Mechanism of ellagic acid improving cognitive dysfunction in APP/PS double transgenic mice based on PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of ellagic acid (EA) on cognitive function in APP/PS 1 double- transgenic mice, and to explore the regulatory mechanism of ellagic acid on the level of oxidative stress in the hippocampus of double-transgenic mice based on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase-3 (PI3K/AKT/GSK-3 β) signaling pathway. Methods Thirty-two SPF-grade 6-month-old APP/PS 1 double transgenic mice were randomly divided into four groups, namely, APP/PS 1 group, APP/PS1 + EA group, APP/PS1 + LY294002 group, APP/PS 1 + EA + LY294002 group, with eight mice in each group, and eight SPF-grade C57BL/6J wild type mice ( Wild type) were selected as the blank control group. The APP/PS 1 + EA group was given 50 mg · kg

A case-control study on gut microbiota diversity and species composition in obese/overweight children aged 2-6 years in Shanghai / 环境与职业医学

Background Multiple studies have shown a close relationship between changes in gut microbiota composition and obesity, and research results are influenced by factors such as race and geographical location, but there are few studies on children. Objective To analyze the diversity of gut microbiota related to obesity in a population of 2-6 years old, observe the distribution characteristics and species differences of gut microbiota between obese/overweight and normal weight groups, and explore the association betweenobese/overweight and gut microbiota diversity. Methods Fecal samples were collected from 74 children aged 2-6 years in Shanghai, including 18 obese/overweight individuals, 6 males and 12 females (male to female ratio of 1∶2), and 56 normal weight individuals, 18 males and 38 females (male to female ratio is nearly 1∶2). The 16S rDNA was extracted from bacteria in fecal samples, followed by PCR amplification, cDNA construction, and high-throughput sequencing. Naive Bayes algorithm was used to perform taxonomic analysis (phylum, class, order, family, genus, species) and community diversity analysis (Sobs index, Shannon index, Shannoneven index, Coverage index, PD index, and principal co-ordinates analysis) on representative sequences and abundance of amplicon sequence variants (ASV). Wilcoxon rank sum test, P-value multiple test correction, and analysis of similarities were used to test differences between the two groups to obtain information on the distribution characteristics and species differences of intestinal microbiota in children. Results Seventy-four fecal samples were sequenced, and the sequencing results were subjected to quality control and filtering. A total of 4905306 optimized sequences were obtained, resulting in 1860 ASVs. The diversity data analysis of ASVs generated 889 species annotation results at 8 taxonomic levels. The alpha diversity analysis showed that the richness (Sobs index), diversity (Shannon index), evenness (Shannoneven index), and phylogenetic diversity (PD index) of fecal community of the obese/overweight children were increased compared to those of the normal weight children, but there were no statistical differences between the two groups (P>0.05). The beta diversity analysis showed that there was little difference in the composition of microbial species between the two groups, and no significant clustering separation was observed. The results of species composition analysis at phylum, order, family, and genus levels of 74 samples showed a consistent core microbiota structure in the two groups of gut microbiota, but there were differences in microbiota composition. The differences in microbial community composition between the two groups were manifested at the taxonomic levels of order, family, and genus, among which phylum Firmicutes, order Erysipelotrichales, family Erysipelatocyclostridiaceae, genus Erysipelotrichaceae_ UCG-003 and genus Catenibacterium were significantly enriched in the obese/overweight group and contributed significantly to the phenotypic difference of obese/overweight [linear discriminant analysis (LDA)=3.72, P<0.01; LDA=3.29, P<0.05). Phylum Proteobacteria, order Enterobacterales, family Enterobacteriaceae, genus unclassified was significantly enriched in the normal weight group and contributed significantly to the phenotypic difference of normal body weight (LDA=3.93, P<0.05). Conclusion The richness and diversity of gut microbiota in obese/overweight children aged 2-6 years in Shanghai are increased, but there is no difference compared to normal weight children. There is a difference in the composition of gut microbiota between the obese/overweight group and the normal weight group.

