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Sphingosine kinase (SphK), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and S1P receptor (S1PR) are involved in the tumor biological processes such as tumor cell proliferation and migration, and play an important role in the development of cancer. In recent years, researchers have increasingly focused on the interaction between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment. The tumor microenvironment is genetically stable and can be induced to an antitumor phenotype, which has significant therapeutic advantages. Studies have shown that SphK/S1P/S1PR can regulate multiple aspects of the tumor microenvironment. This review summarizes the effects of SphK and S1P/S1PR signaling on the tumor microenvironment from four perspectives: tumor immune microenvironment, cancer associated fibroblasts, tumor angiogenesis and tumor hypoxic microenvironment, and also outlines potential drug research related to these signal molecules, aiming to elucidate the role of SphK/S1P/S1PR in tumor occurrence and development and provide new ideas for the research of anti-tumor drugs.
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Thirteen isoflavones were separated and purified from an ethanol extract of the rhizome of Dalbergia benthamii Prain by using silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, recrystallization et al. Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analysis such as MS, 1D/2D-NMR as dalbergibenthamin (1), butesuperin A (2), xanthocercin A (3), butesuperin B (4), di-O-methylalpinum isoflavone (5), 2′-deoxgisoaunculutin (6), robustone (7), 4′-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxy-6-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-isoflavone (8), formononetin (9), 6″-O-rhamnosyldaidzin (10), 3′,4′-di-O-methylene-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-6-isopentenyl isoflavone (11), derrubone dimethyl enter (12), and derrubone (13). Compound 1 is a pair of new isoflavonoid enantiomers, compound 12 is a new natural product and compounds 1-7 and 10-13 were obtained from D. benthamii Prain for the first time. In vitro cytotoxic activities of the compounds were explored by MTS testing with HL-60, A-549, SMMC-7721, MCF-7 and SW480 cell lines. Results show that compound 8 significantly inhibited cellular proliferation. The IC50 of compound 8 in A-549 and SW480 cells was 16.68 ± 0.19 and 15.21 ± 0.60 μmol·L-1.
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AIM: To analyse the prevalence and risk factors of dry eye among children aged 7-14 years in myopia prevention and control clinic.METHODS:A total of 222 children aged 7-14 years in myopia prevention and control clinic from December 2021 to February 2022 were included. General data of included children were collected, assessing the prevalence of dry eye by the ocular surface disease index(OSDI)scale and Keratograph 5M, and analyzing risk factors for dry eye occurrence by Logistic regression model.RESULTS:The prevalence of dry eye in children in myopia prevention and control clinic was 27.9%. Logistic Regression analysis showed that, allergic conjunctivitis(OR=2.31, 95%CI=1.12-4.78, P=0.02), refractive error(OR=5.57, 95%CI=2.40-12.94, P<0.01), use time of electronic >2h per day(OR=2.74, 95%CI=1.11-6.78, P=0.03), time of playing games >2h per day(OR=2.33, 95%CI=1.12-4.84, P=0.02), outdoor activity time ≤2h per day(OR=4.28, 95%CI=2.02-9.07, P<0.01)and sleep duration <8h per day(OR=3.23, 95%CI=1.44-7.27, P=0.01)were risk factors for dry eye among the children.CONCLUSIONS:The prevalence of dry eye among children in myopia prevention and control clinic should be paid high attention. Therefore, improving behavior habits and controlling the use time of visual display terminal products to prevent and slow down the occurrence of dry eye in children.
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AIM: To determine the students' satisfaction with the three teaching modes in the contact lens course and provide suggestions to improve teaching quality.METHODS: We conducted a survey at Tianjin Medical University in June 2021 using the Students' Evaluations of Educational Quality(SEEQ)questionnaire. We used descriptive statistics to analyze SEEQ items and the One-way ANOVA was used to determine differences in scores among the three modes.RESULTS: Among the 221 valid responses collected, 87(39.4%)respondents were males and 134(60.6%)were females. The total scores were 151.46(12.45), 148.71(13.14), and 147.97(14.56)for offline, online, and blended teaching, respectively, with no significant difference(F=1.10, P=0.33). Students had a longer interaction time with the teacher in offline teaching than in online and blended teaching(P=0.03). The three different teaching modes have no significant difference among genders or academic performance(P=0.33, P=0.91, respectively). Furthermore, 18.1% of students suggested that the amount of experiment time should be increased.CONCLUSION: Students were satisfied with all three teaching modes. However, they had more interaction time with teachers in traditional offline teaching compared with online and blended teaching. More time is needed to increase teachers' online teaching ability.
