were given saline(4 ml/ kg). Five rats in each group were randomly sacrificed on the1st,7th,14th,28th day respectively. The left lung of all rats was underwent bronchoalveolar lavage after weighed. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid( BALF)were obtained for detection of procollagen III(PCⅢ)concentrations with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA). Right lobe of lung specimens was used for histopathological examination. Results Compared with the group A,PaO2 in group B and C were decreased significantly(P 0. 05). The levels of PCⅢ concentrations of BALF in Group A,B and C group were(30. 61 ± 0. 52)μg/ L,(30. 14 ± 0. 41)μg/ L and(30. 71 ± 0. 74)μg/ L respectively on the first day,(29. 15 ± 0. 17)μg/ L,(34. 35 ± 0. 73)μg/ L and(31. 72 ± 0. 46)μg/ L respectively at the 7th day,(30. 23 ± 0. 41)μg/ L, (38. 61 ± 1. 21)μg/ L and(33. 32 ± 0. 57)μg/ L respectively at 14th day and(31. 12 ± 0. 22)μg/ L,(37. 53 ± 2. 46)μg/ L and(34. 45 ± 0. 27)μg/ L respectively at 28th day. Levels of PCⅢ concentrations of BALF at 7th, 14th and 28th day time point in group B and C were decreased in comparison of A group(P < 0. 05),and there was significant difference between B and C group(P < 0. 01). Conclusion A treatment with Methylprednisolone may be useful in inhibiting pulmonary fibrosis in the process of ARDS in rats.
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Objective To evaluate the value of TruviewTM EVO2 optical laryngoscope for emergency endotracheal intubation in the clinical application.Methods Forty-four patients in need for emergency endotracheal intubation were randomly (random number) divided into two groups:the observation group (TruviewTM EVO2 optical laryngoscope for tracheal intubation,n =22) and the control group (ordinary laryngoscope for tracheal intubation,n =22).Parameters recordered included C/L (Cormack-Lehane)grade,the time taken for successful intubation,tracheal intubation times,lowerest SpO2 during the intubation and the incidences of complications after intubation.IDS (intubation difficulty scale) scores were calculated and the total effective rates were compared.Results The data showed that there were no significant differences in the duration of the successful endotracheal intubation attempts between the two groups,respectively (24.04 ±6.56) s and (21.97 ±8.92) s,P ＞0.05.The C/L grade with the observation group was 10∶ 9∶ 3∶0 (Ⅰ ∶ Ⅱ ∶ Ⅲ∶ Ⅳ),which was significantly better than that with the control group (3∶ 7∶ 9∶ 3,P ＜0.01).The tracheal intubation times of the observation group was 17∶ 5∶0 (one time∶ two times∶ three times),which was significantly better than that of the control group (9∶ 8∶ 5,P ＜0.01).The minimum of SpO2 in the observation group (97.31 ± 1.64)％ was significantly higher than that in the control group (92.03 ± 5.39)％,(P ＜ 0.01).The incidence of complications after intubation was lower in the observation group.The IDS score in the observation group (0.68 ± 0.38) was much lower than those in the control group (2.54 ± 1.49),(P ＜ 0.01).In addition,the total effective rate of the observation group (86.36％) was significantly higer than that in the control group (45.45％),(P ＜0.01).Conclusions Using optical laryngoscope for emergency endotracheal intubation could facilitate the glottis exposure and reduce C/L grade effectively.It could lead to lower the incidence of complications and increase the success rate of tracheal intubation.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Xuebijing (Chinese herbal medicine preparation) on lung fibrosis in a rat model of oleic acid - induced lung injury.MethodsSixty SPF level of male Wistar rats were randomly ( random number) divided into three groups ( n =20 ):normal control group ( group A),oleic acid model group (group B),oleic acid and Xuebijing group (group C).Rats in group A were injected with normal saline (0.13 ml/kg) ; acute lung injury (ALI) model rats were injected with oleic acid (0. 13 ml/kg) intravenously in B and C groups.Twelve hours after administrations of saline or oleic acid into rats of three groups separately,samples of arterial blood from all rats were taken for blood gas analysis.By analysis of blood oxygen partial pressure,the acute lung injury model successfully made was confirmed.Then the rats in group C were treated with xuebijing (4 ml/kg) intravenously,once a day from the 1st to 7th day.The rats in groups A and B were treated with saline (4 ml/kg).Five rats in each group were randomly sacrificed on the 1st,7th,14th,28th day,separately.The bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of left lung of all rats was carried out after weight of lung weighed.The lefi lungs of rats were weighed in wet and dry in order to get the wet/dry ratio.Venous blood and BAL fluid (BALF) were obtained for detection of procollagen Ⅲ ( PC Ⅲ ) concentrations with enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Right upper lobe of lung specimens was taken for histopathological examination after paraffin - embedded sections with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Masson staining.Multiple comparisons were analyzed by using oneway analysis of variance (SNK-q test).Statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS 13.0 software.ResultsOxygenation index of groups B and C ( PaO2/FiO2 ＜ 300) significantly decreased compared with the group A ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Levels of serum PC Ⅲ on the 14th day and 28th day in group C decreased significantly in comparison with group B ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Compared with group A,the levels of BALF PC Ⅲ and serum PC Ⅲ in group B and group C on the 7th day,14th day and 28th day increased ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Levels of PC Ⅲ in BALF on the 7th day,14th day and 28th day in C group decreased in comparison with group B ( P ＜0.01 ).Compared with group A,the levels of PCⅢ in BALF in group B and group C on the 7th day,14th day and 28th day increased ( P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionsThe result suggests that treatment with xuebijing may be useful in inhibiting pulmonary fibrosis during the course of ALI in rots.