Effect of pre-pregnancy obesity on trimester-specific thyroid dysfunction / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo explore the risk of different levels of pre-pregnancy obesity on trimester-specific thyroid dysfunction. MethodsQuestionnaire information， blood samples， and urine samples from a 2017 pregnancy cohort study in Shanghai， China were collected. A total of 2 455 pregnant women were included in the analysis. Pre-pregnancy BMI was calculated based on the height and self-reported pre-pregnancy weight. Serum TSH， total thyroxine （TT4）， free thyroxine （FT4）， total triiodothyronine （TT3）， free triiodothyronine （FT3）， thyroid globulin antibody（TgAb）， and Thyroid peroxidase antibody （TPOAb） were measured using the electrochemiluminescence method. Urine iodine levels were measured using the acid digestion method. Levels of thyroid function indexes of pregnant women with different degrees of obesity during pre-pregnancy were compared， and trimester-specific thyroid dysfunction was evaluated according to the reference range of trimester-specific thyroid hormone established by this cohort. Multivariate logistic regressions analysis was used to assess the correlation between pre-pregnancy obesity and trimester-specific thyroid dysfunction. ResultsAs the degree of obesity increased， maternal levels of FT3 and TT3 gradually increased during pregnancy （P<0.001， P=0.001）， while FT4 levels gradually decreased （P=0.001）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the normal weight group， pregnant women who were overweight or obesity before pregnancy had a significantly higher risk of hypothyroxinemia （OR=3.85， 95%CI： 2.08‒7.14， P<0.001） and high TT3 （OR=2.78， 95%CI： 1.45‒5.26， P=0.002） during pregnancy. ConclusionPre-pregnancy overweight or obesity can increase the risk of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy.

Research progress on influencing factors of early adiposity rebound in children and the effect on adolescent development in girls / 中华预防医学杂志

With the increasing rate of overweight and obesity in children worldwide, adiposity rebound(AR)closely related to obesity has become the spotlight, and early AR phase has a broad impact on pubertal development in girls, but the specific mechanism of action isn't very clear.This paper is review of the prevalence of early AR at home and abroad, and its influencing factors, the impact of AR on the adolescent development of girls and related mechanisms, to identify high-risk individuals with early AR, early AR to identify early adolescent development, and take early intervention measures to promote children's health.

Unraveling the serial glycosylation in the biosynthesis of steroidal saponins in the medicinal plant Paris polyphylla and their antifungal action

Sugar-sugar glycosyltransferases play important roles in constructing complex and bioactive saponins. Here, we characterized a series of UDP-glycosyltransferases responsible for biosynthesizing the branched sugar chain of bioactive steroidal saponins from a widely known medicinal plant Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. Among them, a 2'-O-rhamnosyltransferase and three 6'-O-glucosyltrasferases catalyzed a cascade of glycosylation to produce steroidal diglycosides and triglycosides, respectively. These UDP-glycosyltransferases showed astonishing substrate promiscuity, resulting in the generation of a panel of 24 terpenoid glycosides including 15 previously undescribed compounds. A mutant library containing 44 variants was constructed based on the identification of critical residues by molecular docking simulations and protein model alignments, and a mutant UGT91AH1Y187A with increased catalytic efficiency was obtained. The steroidal saponins exhibited remarkable antifungal activity against four widespread strains of human pathogenic fungi attributed to ergosterol-dependent damage of fungal cell membranes, and 2'-O-rhamnosylation appeared to correlate with strong antifungal effects. The findings elucidated the biosynthetic machinery for their production of steroidal saponins and revealed their potential as new antifungal agents.