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Hepatolenticular degeneration（HLD），also known as Wilson disease （WD）， is a genetic disorder characterized by copper metabolism disorder caused by ATP7B gene mutation. Specifically， due to the ceruloplasmin synthesis disorder induced by gene mutation，copper cannot be excreted through bile，which results in pathological deposition of copper in various organs and damage to organs such as the brain and the liver. The incidence of WD in Chinese is significantly higher than that in the world. Copper chelating agents， such as D-penicillamine and dimercaptosuccinic acid， are used as the main therapeutic agents in western medicine. However， many clinical adverse events limit the application of these drugs. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has its characteristics in the treatment of WD. As confirmed by long-term research on TCM clinical diagnosis and treatment，MD has become TCM dominant disease. In spite of many views about the etiology and pathogenesis of WD，a consensus has not been reached so far. Based on the theory of latent pathogen in TCM and the pathological mechanism of excessive deposition of copper ions in the body，this study proposed that latent toxin is the key etiology of WD，and further elaborated that the latent toxin of WD was inherited from parents and occurred in children and adolescents，which was hidden in the liver and the kidney and damaged the brain. The latent toxin， Yang in nature and dispersing in property， is prone to transform into dampness-heat to block Qi movement and produce phlegm leading to stasis. Furthermore， this study determined latent toxin blocking collaterals as the basic pathogenesis of WD and revealed the complex clinical manifestations of latent toxin blocking collaterals such as liver collaterals，brain collaterals，kidney collaterals，spleen collaterals，stomach collaterals，lung collaterals，heart collaterals， and uterus collaterals. Treatment should follow the basic therapeutic principles of resolving pathogens，removing toxins， and dredging collaterals. This study is expected to provide a theoretical basis for syndrome differentiation and treatment of WD in TCM.
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ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of Gandou Fumu granules （GDFM） in the treatment of Wilson disease （WD） with liver-kidney deficiency and phlegm-blood stasis. MethodNinety WD patients in The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine were randomly divided into a control group （45 cases） and a treatment group （45 cases）. All patients were treated with sodium 2，3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonate （DMPS）， while those in the treatment group received additional GDFM. All patients were treated for four courses （32 days）. The traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome scores，clinical effective rate，24 h urinary copper，ceruloplasmin （CER），tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α），interleukin-1β（IL-1β），interleukin-6 （IL-6），superoxide dismutase （SOD），glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） and malondialdehyde （MDA） levels of the two groups before and after treatment were observed. ResultAfter treatment， the TCM syndrome scores of the two groups decreased （P<0.01），and the score of TCM syndrome in the treatment group was lower than that of the control group （P<0.01）. The total effective rate of the treatment group was 82.22% （37/45）， higher than 57.78% （26/45） of the control group （χ2=6.402，P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in CER before and after treatment in both groups. The post-treatment 24 hour urinary copper increased （P<0.01）， which was higher in the treatment group than that in the control group （P<0.05）. The TNF-α，IL-1β， and IL-6 levels were significantly reduced in both groups after treatment（P<0.01），and the above indicators in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group （P<0.01）. After treatment，the SOD level increased and the MDA level decreased in the control group （P<0.01）， while no significant difference in GSH-Px level was observed. The SOD and GSH-Px levels increased and the MDA level decreased in the treatment group （P<0.01）. After treatment， SOD and GSH-Px levels of the treatment group were higher than those in the control group， while the MDA level was lower than that in the control group（P<0.05，P<0.01）. ConclusionGDFM can improve the TCM syndrome score and clinical efficacy，enhance the copper removing effect，and inhibit the inflammatory response and antioxidative stress in the treatment of WD with liver and kidney deficiency and phlegm-blood stasis.