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Objective To explore the therapeutic effects and the possible defense mechanisms of Shenmai injection on acute lung injury.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into three groups:the control group(NS),the oleic acid group(OA)and the Shenmai injection group(SM).The modal of acute lung injury in rat(OA group and SM group)were induced by receiveing 0.1ml/kg oleic acid injection into tail vein,and NS group were injected 0.9% sodium chloride 0.1ml/kg.After in jecting loeic acid SM group were injected with Shenmai injection by 2ml each one.The expression of ICAM-1 was examined meanwhile examining breath frequency,wet/dry weight ratio,artery blood oxygen each group of rats,the histopathologieal change of lung tissue was observed.Results The W/D ratio,polymorphonuclear(PMN)infiltration,the lung interstitial edema,the extent of pulmonary alvedus wall destroys and the ICAM-1 expression in lung tissue of OA group increasingly increased compared with NS group,and SM group significantly decreased compared with OA group.Also along with time extending,the ICAM-1 expression of OA group devates gradually,while SM group does not change significantly.The arterial partial pressure of oxygen in group OA significantly decreased compared with NS group,while SM group increased compared with OA group.The microscope demonstrated that the extent of lung injury of OA group was more serious than that of NS group,while OA group was milder than OA group.Conclusion Shenmai injection can lighten oleic acid induced acute lung iniury,and cut down the expression of ICAM-1 in lung tissue.So it has a certain function to the early the acute lung injury.
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Objective To observe the influence of δ-opioid reperfusion in rats with change in serum protein S-100B level and to explore the neuroprotective effect of DADLE during cerebral resuscitation. Method The model of global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion was induced by bilateral common carol id artery occlusion combined with hypotension. Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham operation group, model group, DADLE pretreated group, DADI.E treated postischemia group, DADLE treatment during reperfusion group ( n = 10 for each group) .In sham operation group,the rats were operated without ischemia and treatment; in model group, rats had global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion model up without any treament; in DADLE pretreated group, rats received DADlE before ischemia; in DADLE treatment postischemia group,rats had DADLE immediately after ischemia; in DADLE treatment during reperfusion group,rats got DADLE during early reperfusion. After the establishment of model, serum protein S-JOOB was measured by using ELlSA.One-way analysis of variance and SNK test were used for comparison between groups. Results The serum protein S-100B level was (475.56±1.93) pg/ml in sham operational group and that was much lower than that in model group and DADLE treatment groups. While the levels of serum protein S-100B in all DADLE treatment groups were reduced significantly in comparison with model group. There were no differences in the levels of serum protein KS-100B between DADLE treatment groups. Conclusions The δ-opioid receptor DADLE exerts neuroprotective effects on global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in rats.
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Objective To investigate the effects of urotensinⅡ(UⅡ)receptor antagonist(URA)on UⅡ in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)in rats with acute lung injury(ALI).Methods Twenty eight Sprague Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into four groups:saline control group(group A),the other three groups(group B,group C,group D).Rats were injected with oleic acid and URA to produce ALI models.Three hours after injection,arterial blood was drawn for blood gas analysis in all rats.Immediately after this,blood of heart was collected in group A and group B.Then blood of heart were collected after 12 hours in group C and after 24 hours in group D.Rats were killed when blood of heart was drawn.Bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL)with saline was performed in the right lung.BALF was centrifugated and the upper fluid was put to the EP tube.Plasma was separated from the blood of heart.Both plasma and BALF were kept at -80 ℃ to be determined.Results Compared with group A,arterial pressure of oxygen was significantly decreased in the group B,group C,group D(P
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Objective To investigate the alteration of urotensin Ⅱ in plasma of acute lung injury(ALI)rats,which affected by the urotensin Ⅱ receptor antagonist(URA),and to study the function of URA to ALI.Methods Forty-two Sprague Dawley(SD)rats were divided into two groups randomly,with each containing 21 rats.All rats were injected with oleic acid for ALI models.G1 as ALI model group,the other group was injected with URA as experiment group(G2).2 ml blood was drawn in 3,12,24 hours after injection,with each time blood being drawn in seven rats of each group.Plasma was separated from the blood.Keep plasma in-80℃ to be detected.Results The concentration of UⅡ of G1 in 3,12,24hours was(105.57?9.52)pg/ml,(119.30?8.30)pg/ml,(133.33?9.65)pg/ml,respectively;and(133.65?8.89)pg/ml,(131.99?9.80)pg/ml,(114.03?9.12)pg/ml in the same time of G2.With the time going on,the plasma concentration of UⅡwas significantly increased(P
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Objective Through epidemiological analysis of prehospital trauma care in Guangzhou during 1996～2004,to explore common characteristics and trends of it.Methods The data of the prehospital trauma patient were collected by Guangzhou First Aid Service Command Center from 1996 to 2004 and was prospectively analyzed. Results The number of prehospital care had been increased year by year(increased by 3.56 times in the nine years).The number of the trauma patients had been increased by 7.98 times.Head injury was in the first place(6.86%). Most of casualties fell into the age of 21～40 years old.The male patients were the two times that of female patients.Conclusion Trauma has become an serious problem. The improvement of prehospital emergency network, ability of on-the-spot emergency care and popularizing the knowledge of emergency are key to reduce the casualties.