Effect of acupuncture at "Zhibian" (BL 54) through "Shuidao" (ST 28) on the expression of apoptosis-related factors in rats with premature ovarian insufficiency based on oxidative stress / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the possible mechanism of acupuncture at "Zhibian" (BL 54) through "Shuidao" (ST 28) on premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) from the perspective of oxidative stress.@*METHODS@#Sixty female SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, a sham acupuncture group, a medication group, and an acupuncture group, 12 rats in each group. Except the blank group, the rats in the remaining groups were intraperitoneally injected with cyclophosphamide to establish the POI model. After the model was successfully established, the rats in the acupuncture group were treated with acupuncture at "Zhibian" (BL 54) through "Shuidao" (ST 28), with a depth of about 12 mm, and the needle was retained for 30 min; the acupuncture was given once a day, for a total of 4 weeks. The rats in the sham acupuncture group were treated with blunt-head needle to tap the skin surface of "Zhibian" (BL 54), without penetrating the skin, once a day for 4 weeks. The rats in the medication group were treated with estradiol valerate by gastric gavage for 4 weeks. After the intervention, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the ovarian tissue was detected by fluorescence probe; the expression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), forkhead box O1 (FoxO1), tumor suppressor gene protein 53 (p53) and p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (Puma) mRNA and protein in ovarian tissue were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the blank group, the level of ROS and the expression of JNK mRNA, p-JNK protein, FoxO1, p53, Puma mRNA and protein in the ovarian tissue in the model group were increased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the level of ROS and the expression of p-JNK protein, FoxO1, p53, Puma mRNA and protein in the ovarian tissue in the sham acupuncture group were slightly reduced, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The level of ROS and the expression of JNK mRNA, p-JNK protein, FoxO1, p53, Puma mRNA and protein in the ovarian tissue in the acupuncture group and the medication group were reduced (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture at "Zhibian" (BL 54) through "Shuidao" (ST 28) could improve the level of oxidative stress, down-regulate the expression of apoptosis-related factors JNK, FoxO1, p53 and Puma induced by oxidative stress, and inhibit the premature failure of ovarian reserve function caused by apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells in POI rats.

Berberine targets the electron transport chain complex I and reveals the landscape of OXPHOS dependency in acute myeloid leukemia with IDH1 mutation / 中国天然药物

Metabolic reprogramming, a newly recognized trait of tumor biology, is an intensively studied prospect for oncology medicines. For numerous tumors and cancer cell subpopulations, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is essential for their biosynthetic and bioenergetic functions. Cancer cells with mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) exhibit differentiation arrest, epigenetic and transcriptional reprogramming, and sensitivity to mitochondrial OXPHOS inhibitors. In this study, we report that berberine, which is widely used in China to treat intestinal infections, acted solely at the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complex I, and that its association with IDH1 mutant inhibitor (IDH1mi) AG-120 decreased mitochondrial activity and enhanced antileukemic effect in vitro andin vivo. Our study gives a scientific rationale for the therapy of IDH1 mutant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients using combinatory mitochondrial targeted medicines, particularly those who are resistant to or relapsing from IDH1mi.

Bone marrow microenvironment and differentiation of leukemia cells / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) is the environment on which leukemia cells depend. It contains stem cells, bone marrow stromal cells, and abundant cytokines, which can regulate the differentiation and proliferation of leukemia cells. The regulation of BMM on the differentiation of leukemia cells is a complex process that can act on different targets and signaling pathways. It mainly includes hypoxia-inducible factor, integrins, Notch, and Wnt/β-catenin signal pathways. The study of relationship between BMM and leukemia cell differentiation can help to find pathways and targets that induce leukemia differentiation which will find new directions for the treatment of leukemia.

Effect of TLR gene polymorphisms on primary immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in Han children of Guangxi / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To explore the association between Toll-like receptors(TLR) gene polymorphisms and the primary immune response level to Hepatitis B Vaccine in Han children in Guangxi. Methods A total of 513 Han children aged 8-9 months were collected from the department of pediatrics in the Maternal and Child Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Nanning Maternal and Child Health Hospital from 2014 to 2016. Peripheral venous blood of each study object was collected to detect HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe, anti-HBc and HBV DNA. The polymorphisms of 10 sites of TLR gene were detected by SNPscanTM multiple SNP typing techniques. The association between allele, genotype of TLR gene and anti-HBs levels were analyzed by non-conditional logistic regression. Results The genetic polymorphism of TLR3 gene rs13126816 was related to immune response after primary Hepatitis B immunization in Han children in Guangxi (OR=1.79，95% CI: 1.11-2.89, P=0.018). The anti-HBs level of children with A/A genotype［238.04(519.75) mIU/L］and G/A genotype［347.96(619.68) mIU/L］were significantly lower than those with G/G genotype［489.08(854.76) mIU/L］, and the differences were statistically significant (all P0.05). Conclusions The allele A of TLR3 gene rs13126816 may be the influencing factor for the low response of primary immune response to Hepatitis B Vaccine in Han children.