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ObjectiveTo identify the protective effect and possible mechanism of Gandou Fumu decoction （GDFMD） on liver fibrosis in mice with Wilson's disease. MethodA total of 50 homozygous TXJ mice were randomly divided into five groups， with 10 mice in each group. Ten wild-type mice were selected as a normal group. The GDFMD high， medium， and low-dose groups were given 13.92， 6.96， 3.48 g·kg-1 of GDFMD， respectively. The penicillamine group were given 0.1 g·kg-1 of penicillamine. The model group and the normal group were given the same volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution once a day for 4 consecutive weeks. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） method was performed to detect serum superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity and malondialdehyde （MDA） content. Corresponding kits were used to detect the mitochondrial adenine triphosphate （ATP） content and Na+-K+-ATPase activity in liver tissues. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological morphology of liver tissue， and transmission electron microscope was used to observe ultrastructural changes of liver tissues in mice. Western blot was used to detect the c-Jun N-terminal kinase， the phosphorylated protein， and the expressions of Caspase-3， B cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， and Bcl-2 associated X protein （Bax） in c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK） signaling pathway. ResultCompared with the normal group， MDA content increased and SOD activity decreased in the model group （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， SOD activities in the GDFMD high-， medium-， and low-dose groups and the penicillamine group significantly increased （P<0.01）， and MDA content significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group， ATP content and Na+-K+-ATPase activity significantly decrease in the model group （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， ATP content and Na+-K+-ATPase activity in the GDFMD medium and high-dose groups and the penicillamine group significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The results of the pathological morphology of liver tissue showed that a large number of liver cells degeneration and necrosis， inflammatory cell infiltration， unclear liver lobule structure， and collagen fiber deposition were observed in the model group. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the number of mitochondria in liver tissues significantly reduced， the mitochondria were locally damaged， and the cristae of mitochondria were broken even disappear in the model group. The pathological morphology of liver tissue and mitochondrial structure recovered to varying degrees after medicinal intervention. The results of Western blot suggested that， compared with the normal group， the expression levels of phosphorylation-JNK （p-JNK）， p-JNK/JNK， Caspase-3， and Bax in the liver tissues were up-regulated， while the expression of Bcl-2 was down-regulated in the model group （P<0.05）. The expression levels of p-JNK， p-JNK/JNK， Caspase-3 and Bax were down-regulated and the expression of Bcl-2 was up-regulated in the GDFMD high and medium-dose groups and the penicillamine group （P<0.01）. ConclusionGDFMD can alleviate oxidative stress damage and recover mitochondrial function of TXJ mice with liver fibrosis. The mechanism of GDFMD may be related to regulating the JNK signaling pathway and downstream factors and inhibiting cell apoptosis.
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ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Qishengwan on ileal flora during its treatment of Alzheimer's disease （AD） under the guidance of the theory of "interior-exterior relationship between heart and small intestine". MethodThe AD model was established by bilateral intraventricular injection of β-amyloid 1-42 （Aβ1-42）. The rats were then randomly divided into the blank group， sham-operated group， model group， low-， medium-， and high-dose （5.6， 11.2，22.4 g·kg-1·d-1） Qishengwan groups， and donepezil （0.46 mg·kg-1·d-1） group. After medication for 28 successive days， the spatial memory ability of rats was observed in water maze test， and the levels of Aβ1-42， nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in the hippocampus were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Additionally， the contents of the ileum were collected and subjected to 16SrRNA-sequencing analysis for figuring out the changes in ileal flora. ResultCompared with the blank group and sham-operated group， the model group exhibited significantly reduced stay time in the target quadrant and number of target quadrant and platform crossings （P<0.05， P<0.01） and elevated Aβ1-42 content in the hippocampus （P<0.01） and central inflammatory factors NF-κB， TNF-α， and IL-6 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Qishengwan at each dose significantly alleviated the impaired spatial memory function （P<0.05， P<0.01）， improved the deposition of Aβ1-42 in the hippocampus of rats （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and reduced the expression of central nervous system inflammatory factors （P<0.05， P<0.01）， thus exerting a good therapeutic effect on AD rats. The 16SrRNA-sequencing analysis results showed that the structure of the ileal flora in the model group was significantly separated from those in the blank group and sham-operated group. The abundance of Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group was significantly increased （P<0.01）， while that of Escherichia-Shigella was reduced （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Qishengwan at each dose significantly changed the ileal flora structure and regulated the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group， Escherichia-Shigella， and Ruminococcaceae. ConclusionQishengwan has a positive therapeutic effect on AD. It can significantly enhance the memory and cognitive abilities in AD rats， which may be related to its regulation of the structure of rat ileal flora and the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group， Escherichia-Shigella， and Ruminococcaceae， the attenuation of the central neuroinflammatory response， and the reduction of central Aβ1-42 deposition.
