ABSTRACT
As alterações estruturais mínimas (AEM) da cobertura das pregas vocais são causas frequentes de alterações vocais. Podem ser de diagnóstico difícil, e expressar-se de modo variável. O cisto intracordal, o sulco vocal, a ponte de mucosa, o microdiafragma e laríngea e a ectasia vascular constituem o grupo das AEM da cobertura das pregas vocais pesquisadas nesse estudo. Sua etiopatogenia e epidemiologia não são bem conhecidas. O objetivo desse trabalho é fazer um revisão bibliográfica das características anatômicas e funcionais da laringe, bem como das disfonias causadas por AEM, e os respectivos métodos diagnósticos e terapêuticos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cysts , Larynx , Vocal Cords , Voice DisordersABSTRACT
Amiodarone, used in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias, is associated with thyroid dysfunction. No reports exist on its frequency in southern Brazil, nor studies evaluating the usefulness of clinical scores to diagnose thyroid abnormalities in these patients. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction in a representative sample from a tertiary center, to study the conditions associated to this dysfunction and to evaluate the reliability of clinical scores of hypo and hyperthyroidism. One hundred ninety-five amiodarone users were submitted to a clinical and laboratory evaluation. Of these, 2.1 percent were hyperthyroid, 25.1 percent hypothyroid and 9.2 percent had only a high T4. Considering thyroid dysfunction variables researched, thyroid autoimmunity was positively associated (OR 4.8; p= 0.02), and male gender had a trend to a positive association (OR 1.86; p= 0.06). Clinical scores were highly sensitive for hyperthyroidism (100 percent), but not for hypothyroidism (8 percent). The low prevalence of amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism suggests that this specific region is iodine-sufficient. All patients receiving chronic amiodarone therapy should be checked for clinical scores for hyperthyroidism and laboratory evaluation should be performed, as a screening for thyroid dysfunction, especially if they are male or have positive microsomal antibodies.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Amiodarone/adverse effects , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/adverse effects , Hyperthyroidism/chemically induced , Hypothyroidism/chemically induced , Age Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Methods , Hyperthyroidism/epidemiology , Hypothyroidism/epidemiology , Iodine/deficiency , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
Objetivos: Os autores apresentam revisão de literatura sobre emissões otoacústicas. Métodos: Revisão bibliográfica de livros-texto e artigos publicados nos últimos 5 anos no Medline. Conclusão: As emissões Otoacústicas representam método de avaliação auditiva objetivo, rápido e não invasivo. São reprodutíveis para cada indivíduo e podem ser utilizadas para triagem auditiva infantil, monitorização de drogas ototóxicas e exposição a ruídos