Ultrasound Assessment of Intima-media Thickness and Diameter of Carotid Arteries in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis or Renal Transplantation / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Renal transplant (RT) recipients have a high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.However,the effects of renal transplantation on the development of arteriosclerosis have been controversial.The carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and diameter (CD) are important indicators of vascular remodeling and arteriosclerosis.In this study,31 patients with hemodialysis (HD),31 RT recipients and 84 age-and gender-matched control subjects were enrolled.Their CIMT and CD were measured by ultrasonic radiofrequency tracking,and the linear regression models and Z test were used to identify the progression of arteriosclerosis and the risk factors.Compared with HD group,RT group had significantly lower CIMT and CD.CIMT was found to be associated with age,body weight,resistance index and diastolic velocity,while CD was associated significantly with age,body weight,pulsatility index,end diastolic velocity and diastolic blood pressure (DBP),respectively.The correlation curves between CIMT and age showed the slopes of curves were decreased successively in control,RT and HD groups,and the curves between CD and age showed the slopes were decreased in order of RT ＞ control ＞ HD groups.It was concluded that CIMT and CD were significantly correlated with age in RT and moderately with age in HD patients.RT could reduce the progress of arteriosclerosis in patients with end-stage renal disease.

Ultrasound Assessment of Intima-media Thickness and Diameter of Carotid Arteries in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis or Renal Transplantation / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Renal transplant (RT) recipients have a high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.However,the effects of renal transplantation on the development of arteriosclerosis have been controversial.The carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and diameter (CD) are important indicators of vascular remodeling and arteriosclerosis.In this study,31 patients with hemodialysis (HD),31 RT recipients and 84 age-and gender-matched control subjects were enrolled.Their CIMT and CD were measured by ultrasonic radiofrequency tracking,and the linear regression models and Z test were used to identify the progression of arteriosclerosis and the risk factors.Compared with HD group,RT group had significantly lower CIMT and CD.CIMT was found to be associated with age,body weight,resistance index and diastolic velocity,while CD was associated significantly with age,body weight,pulsatility index,end diastolic velocity and diastolic blood pressure (DBP),respectively.The correlation curves between CIMT and age showed the slopes of curves were decreased successively in control,RT and HD groups,and the curves between CD and age showed the slopes were decreased in order of RT ＞ control ＞ HD groups.It was concluded that CIMT and CD were significantly correlated with age in RT and moderately with age in HD patients.RT could reduce the progress of arteriosclerosis in patients with end-stage renal disease.

Three new diterpenoid alkaloids isolated from Aconitum brevicalcaratum / 中国天然药物

In the present study, three new aconitine-type diterpenoid alkaloids brochyponines A-C (1-3) were isolated from the roots of Aconitum brevicalcaratum. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses (IR, HR-ESI-MS, and 1D and 2D NMR). The NMR data of salt form for compound 1 in CDCl were also measured.

Enterovirus 71 inhibited interferon signaling by downregulating expression of IRF9 / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To explore the mechanism of EV71 antagonizing IFN signaling pathway.Methods: RD cells were infected or un-infected with EV71.Then the cells were treated with or without IFN-β.The four groups (the control group,the EV71 group,the IFN-β group,the EV71+IFN-β group) were detected by molecular biology techniques.The expression of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) were detected by Real-time PCR,while the protein levels of STAT1 and IRF9 were examined by Western blot assay.By preparing the cytosolic and nuclear fractions,the translocation of p-STAT1 was monitored through Western blot assay.Results:Compared with the IFN-β group,the mRNA level of OAS1,MX1 and ISG54 in the EV71+IFN-β group was down regulated by 47%, 50% and 48%,respectively,indicating that EV71 inhibited the expression of ISGs.The results also showed that EV71 did not effect the protein level and phosphorylation of STAT1.Moreover,we found that p-STAT1 was translocated into neuclear in IFN-β group,while p-STAT1 was located in the cytoplasm in the EV71+IFN-β group.And the expression of IRF9 was boviously down regulated in EV71+IFN-β group compared with that in IFN-β group,suggesting that EV71 blocked the expression of IRF9 induced by IFN-β.Conclusion:EV71 inhibited the IFN signaling pathway by downregulating the expression of IRF9 induced by IFN-β.