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AIM:To investigate the correlation between corneal biomechanical parameters measured by the corneal visualization Scheimpflug Technology(Corvis ST)and corneal high-order aberrations(HOAs)in children with mild to moderate myopia.METHODS:A cross-sectional study. A total of 255 pediatric patients with myopia enrolled from April to July 2021 in Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital were continuously collected, and all the right eyes were taken for analysis. Corneal biomechanical parameters were obtained from Corvis ST. Pentacam three-dimensional anterior segment analyzer was used to measure total corneal higher-order aberrations(RMSh), third order aberrations(RMS3)and fourth order aberrations(RMS4).RESULTS:RMS3 was positively correlated with the second applanation time(A2T)(r=0.175, P=0.009)and negatively correlated with the axis length(AL)(r=-0.155, P=0.014). RMS4 was negatively correlated with the highest concavity radius(HCR)(r=-0.165, P=0.009). RMSh was negatively correlated with HCR and AL(r=-0.152, P=0.037; r=-0.175, P=0.005).CONCLUSION:There is a correlation between corneal biomechanical parameters and HOAs in children with myopia. Cornea with higher stiffness and stronger deformation resistance has smaller RMS3, RMS4 and RMSh.
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Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of remimazolam combined with alfentanil for gastroscopy in frail elderly patients.Methods:Sixty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ elderly patients, aged 65-85 yr, with body mass index of 18-30 kg/m 2, of Clinical Frailty Scale score≥5, scheduled for elective painless gastroscopy, were divided into 2 groups ( n=30 each) using a random number table method: remimazolam combined with alfentanil group (group R) and propofol combined with remifentanil group (group P). A combination of alfentanil 10 μg/kg and remimazolam 0.2 mg/kg was intravenously injected until loss of consciousness in group R. Remifentanil 0.5 μg/kg combined with propofol 1.0-2.0 mg/kg was intravenously injected until loss of consciousness in group P. According to the intraoperative conditions, 1/4 of the initial dose of remimazolam was intravenously injected in group R, and 1/4 of the initial dose of propofol was intravenously injected in group P. The time for gastroscopy, requirement for additional remimazolam or propofol, onset time of anesthesia, emergence time and time of post-anesthesia care unit stay were recorded.Physician′s satisfaction scores, patient′s satisfaction scores and Verbal Pain Scale scores were recorded.The occurrence of injection pain, respiratory depression, bradycardia, hypotension and nausea and vomit was recorded. Results:There was no significant difference in the requirement for additional remimazolam or propofol, onset time of anesthesia, time for gastroscopy, physician′s satisfaction scores, and patient′s satisfaction scores, Verbal Pain Scale scores and incidence of nausea and vomit between two groups ( P>0.05). Compared with P group, the emergence time and time of post-anesthesia care unit stay were significantly shortened, and the incidence of injection pain (0 vs.33%), respiratory depression (0 vs.20%), hypotension (3% vs.23%) and bradycardia (3% vs.23%) was decreased in R group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Remimazolam combined with alfentanil is safe and effective, with rapid recovery from anesthesia, and provides better efficacy than the combination of propofol and remifentanil when used for gastroscopy in frail elderly patients.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of propofol on proliferation, invasion and migration of human melanoma cells and role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)/matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) signaling pathway.Methods:SKMEL-5 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into 4 groups ( n=36 each) using the random number table method: control group (group C), propofol group (group P), COX-2 overexpression group (group COX-2), and COX-2 overexpression plus propofol group (group COX-2+ P). Propofol at the final concentration of 60 μmol/L was added in group P. The COX-2 overexpression plasmid pcDNA3.1-COX-2 was transfected into SKMEL-5 cells in group COX-2 and group COX-2+ P, and propofol at the final concentration of 60 μmol/L was added in group COX-2+ P.After incubation for 48 h, the cell proliferation rate was determined by CCK-8 method, the cell invasion and migration ability was determined by Transwell assay, the expression of COX-2 in cells was detected by Western blot, the expression of COX-2 mRNA in cells was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the concentrations of serum PGE2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results:Compared with group C, the cell proliferation rate was significantly decreased, the number of cell invasion and migration was decreased, the expression of COX-2 protein and mRNA was down-regulated, and the concentrations of PGE2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the supernatant were decreased in group P, and the cell proliferation rate was significantly increased, and the number of cell invasion and migration was increased, the expression of COX-2 protein and mRNA was up-regulated, and the concentrations of PGE2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the supernatant were increased in group COX-2 ( P<0.05). Compared with group P, the cell proliferation rate was significantly increased, and the number of cell invasion and migration was increased, the expression of COX-2 protein and mRNA was up-regulated, and the concentrations of PGE2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the supernatant were increased in group COX-2+ P ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Propofol can inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration of human melanoma cells, and the mechanism may be related to inhibition of the COX-2/PGE2/MMP signaling pathway.
