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1.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 91(3): 339-346, jun. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1126170

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Introducción: Las cardiopatías congénitas (CC), la malformación congénita más frecuente, han experimentado un aumento de sobrevida y crecimiento exponencial de la población de adolescentes y adultos portado res de CC. Para el éxito a largo plazo urgen intervenciones que optimicen la transición de cuidados de salud desde los servicios pediátricos a los de adulto. Objetivo: Describir el conocimiento y manejo de la enfermedad, autoeficacia y calidad de vida en adolescentes y jóvenes con CC en periodo de transfe rencia en dos hospitales en Santiago de Chile. Pacientes y Método: Estudio no experimental, descrip tivo, de corte transversal. Se aplicó: a) Encuesta de datos sociodemográficos, conocimiento y manejo de su enfermedad y uso de servicios de salud; b) Escala Con-Qol de Calidad de Vida Relacionada con Salud (CVRS) en pacientes con CC y c) Escala de Autoeficacia Generalizada (EAG). Resultados: Se obtuvo una muestra de 51 pacientes, 53% hombres, edad promedio de 17 ± 2,49 años. El 22% de las CC fue de complejidad simple, 29% moderada y 49% alta. Presentaron alta autoeficacia y buenos niveles de calidad de vida, sin embargo, mostraron escaso conocimiento y manejo de su enfermedad cardiaca. Conclusiones: Destaca la poca preparación para lograr una transición exitosa a servicios de adultos y jóvenes portadores de CC, siendo fundamental implementar programas de transición centrados en educación, autocuidado y automanejo de la enfermedad.


Abstract: Introduction: Congenital heart defects (CHD), the most frequent congenital malformations, have shown an in creased survival and exponential growth of the adolescent and adult population living with CHD. Interventions that optimize the transition of patients from pediatric to adult health care services are essential for ensuring positive long-term outcomes. Objective: To describe the knowledge and management of this disease, self-efficacy, and quality of life of young people with CHD during the transition period in two hospitals in Santiago, Chile. Patients and Method: Non-experimental, des criptive, cross-sectional study. Patients completed: a) a survey of socio-demographic data, knowledge and management of their condition, and use of health services; b) the Health-Related Quality of Life (Con-HRQoL) Scale in patients with CHD; and c) the Generalized Self-Efficacy (GSE) Scale. Re sults: We obtained a sample of 51 patients, 53% of them were men, and the mean age was 17 ± 2.49 years. The complexity of the CHD was mild in 22%, moderate in 29%, and high in 49%. Although patients reported high self-efficacy and good levels of quality of life, there was a lack of knowledge and self-management of their heart disease. Conclusions: The study showed that adolescents and young people with CHD are not prepared to achieve a successful transition to adult health care services, and there is a need for the implementation of transition programs focused on education, self-care, and self-management of the disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Quality of Life , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Self Efficacy , Transition to Adult Care , Heart Defects, Congenital/psychology , Heart Defects, Congenital/therapy , Linear Models , Chile , Patient Education as Topic , Cross-Sectional Studies , Health Status Indicators , Health Care Surveys , Facilities and Services Utilization
2.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 140(6): 726-731, jun. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-649842

ABSTRACT

Background: "Strong Families" is a family program aimed at preventing risk behaviors in adolescents from 10 to 14 years of age. It has been developed by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) and is based on the Iowa Strengthening Families Program. This program has been certified and has been proven to effectively prevent adolescent drug and alcohol abuse in several countries around the globe. Aim: To evaluate the Strong Families Program toward adjusting current parenting styles, aiming to decrease risk behaviors in Chilean adolescents. Material and Methods: A quasi-experimental study involving 120 families, selected from 6 schools within the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Chile. A group of 129 adolescents and 124 parents were chosen by convenience to be intervened. A control group of 223 adolescents and 165 parents were not intervened. The families that underwent intervention attended to 7 educational sessions. The intervened and control groups were evaluated before intervention as well as 6 months after intervention, by means of self-administered evaluation tools. Results: The intervened parents showed significant parenting changes six months after intervention, which resulted in less yelling (p = 0.007), insults (p = 0.002) and lack of control when their children misbehaved (p = 0.008). Regarding the risk behaviors in the intervened and control adolescents, no changes were observed in terms of the consumption rate of tobacco, alcohol or illegal drug use, or in sexual risk behaviors. Conclusions: After six months of intervention, the Program proved to be effective in modifying parenting styles. However, no changes were observed in risk behaviors among adolescents, which could occur within a longer period of time, as reported in other studies.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Adolescent Behavior , Family Health/standards , Program Evaluation , Chile , Parent-Child Relations , Risk , Risk-Taking
3.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 83(2): 146-153, abr. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-639750

ABSTRACT

Objective: This study examined family satisfaction with the education they received in the Strong Families Workshop, whose purpose is risk behavior prevention in adolescents aged 10 to 14. Patients and Method: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study involving 100 families (parents or guardians and adolescents) from five high schools in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Chile. The workshop consisted of seven sessions for parents, adolescents and families. An instrument was used on participants at 6 months post intervention. It included aspects relating to the structure, process and results of the workshop. Results: 100 percent of the families attended the complete workshop. The degree of satisfaction with the family sessions in both groups was greater than 90 percent, and greater than 80 percent with respect to the schedule, frequency, quality of videos, written program material, teacher quality and content completion achievements. Conclusions: There is great interest on the part of parents and adolescents to jointly participate in family strengthening workshops. This may justify the implementation of such at the school level, considering the role of educators as promoters of health and the family as a protective factor in healthy adolescent development.