The relaxation of zonule in primary angle closure suspects / 眼科新进展

Objecttve To compare the difference of relaxation distribution of zonule in different orientations between primary angle closure suspects (PACS) and normal controls,and to explore the role of latent subluxated lens in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.Methods Together 19 eyes of 19 PACS (PACS group) and 19 eyes of 19 age-,gender-and eye-matched normal controls (control group) were enrolled in this study.Pentacam was performed under standardized dark conditions before and 30 min after instillation of compound tropicamide eye drop.Peripheral anterior chamber depth (peri-ACD) of 8 orientations (superior,temporal superior,temporal,temporal inferior,inferior,nasal inferior,nasal,nasal superior position) in the central 4 mm diameter was measured automatically in each eye.The differences of peri-ACD (△ peri-ACD) before and after mydriasis were measured to reflex the relaxation of zonule.The difference of peri-ACD in 8 orientations after mydriasis could confirm the possibility of latent subluxated lens,and its range could verify the degree of lens deviation.Results Significant difference was observed in each groups in terms of △peri-ACD (P＜0.001,0.043).The △peri-ACD of the temporal inferior position was (0.40 ± 0.28)mm in PACS group,which was smaller than that in the control group [(0.55 ±0.15)mm] (P =0.041),but no significant difference was observed between PACS patients and normal controls in other orientations (all P ＞ 0.05).And significant difference was detected between the 8 positions of peri-ACD after mydriasis in each groups (P =0.001,0.009),and these parameters between the two groups were also significantly different (all P ＜ 0.01).Moreover,there was no significant difference in the difference of between the minimum and maximum peri-ACD in the PACS group and the control group [(0.35 ± 0.18)mm vs.(0.43 ± 0.28) mm] (P =0.362).Conclusion The uneven relaxation distribution of zonule may exist in both PACS patients and normal controls,and the relaxation of zonule may be significant in temporal inferior position in PACS patients.

Three new diterpenoid alkaloids isolated from Aconitum brevicalcaratum / 中国天然药物

In the present study, three new aconitine-type diterpenoid alkaloids brochyponines A-C (1-3) were isolated from the roots of Aconitum brevicalcaratum. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses (IR, HR-ESI-MS, and 1D and 2D NMR). The NMR data of salt form for compound 1 in CDCl were also measured.

Analysis of related parameters of ocular biometric values in children and adolescents / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To measure ocular biometric values with sexual and age and determine the relationship between the differences using the Lenstar 900.METHODS:Totally 413 myopes 826 eyes,200 males (400 eyes) and 213 females (426 eyes),were enrolled in this study and were divided into 3 groups:Group Ⅰ (＜ 5 years),Group Ⅱ (5-10 years),Group Ⅲ (＞10 years).Central corneal thickness (CCT),anterior chamber depth (ACD),lens thickness (LT),axial length (AL),white-to-white distance (WWD) and pupil diameter (PD) were measured by Lenstar 900.The differences between age groups and gender groups were compared using the LSD and SNKk methods in variance analysis.Pearson correlation coefficient to assess AL,CCT,ACD,LT,WWD,PD in children and adolescents.RESULTS:There were significant difference in CCT between ages groups (P＜0.05) which increased with the age.There were significant differences both in ACD and AL between sexual groups.With analysis of Person,CCT showed a significantly positive correlation with WWD and PD(r=0.208,0.167;P＜0.05) and ACD showed a significantly positive correlation with AL,WWD,PD(r=0.620,0.238,0.192;P＜0.05).LT showed a significantly negative correlation with ACD,AL and WWD (r=-0.271,-0.186,-0.227;P＜0.05).WWD showed a significantly positive correlation with PD (r=0.273,P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:CCT has gradually thickening trend with ages.Men are more than women in ACD and AL.CCT shows positive correlation with WWD and PD and ACD shows positive correlation with AL,WND,PD.LT shows negative correlation with ACD,AL and WWD.WWD showed positive correlation with PD.