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Objective:To explore the early-stage language characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), global developmental delay (GDD), and developmental language disorder (DLD) at the same deve-lopmental level, thus providing references for their diagnosis.Methods:Clinical data of 719 children, involving 382 ASD patients, 198 DLD patients and 139 GDD patients presented to the Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University from January 2018 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Chi- square test was used to compare the developmental distribution of 3 groups.Variance analysis was used to analyze difference of developmental levels among 3 groups.Correlation analysis was used to analyse relationship between language and nonverbal abilities.At the same developmental, student′s t test was used to compare ASD with GDD, ASD with DLD in language ability, and difference of expression with receptive and visual related language. Results:The nonverbal developmental levels of ASD, GDD, DLD children were significantly different ( χ2=414.64, P<0.01). Language abilities were correlated with non-verbal developmental levels( r=0.60, P<0.05). The receptive and visual-related language abilities of ASD children with abnormal developmental level were more delayed compared with that of expressive language ( t=6.97, 3.58, 13.29, 6.85, 9.09, 7.27, all P<0.01). Expressive language of DLD children with normal developmental level was worse than visual-related and receptive language( t=-2.21, -3.61, all P<0.05). In GDD children with mild delayed development, receptive language was worse than expressive and visual-related language ( t=4.12, -4.24, all P<0.01), GDD children with moderate and worse development had worse visual-related and receptive language than the expression ( t=2.46, 2.68, all P<0.01). No significant differences in the expressive, receptive and visual-related language were detected in ASD and DLD children with normal development level and those with delayed development level (all P>0.05). Receptive and visual related language of ASD children with marginal delayed development level were significantly worse than those of DLD children ( t=-4.64, -4.60, all P<0.01), whereas no significant diffe-rence in the expression was detected ( P>0.05). In ASD children with mild delayed developmental level, the receptive and visual-related language were worse than those of GDD children( t=-4.11, -4.68, all P<0.01), whereas no significant difference in the expression was detected ( P>0.05). Conclusions:In early childhood, ASD children with abnormal developmental levels present severe delay in receptive and visual related language.DLD children with normal development have an obvious delay in expressive language.The language abilities of GDD children are globally delayed, especially the receptive language.In the marginal and mild delayed developmental level, ASD is featured by obvious delay of receptive and visual-related language.In normal and worse delayed development levels, the development of language in ASD, DLD and GDD children is similar.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate herpes zoster reactivation induced by arsenic in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL).@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 212 patients with APL treated in the Department of Hematology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from 2008 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed to observe the activation of varicella zoster virus induced by arsenic. Kaplan-Meier analysis, chi-square test, and boxplot were used to analyze and describe the cumulative dose of arsenic and the time from the beginning of arsenic treatment to the occurrence of herpes zoster.@*RESULTS@#Excluding early death cases and early automatic discharge cases, 17 cases developed herpes zoster reactivation in 175 patients with APL treated with arsenic, and the cumulative median dose of arsenic was 6.2(2-12) mg/kg. Precise risk of reactivation of herpes zoster with 10 months in APL patients treated by arsenic was 9.7%.@*CONCLUSION@#Arsenic treatment can induce high reactivation rate of herpes zoster virus.
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Arsenic , Herpes Zoster/epidemiology , Herpesvirus 3, Human , Humans , Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objective@#The associations of mental illnesses and hypopituitarism have been reported. But, pituitary disorders are rare. The epidemiological studies have rarely addressed these associations between pituitary disorder and mental illnesses. Until now, no cohort study has been conducted to investigate the association. @*Methods@#We performed a nationwide, retrospective cohort study using the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Program dataset to analyze this relationship. In total, 1,194 patients diagnosed with hypopituitarism between 2000 and 2013 were identified. For the control group, 4,776 individuals without hypopituitarism and psychotic diseases were matched (1:4) according to age, sex, and index date. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR). @*Results@#Patients with hypopituitarism had a significantly higher risk of incident depression and anxiety disorders than those without hypopituitarism. The aHRs of depressive and anxiety disorders were 2.98 and 1.67, respectively, for the hypopituitarism cohort. Furthermore, the risk of both hypopituitarism-associated depressive and anxiety disorders was significantly high in female subjects and subjects aged ≥18 years. A statistically significant increase was not observed in the risk of bipolar disorders, dementia, or schizophrenia in the hypopituitarism group compared with the control group. @*Conclusion@#Although psychiatric morbidities were uncommon for the hypopituitarism cohort, the risk of developing depressive and anxiety disorders was significantly higher in those with hypopituitarism than in those without hypopituitarism.