Objetivo: Este trabajo estudió la satisfacción en familias con la educación recibida en el Taller Familias Fuertes, cuyo propósito es la prevención de conductas de riesgo en adolescentes de 10 a 14 años. Pacientes y Método: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, en 100 familias (padres o tutores y adolescentes) de cinco colegios de la Región Metropolitana de Santiago de Chile. El taller, constó de siete sesiones para padres, adolescentes y familia. Se aplicó un instrumento a los participantes a los 6 meses post intervención, que consideró aspectos de la estructura, proceso y resultados del taller. Resultados: El 100 por ciento de las familias asistió a la totalidad del taller. El grado de satisfacción en ambos grupos con la sesiones en familia fue mayor al 90 por ciento y mayor al 80 por ciento respecto del horario, frecuencia, vídeos, material escrito del programa, calidad docente y logros del cumplimiento de los contenidos. Conclusiones: Existe un gran interés de padres y adolescentes en participar en forma conjunta en talleres de fortalecimiento familiar, por lo tanto se justifica ampliar su implementación a nivel escolar considerando el rol de los educadores como agentes promotores de la salud y a la familia como un factor protector del desarrollo sano del adolescente.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adolescent Behavior , Family Relations , Health Education , Risk Reduction Behavior , Consumer Behavior , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Health Promotion , Parents , Patient Satisfaction , Program Evaluation
5.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 136(3): 317-324, mar. 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-484901

ABSTRACT

Background: Family is an important protective factor in the prevention of risk behaviors in Chilean adolescents. Aim To determine the prevalence of risk and protective factors and behaviors in Chilean students, and to study the association between family functioning and adolescent risk behaviors. Material and methods: Descriptive cross sectional study of 815 adolescents aged 15 ± 2 years (51 percent male), studying 7th to 12th grade in three educational facilities in Santiago, Chile. They answered the Adolescent Risk Behavior Score, adapted from the Adolescent Health Survey and the "How is your family" survey of the Pan American Health Organization. Results: Tobacco, alcohol and marihuana consumption was reported by 31 percent, 27 percent and 24 percent of students, respectively. Twelve percent reported being sad all the time, 23 percent being desperate and 13 percent being anxious. Forty four percent have had a sexual intercourse. The risk to have these behaviors was greater in adolescents who perceive their families as dysfunctional. Conclusions: In this sample, there was a high prevalence of risk behaviors, emotional symptoms and premature sexual intercourse. The risk of having these behaviors is higher among students who perceive their families as dysfunctional. The study emphasizes the protective function of family in the prevention of risk behaviors in Chilean students.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Adolescent Behavior , Family Relations , Risk-Taking , Students/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Affective Symptoms/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Parenting/psychology , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Sex Distribution , Sexual Behavior/statistics & numerical data , Students/psychology , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology
6.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 77(2): 153-160, abr. 2006. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-469656

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los Trastornos de Conducta Alimentaria (TCA) en adolescentes son un serio problema de salud pública que ha ido en aumento con sustancial morbilidad y mortalidad. Es importante una detección precoz, ya que el inicio de tratamiento temprano mejora la respuesta y el pronóstico. Objetivo: Cuantificar la prevalencia de riesgo de TCA en adolescentes mujeres de la Región Metropolitana (RM) y evidenciar si existen diferencias de prevalencia por grupos de edad y nivel socioeconómico (NSE), identificando el impacto de los rasgos psicológicos reforzadores en ellas. Pacientes y Metodo: Se aplicó el instrumento EDI-2 a un total de 1 610 escolares, entre 11 y 19 años. La muestra fue no probabilística, y se extrajo de 9 establecimientos educacionales de la RM, pertenecientes a comunas de distintos NSE elegidos por conveniencia. El punto de corte para considerar riesgo de TCA utilizado fue mayor o igual a 110. Resultados: Se analizaron 1 050 encuestas. El 8,3 por ciento de la población adolescente escolar presentó riesgo para TCA. Hubo una mayor prevalencia de riesgo de TCA en aquellos colegios pertenecientes a comunas de menores ingresos: bajo (11,3 por ciento), medio (8,3 por ciento) y alto (5,1 por ciento). Esta diferencia fue estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,02). Hubo una tendencia de mayor proporción de adolescentes con riesgo de TCA en el grupo 12 años o menos (10,3 por ciento), entre los 13 y 15 años (8,6 por ciento), y 7,4 por ciento para las de más de 16 años. (p < 0,575) las tres primeras escalas, (DT) Obsesión por la Delgadez (14,6 vs 6,3), (B) Bulimia (6,1 vs 1,8) y (BD) Insatisfacción Imagen Corporal (17,2 vs 7,7) discriminan el grupo de riesgo de desarrollar TCA. En las 8 escalas restantes se evidencian los rasgos reforzadores del TCA. Conclusiones: 1) El riesgo de prevalencia de TCA en población adolescente femenina escolar entre 11 y 19 años en la RM fue del 8,3 por ciento; 2) Hubo una mayor prevalencia de riesgo de TCA en colegios de NSE bajo (11,3%), (p < 0,02); 3) Existe una tendencia preocupante de que el grupo etario de mayor riesgo sea el de menor edad, a pesar de no ser estadísticamente significativo; 4) Las tres primeras escalas del EDI-2, DT, B y BD discriminan el grupo de riesgo de desarrollar trastornos de conducta alimentaria; 5) Creemos que la utilización de este test de screening es de gran utilidad en la detección de grupos de riesgo y deben ser aplicados por profesionales experimentados y a poblaciones específicas en estudio.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Feeding and Eating Disorders/diagnosis , Feeding and Eating Disorders/epidemiology , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Mass Screening/methods , Age Distribution , Chile/epidemiology , Data Collection , Prevalence , Psychometrics , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Students
7.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 128(2): 145-53, feb. 2000. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-258111

