Instillation of diesel exhaust particles on the posterior wall of pharynx on reproductive function in female mice / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The present work aims to investigate the effects of subacute exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) on reproductive function in female mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 168 ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) mice were randomly divided into four groups by numeration table method, including the low (B), middle (C), high (D) dose DEP exposure groups and the control group (A). Each group consisted of 42 mice. Mice were inoculated with 30 µl DEP suspension at 0.8 (B), 3.0 (C), 12.0 (D) µg/µl, respectively, or the same volume of phosphate-buffered saline (A) on pharynx posterior wall per triduum for 4 times. The body weight and ovary weight were tested and ovary weight/body weight ratios were calculated. Rates of survival, germinal vesicle breakdown, extrusion of the first polar body, in-vitro fertilization and quantity of mitochondrial DNA for the oocytes were investigated. Ultrastructural changes of the oocytes were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ovary weight/body weight ratios were (15.4 ± 7.3) × 10(-5), (14.1 ± 6.8) × 10(-5), (8.2 ± 0.7) × 10(-5) and (7.2 ± 2.5) × 10(-5) in groups A, B, C and D (F = 3.841, P < 0.05). In groups A, B, C and D at 48 h post-insemination, rates of oocyte survival were 64.3%, 56.8%, 39.5% and 32.9% (χ(2) = 21.575, P < 0.05), rates of extrusion of the first polar body were 75.5%, 65.3%, 37.0% and 27.1% (χ(2) = 52.772, P < 0.05), rates of 2-cell embryos were 27.9%, 39.1%, 17.6% and 12.5% (χ(2) = 20.148, P < 0.05), and rates of embryos over 2 cells were 45.3%, 32.2%, 12.5% and 13.9% (χ(2) = 32.135, P < 0.05), respectively, and were significantly lower in groups C and D compared with group A (P < 0.05). Logarithmic values of mitochondrial DNA copy numbers were 6.54 ± 0.13, 6.48 ± 0.09, 5.57 ± 0.15 and 5.41 ± 0.07 in groups A, B, C and D, respectively, and were significantly lower in groups C and D compared with group A or B (F = 89.241, P < 0.05). A number of mitochondria of the oocytes exhibited tremendous tumescence and vacuolization in groups C and D, which was contrast to a roughly normal appearance in groups A and B.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>DEP is noxious to murine female reproduction. Subacute exposure to DEP injures the ovary and oocyte resulting in compromised ovarian function and fertilizability of the oocyte.</p>

Effect of Intracerebral Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Blood on Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage in Neonatal Rat / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of intracerebral transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) derived from human umbilical cord blood(UCB) on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD) in neonatal rat.Methods Twenty samples of human UCB were collected from healthy full-term newborns.MSCs were isolated from human UCB by density gradient centrifugation and purified by adhere cell selection method.For transplantation,P3 human UCB-derived MSCs were labeled by the 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU).Thirty SD rats of 7 d were built for neonatal HIBD model.One rat died and others were divided into transplant group(n=18) and control group(n=11).At the third day after building models,human UCB-derived MSCs were injected into left cortex in transplant group,while PBS of the same volume was injected into the same site in control group at the same time.The seventh day after transplantation,6 rats of transplant group were sacrificed to prepare brain tissue sections.The survival,migration and differentiation of the transplanted cells were investigated by brain tissue immunohistochemical analysis,and nervous function of 2 groups were evaluated by modified neurological severity score(mNSS) on the first,7th,14th,21th and 28th day after transplantation.Results MSCs were isolated from 5 of 20 human UCB samples.Immunocytochemical analysis of brain tissue showed that the transplanted human UCB-derived MSCs could survive and migrate around by the center of transplant site.There were (12.67?2.73)% of MSCs differentiated into astrocyte-like cells.mNSS showed that the score of transplant group was lower than that of control group on the first,7th,14th,21th and 28th day,and the differences of score points between 2 groups on the 14th,21th and 28thday were statistically significant(Pa

Effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza on neuropeptide Y1-36 and calcitonin gene-related peptide in neonatal rats with hypoxia-ischemic brain injury / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) on levels of neuropeptide Y1-36 and calcitonin gene-related peptide immune reactive substances (ir-NPY, ir-CGRP) in blood plasma and pons-oblongata after hypoxia-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) in neonatal rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seven-day old rats were randomized into HIBI group (A), HIBI + SM group (B) and sham operation group(C). And each group was subdivided into 4 subgroups according to the different time after operation. 0.5 ml SM was injected intraperitoneally immediately and every 12 hrs afterwards. Changes of ir-NPY and ir-CGRP levels in plasma and pons-oblongata were observed immediately and 12, 24 and 48 hrs after HIBI by radioimmunoassay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Plasma levels of ir-NPY and ir-CGRP in different times after HIBI were all significantly raised but those in pons-oblongata were either raised or lowered to a certain degree. Part of the elevated ir-NPY could be reversed by SM injection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Central and peripheral neuropeptide Y1-36 and calcitonin gene-related peptide take part in the pathophysiological process of HIBI, SM could partially reverse the abnormal post-HIBI elevation of ir-NPY, which may be one of the pathways of SM in promoting recovery of damaged brain function.</p>

Effects of different interval intracerebroventricular administration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in neonatal rats / 中国药理学通报

AIM: To observe the effects of different interval administration of exogenous brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in neonatal rats. METHODS: BDNF (0.5 μg) was microinjected intracerebroventricularly at 0, 1 and 4 h after the hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in 7 d neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats undergone by ligation of left common carotid artery followed by a 2.5 h inhalation of humidified 8% 02 + 92% N2 at 37°C immediately after the injury, respectively. Changes of brain edema, levels of malondialehyde (MDA) and neuronal apoptosis at the left cortex and hippocampus were investigated 24 h after the injury. RESULTS: The most prominent effect of BDNF was seen in 0 h group with a marked decreases in brain edema and levels of MDA and a significantly alleviated neuronal apoptosis while it was lowered obviously when administered at 4 h after the insult. CONCLUSION: BDNF exerts a prominent protective effect on hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in neonatal rats when given as early as possible after the injury rather than later administration.