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Objective: To explore the effect of vestibular rehabilitation and to identify factors that can affect rehabilitation outcomes. Methods: From December 2018 to October 2020, patients who underwent vestibular rehabilitation in the Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University were prospectively followed up. A battery of vestibular function examinations and psychological status evaluations were applied before and after rehabilitation initiation. The main outcomes were vertigo/dizziness and unsteadiness, measured by visual analogue scale (VAS); Secondary outcomes were daily activities and participation, assessed by vestibular activities and participation measure (VAP). Paired t-test was used to compare the effects before and after rehabilitation. Binary logistic regressions were applied to analyze the influencing factors of rehabilitation outcomes. Results: A total sample of 171 patients was followed up regularly with a median time of 11 months. Of the 171 patients evaluated, 72 were males and 99 were females; age ranged from 10 to 89 years old with a median age of 55 years old. At 6-month follow-up, the difference of VAS score of vertigo/dizziness and unsteadiness pre-post rehabilitation was 1.79±1.80 and 1.56±1.76, respectively; The difference of activity and participation domain of VAP score was 2.51±13 and 1.27±3.75, respectively. All differences pre-post rehabilitation exhibited statistically significant with P values<0.01. Regression analysis demonstrated that the length of symptom onset was a significant predictor of poor balance recovery (OR=6.52; 95%CI:2.10, 20.27). Visual dependence (OR=5.44; 95%CI: 1.38, 21.47) and suspectable anxiety (OR=6.45; 95%CI: 1.49, 28.30) were identified as risk factors for poor recovery of vertigo/dizziness. Conclusions: Vestibular rehabilitation effectively reduces dizziness, promotes balance, and improves the function of daily activities. Time from the onset, visual dependence and suspectable anxiety are the main factors hindering a desirable rehabilitation outcome.
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Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Anxiety , Child , Dizziness , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Treatment Outcome , Vertigo , Vestibule, Labyrinth , Young AdultABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the imaging features of condylar cystic degeneration of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) by cone-beam CT (CBCT), spiral CT, MRI and radionuclide bone imaging. Methods: From January 2018 to December 2020, thirty-two patients with cyst-like lesions of condylein temporomandibular joint were examined by CBCT, spiral CT, MRI and radionuclide bone imaging at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in General Hospital of Chinese PLA. There were 12 males and 20 females involved, aged from 16 to 65 years with an average age of (33.9±12.5) years. The characteristics of CBCT, spiral CT, MRI and radionuclide bone imaging were analyzed. Condylar cyst like lesions were classified as type A and type B based on the presence or absence of surface bone defects. Condylar cyst like lesions were classified as type Ⅰ(yes) and type Ⅱ(no) according to the accompanying bone marrow edema-like lesions of the condyles. The incidence of condylar bone marrow edema, disc displacement and abnormal bone metabolism were analyzed. Results: A total of 64 joint images of 32 patients were included, including 34 sides with TMJ cyst-like lesion and 6 sides with multiple cyst-like lesions,the total cyst-like lesions were 42. The largest diameter of cyst-like lesion ranged from 1.0 to 12.4 mm, with an average length of (3.7±1.8) mm. There were 24 cases of type A TMJ cyst like lesion and 10 cases of type B cyst-like lesion. The detection rate of CBCT was 95.2% (40/42) and that of spiral CT was 100% (42/42), there was no significant difference (Calibration Chi-square=0.51, P=0.474). The detection rate of nuclear magnetic resonance was 80.1% (34/42), and the detection rate of cyst-like lesions less than 2 mm was 3/11. In the cyst like lesion side, there were 9 sides with anterior disc displacement with reduction, 20 sides with anterior disc displacement without reduction. In the non-cyst like lesion side, 10 sides with anterior disc displacement with reduction and 6 sides with anterior disc displacement without reduction. There was a significant difference in the displacement of the disc between cyst-like and non-cystic lesion side (χ²=7.80, P=0.005). MRI showed that 6 cases of cystic side[17.6% (6/34)] had bone marrow edema-like lesions (all type A), 1 case of non-cyst like lesions side [3.3% (1/30)]had bone marrow edema-like lesion, there was no significant difference between cystic and non-cystic lesions (Calibration Chi-square=2.04, P=0.153). There was a significant difference between type A and B cystic lesions (Fisher exact probability method, P= 0.024). Radionuclide bone imaging showed abnormal bone metabolism in 26 patients in the cyst-like lesion side and 5 patients in the non-cyst like lesion side (χ²=22.82, P<0.001). Conclusions Multi-slice Spiral CT could detect the cyst-like lesion of TMJ condyle in the early stage, which is different from the large joint. And the formation mechanism may vary from the different classifications.