ABSTRACT

Background: There is paucity of information about bone metabolism during pregnancy or breast feeding in teenagers. Aim: To study bone turnover at the end of pregnancy and during breast feeding in teenagers and correlate it with environmental, hormonal or nutritional variables. Subjects and methods: Thirty teenagers during their breast feeding period after a first pregnancy and 30 nulliparous girls matched for age, age of menarche and body mass index were assessed three weeks after delivery (period 1), at six months of breast feeding (period 2) and one year after the lactating period (period 3). Calcium intake and plasma calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatases, parathormone, estradiol and prolactin were measured. Calcium, creatinine and hydroxyproline were also measured in a morning urine sample. Results: Lactating and control girls were aged 16.3ñ0.8 and 16.1ñ0.7 years old respectively. Calcium intake in lactating and control girls was 798ñ421 and 640ñ346 g/day respectively in period 1, 612ñ352 and 592ñ309 mg/day in period 2 and 495ñ180 and 456ñ157 g/day in period 3. During periods 1 and 2, lactating girls had higher alkaline phosphatases (161ñ37 compared to 119ñ28 U/l and 149ñ37 compared to 106ñ23 U/l), parathormone (4.3ñ2.6 compared to 2.8ñ0.8 ng/dl and 3.6ñ1.6 compared to 3.0ñ0.9 ng/dl) and urinary hydroxyproline (95ñ16 compared to 63ñ15 mg/g creatinine and 84ñ19 compared to 59ñ15 mg/g creatinine). No differences were observed in period 3. No correlation between bone turnover variables, body mass index or hormonal parameters, was observed. Conclusions: In teenagers, there is an increase in bone turnover at the end of pregnancy, that persists during the lactating period. These changes are not related to nutritional or hormonal variables


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Pregnancy in Adolescence , Bone Demineralization, Pathologic/epidemiology , Osteoporosis/epidemiology , Puerperal Disorders/epidemiology , Weaning , Breast Feeding/adverse effects , Smoking/epidemiology , Postpartum Period/blood , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Gonadal Steroid Hormones/blood
9.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 63(4): 216-21, jul.-ago. 1992. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-112540

ABSTRACT

Con el objetivo de comparar la eficacia y eficiencia de cuatro modalidades de atención del adolescente realizamos este estudio en cuatro consultorios del área Oriente de Santiago. En dos de ellos la atención del adolescente se efectúa como grupo etario separado, por especialistas generales en uno y subespecialistas en adolescencia en el otro. En los otros dos la atención es efectuada en la forma habitual dentro de los programas de salud infantil y del adulto. Se estudiaron tres aspectos: características demográficas de los consultantes, calidad de registro y calidad de atención. La mayoría de los consultantes son mujeres (59,76%), más de la mitad de ellas con edades comprendidas entre los 15 y 19 años (54,1%). El consultorio con mejor registro de la atención, tanto en la calidad de la anamnesis (95%) como en el registro del examen físico (37,5%), así como con menor número de exámenes solicitados por paciente, fue aquel que atiende los adolescentes con pediatras subespecialistas. La calidad de la atención sigue un patrón similar, observándose una mejor capacidad resolutiva, cuantitativa (40,41%) y cualitativa (44,4%), y un porcentaje de deserción bajo en este mismo consultorio. La modalidad de atención en la cual se realiza un diagnóstico más completo de los problemas de salud del adolescente es la que utiliza subespecialistas en una unidad destinada especialmente a este grupo etario. La modalidad de atención que le sigue en eficiencia y eficacia utiliza especialistas generales con una unidad de apoyo de salud mental


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent Medicine/organization & administration , Delivery of Health Care
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