Detection of large deletions in X linked Alport syndrome using competitive multiplex fluorescence polymerase chain reaction / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To evaluate the ability of multiplex competitive fluorescence polymerase chain reaction in detection of large deletion and duplication genotypes of X-linked Alport syndrome.Methods:Clinical diagnosis of X-linked Alport syndrome was based on either abnormal staining of type Ⅳ collagen α5 chain in the epidermal basement membrane alone or with abnormal staining of type Ⅳ collagen α5 chain in the glomerular basement membrane and Bowman's capsule/ultrastructural changes in the glomerular basement membrane typical of Alport syndrome.A total of 20 unrelated Chinese patients (13 males and 7 females) clinically diagnosed as X-linked Alport syndrome were included in the study.Their genotypes were unknown.Control subjects included a male patient with other renal disease and two patients who had large deletions in COL4A5 gene detected by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification.Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes in all the participants.Multiplex competitive fluorescence polymerase chain reaction was used to coamplify 53 exons of COL4A5 gene and four reference genes in a single reaction.When a deletion removed exon 1 of COL4A5 gene was identified,the same method was used to coamplify the first 4 exons of COL4A5 and COL4A6 genes,a promoter shared by COL4A5 and COL4A6 genes,and three reference genes in a single reaction.Any copy number loss suggested by this method was verified by electrophoresis of corresponding polymerase chain reaction amplified products or DNA sequencing to exclude possible DNA variations in the primer regions.Results:Genotypes of two positive controls identified by multiplex competitive fluorescence polymerase chain reaction were consistent with those detected by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification.Deletions were identified in 6 of the 20 patients,including two large deletions removing the 5'part of both COL4A5 and COL4A6 genes with the breakpoint located in the second intron of COL4A6,two large deletions removing more than 30 exons of COL4A5 gene,one large deletion removing at least 1 exon of COL4A5 gene,and one small deletion involving 13 bps.No duplication was found.Conclusion:Our results show that multiplex competitive fluorescence polymerase chain reaction is a good alternative to classical techniques for large deletion genotyping in X-linked Alport syndrome.

Walking Ability of an Unilateral Transfemoral Amputee with Four Kinds of Prosthetic Knee Joints / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To compare the walking abilities of an unilateral transfemoral amputee with four different prosthetic knee joints, to provide a reference for clinical prosthetic prescription. Methods An unilateral transfemoral amputee was asked to wear four kinds of pros-thetic knee joints, mechanical four-bar, pneumatic four-bar, hydraulic and intelligent prosthetic knee joints, and evaluated with Timed Up and Go Test, indoor 6-Minute Walk Test, Static Stand Balance Test and a 1000-meter Outdoor Walking Ability Test, wearing Intelligent De-vice for Energy Expenditure and Activity. Results The amputee consumed the least energy and walked the fastest with intelligent prosthetic knee joint. Conclusion There are some difference in walking ability with different prosthetic knee joints.

Natural hosts infected with Babesia in Fujian Province, China / 中国人兽共患病学报

We explored the status of Babesia infection in natural hosts in Fujian Province.Rodents in Fujian Province were captured by the night trapping method during 2014-2016.Heart blood samples were collected.At the same time blood samples of ox,goats and dogs were also collected,from which the fragments of 18S rRNA gene of Babesia were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Data on infection rate were analyzed with Chi-square or Fisher exact test to indicate statistical significance.Results showed that 5 917 cages were laid and 381 rodents were captured,density of rodent was 6.44％.The o verall Babesia infection rate in rodents was 7.61％,while infection rate in domesticated rodents was 1.68％,and the infection rate in wide rodents was 12.87％.The infection rate was higher in wild rodents than that in domesticated rodents,and the statistical analysis result revealed a significant difference.The infection rates in region of Central Fujian and Eastern Fujian was high,and no infection was found in Southern Fujian region.The statistical analysis result revealed a significant difference in infection rate among different regions.The infection rate of goats and dogs were determined to be 1.79 ％ and 0.55 ％,and no infection was found in ox.The infection rate was higher in rodents than that in other host animals,and the statistical analysis result revealed a significant difference.It is suggested that the rodents,especially the wide rodents are the main natural hosts of Babesia.

Walking Ability of an Unilateral Transfemoral Amputee with Four Kinds of Prosthetic Knee Joints / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To compare the walking abilities of an unilateral transfemoral amputee with four different prosthetic knee joints, to provide a reference for clinical prosthetic prescription. Methods An unilateral transfemoral amputee was asked to wear four kinds of pros-thetic knee joints, mechanical four-bar, pneumatic four-bar, hydraulic and intelligent prosthetic knee joints, and evaluated with Timed Up and Go Test, indoor 6-Minute Walk Test, Static Stand Balance Test and a 1000-meter Outdoor Walking Ability Test, wearing Intelligent De-vice for Energy Expenditure and Activity. Results The amputee consumed the least energy and walked the fastest with intelligent prosthetic knee joint. Conclusion There are some difference in walking ability with different prosthetic knee joints.