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Peripheral nerve injuries are mainly related to severe trauma, fracture and tumor surgery, leading to reduced quality of life and impaired physical and mental health. The repair of peripheral nerve still faces great challenges in clinic, and the research on the regeneration and repair of peripheral nerve has become a hot issue in related disciplines. Cell therapy plays an irreplaceable role in tissue regeneration and repair. Schwann cells are ideal cells for peripheral nerve repair, but their limited sources inhibit the clinical application. Dental pulp stem cells are derived from neural crest, which provides a new cell source for nerve regeneration. The purpose of this article is to review the research progress of dental pulp stem cells for peripheral nerve repair.
Subject(s)
Cell Differentiation , Dental Pulp , Humans , Peripheral Nerve Injuries , Quality of Life , Stem CellsABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the imaging features of condylar cystic degeneration of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) by cone-beam CT (CBCT), spiral CT, MRI and radionuclide bone imaging. Methods: From January 2018 to December 2020, thirty-two patients with cyst-like lesions of condylein temporomandibular joint were examined by CBCT, spiral CT, MRI and radionuclide bone imaging at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in General Hospital of Chinese PLA. There were 12 males and 20 females involved, aged from 16 to 65 years with an average age of (33.9±12.5) years. The characteristics of CBCT, spiral CT, MRI and radionuclide bone imaging were analyzed. Condylar cyst like lesions were classified as type A and type B based on the presence or absence of surface bone defects. Condylar cyst like lesions were classified as type Ⅰ(yes) and type Ⅱ(no) according to the accompanying bone marrow edema-like lesions of the condyles. The incidence of condylar bone marrow edema, disc displacement and abnormal bone metabolism were analyzed. Results: A total of 64 joint images of 32 patients were included, including 34 sides with TMJ cyst-like lesion and 6 sides with multiple cyst-like lesions,the total cyst-like lesions were 42. The largest diameter of cyst-like lesion ranged from 1.0 to 12.4 mm, with an average length of (3.7± 1.8) mm. There were 24 cases of type A TMJ cyst like lesion and 10 cases of type B cyst-like lesion. The detection rate of CBCT was 95.2% (40/42) and that of spiral CT was 100% (42/42), there was no significant difference (Calibration Chi-square=0.51, P=0.474). The detection rate of nuclear magnetic resonance was 80.1% (34/42), and the detection rate of cyst-like lesions less than 2 mm was 3/11. In the cyst like lesion side, there were 9 sides with anterior disc displacement with reduction, 20 sides with anterior disc displacement without reduction. In the non-cyst like lesion side, 10 sides with anterior disc displacement with reduction and 6 sides with anterior disc displacement without reduction. There was a significant difference in the displacement of the disc between cyst-like and non-cystic lesion side (χ²=7.80, P=0.005). MRI showed that 6 cases of cystic side[17.6% (6/34)] had bone marrow edema-like lesions (all type A), 1 case of non-cyst like lesions side [3.3% (1/30)] had bone marrow edema-like lesion, there was no significant difference between cystic and non-cystic lesions (Calibration Chi-square=2.04, P=0.153). There was a significant difference between type A and B cystic lesions (Fisher exact probability method, P=0.024). Radionuclide bone imaging showed abnormal bone metabolism in 26 patients in the cyst-like lesion side and 5 patients in the non-cyst like lesion side (χ²=22.82, P<0.001). Conclusions Multi-slice Spiral CT could detect the cyst-like lesion of TMJ condyle in the early stage, which is different from the large joint. And the formation mechanism may vary from the different classifications.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Cysts , Female , Humans , Joint Dislocations , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Mandibular Condyle/diagnostic imaging , Middle Aged , Multimodal Imaging , Temporomandibular Joint/diagnostic imaging , Temporomandibular Joint Disc , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/diagnostic imaging , Young AdultABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the influence mechanism of intrusive thoughts and ego depletion between effects of workplace violence on burnout sense in clinical nurses. Methods: In May 2019, 10 cities in Henan Province and Fujian Province were selected as sampling cities by the method of grabbing random balls. Using the stratified cluster sampling method, nurses in clinical nursing posts in 22 third class hospitals and 23 second class hospitals were selected as the research objects for a cross-sectional epidemiological survey, including 1200 nurses. A total of 1159 valid questionnaires were collected, and the effective rate was 96.6%. 1159 clinical nurses were investigated by workplace violence scale, event impact scale, self-regulation fatigue scale and job burnout scale. The items contained in the questionnaire were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis with Harman single factor test, and the demographic characteristics of nurses' workplace violence, invasive thinking, self loss and job burnout were compared and analyzed with s-n-k. Results: Those with less than 3 years of service, those with more than 3 years of aggressive thinking and self loss score, and those with less than 3 years of job burnout score; The score of job burnout of unmarried was lower than that of married; The scores of invasive thinking and self loss of non editors were higher than those of current editors; The scores of workplace violence, aggressive thinking, self loss and job burnout of clinical nurses in tertiary hospitals were higher than those in secondary hospitals; The score of job burnout of undergraduate and above is higher than that of junior college and below; The scores of workplace violence, aggressive thinking and self loss of clinical nurses in surgical departments were higher than those in non-surgical departments; The job burnout score of those aged 36 and above was higher than that of those aged <36, The difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05) . Aggressive thinking and self attrition played a mediating role between workplace violence and job burnout. Workplace violence affected job burnout through the single mediating role of aggressive thinking, the single mediating role of self attrition, and the chain mediating role of aggressive thinking self attrition (β=0.16、0.08、0.03, 95%CI: 0.251~0.190、0.121~0.028、0.050~0.012, P<0.05) . Conclusion: Workplace violence affects burnout sense through the independent mediating role of intrusive thoughts and ego depletion and the chain mediating role of intrusive thoughts and ego depletion in clinical nurses.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Burnout, Professional , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Job Satisfaction , Nurses , Personnel Turnover , Surveys and Questionnaires , Workplace , Workplace ViolenceABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the trends of human schistosomiasis prevalence in Hubei Province from 2004 to 2018, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the schistosomiasis elimination strategy in the province. Methods All data pertaining to human schistosomiasis prevalence in Hubei Province were collected from 2004 to 2018, and the trends for changes in seroprevalence, egg-positive rate and prevalence of human Schistosoma japonicum infection were analyzed using a Joinpoint regression model. Results Both of the numbers of residents seropositive and egg-positive for S. japonicum infections appeared a tendency towards a decline in Hubei Province from 2004 to 2018, and the prevalence of human S. japonicum infections reduced from 6.85% in 2004 to 0 in 2018. Joinpoint regression analysis showed that the prevalence of human S. japonicum infections appeared an overall tendency towards a reduction in Hubei Province from 2004 to 2018 [average annual percent change (AAPC) = −24.1%, P < 0.01], and the trends for the reduction were both significant during the period from 2004 to 2006 [annual percent change (APC) = −35.1%, P < 0.01] and from 2006 to 2018 (APC = −22.1%, P < 0.01). The prevalence of human S. japonicum infections appeared a tendency towards a decline in islet (AAPC = −25.1%, P < 0.01), inner embankment (AAPC = −26.4%, P < 0.01) and hilly subtypes of schistosomiasis-endemic areas (AAPC = −32.5%, P < 0.01) of Hubei Province from 2004 to 2018, and the prevalence all appeared a tendency towards a decline during the infection control stage (from 2004 to 2008), the transmission control stage (from 2009 to 2013) and the transmission interruption stage (from 2014 to 2018) (AAPC = −28.0%, −24.4% and −63.8%, all P values < 0.01). The seroprevalence of human S. japonicum infections appeared an overall tendency towards a decline in Hubei Province from 2004 to 2018 (AAPC = −14.5%, P < 0.01), and the trends for the reduction were both significant during the period from 2004 to 2012 (APC = −8.4%, P < 0.01) and from 2012 to 2018 (APC = −22.1%, P < 0.01). In addition, the egg-positive rate of human S. japonicum infections appeared an overall tendency towards a decline in Hubei Province from 2004 to 2018 (AAPC = −30.6%, P < 0.05), and the trend for the reduction was significant during the period from 2007 to 2014 (APC = −15.5%, P < 0.01). Conclusions The prevalence of human schistosomiasis appeared a tendency towards a decline in Hubei Province from 2004 to 2018, and the islet and inner embankment subtypes of endemic areas are a high priority for schistosomiasis control during the stage moving towards elimination in Hubei Province.