Synthesis and evaluation for anti-HCoV-OC43 activity of novel aloperine derivatives with different core structures / 药学学报

In this study, we designed and synthesized 12 novel aloperine derivatives with different core structures. Among them, compound 3 with a ten-membered ring core was obtained through a special ring expansion reaction after γ-H Huffman elimination of quaternary ammonium salt, and the structure was verified by X-single crystal diffraction. Furthermore, their antiviral activity against human β-coronavirus HCoV-OC43 was evaluated by CCK-8 assay. Quaternary ammonium salt 2a and 3 had a good inhibitory effect against HCoV-OC43, and 2a had the highest anti-HCoV-OC43 activity with an EC50 values of 3.77 μmol·L-1 and a SI value of over 53.1. Schrӧdinger molecular docking results showed that both 2a and 3 might display their anti-HCoV-OC43 activity by directly acting on host TMPRSS2 and SR-B1. The results expanded the structural types of endocyclic aloperine and the function against coronavirus, and provided useful scientific data for the development of pharmaceutical applications of these compounds.

Clinical characteristics and influencing factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients with non-small cell lung cancer in Hubei province / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and influencing factors of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Hubei province, and to provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC patients with COPD. Methods A total of 246 NSCLC patients admitted to our hospital from 2018 to 2020 were selected and divided into control group (without COPD, n=125) and observation group (with COPD, n=121) according to COPD. The clinical characteristics of chest pain, hemoptysis, emasculation, atelectasis and pleural effusion were compared between the two groups. The values of FEV1/FVC, RV/TLC and DLCO in the two groups were measured by pulmonary function detector. The age, gender, smoking, smoking history, proportion of lung squamous cell carcinoma, TNM stage and other clinical data of all subjects were analyzed by self-made survey scale of our hospital. Univariate analysis and logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors of COPD in NSCLC patients. Results Among 246 NSCLC patients, 121 patients (49.19%) were complicated with COPD, including 76 males and 45 females, and there was a statistical difference between the two groups (χ2=4.891, P>0.05). The average age of the observation group (61.02±4.82) was significantly higher than that of the control group (59.76±4.73) (t=2.069, P0.05). Male (OR=2.982), smoking history (OR=2.623) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (OR=3.147) were risk factors for COPD in NSCLC patients (P<0.05). Conclusions NSCLC patients with COPD are more common in male smokers in Hubei Province, often accompanied by pleural effusion , severe hemoptysis and other symptoms , and their lung function is decreased. Early detection and standardized treatment of COPD in the treatment of NSCLC can improve the prognosis of patients.

Application of population modeling analysis to evaluate the impact of gene polymorphism on drug PK/PD / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

Polymorphism refers to the simultaneous and frequent existence of two or more discontinuous variants or genotypes or alleles in a biological population, also known as genetic polymorphisms or genes Polymorphism. This gene polymorphism may have a certain degree of influence on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drug. The study of genomics plays an important role in realizing personalized, patient-oriented precision medicine treatment. Population model analysis is to use a modeling method to quantitatively describe the correlation and variability between pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters and individual characteristics and to quantify the impact of covariates. At present, this method has been widely used. This paper systematically introduces the application examples of using the population model approach to assess the effects of genetic polymorphisms on the drug PK/PD.

Mechanism of neuroprotective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 regulating Epac1/Rap1 signaling pathway in rats with ischemic stroke / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To investigate the neuroprotective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on rats with ischemic stroke and to investigate its mechanism of action. METHODS: Eighty-four SPF-grade SD male rats at about 13 weeks of age were randomly divided into 7 groups (n=12): sham-operated group, model group, Rg1 low-dose group, Rg1 medium-dose group, Rg1 high-dose group, Epac1 agonist group, and Epac1 inhibitor group. The model group, Rg1 low, medium and high dose groups, Epac1 agonist group and Epac1 inhibitor group were all used to establish a permanent focal cerebral ischemia rat model. Rats in the Rg1 low, medium and high dose groups were treated with 60, 120 and 240 μmol/L Rg1 administered by gavage at a fixed time every morning. The rats in the Epac1 agonist and Epac1 inhibitor groups were administered intraperitoneally at a fixed time each morning with a concentration of 1.0×10

Effect of acid sphingomyelinase on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via PPARα- PGC-1α pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effects of acid sphingomyelinase(ASMase)on high-fat induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice and its regulation of PPARα- PGC-1α pathway. Methods ASMase knockout mice based on C57BL/6 background were constructed. Closed group heterozygotes were obtained through hybridized with wild-type mice(ASMase+/-),together with the littermate WT mice were prepared for NAFLD model in this study. The experiment was divided into four groups:WT+Chow:the WT mice were fed with normal diet for 12 weeks; WT+HFD:the WT mice were fed with high-fat diet for 12 weeks; ASMase+/-+Chow:the ASMase+/- mice were fed with normal diet for 12 weeks; ASMase+/- +HFD:the ASMase+/- mice were fed with high fat diet for 12 weeks. Biochemical method was used to detect serum TC,TG and liver TC,TG contents and liver function such as ALT and AST. Oil red staining,HE staining,Masson staining and Sirius red staining were performed to detect liver lipid accumulation,hepatocyte morphology and liver fibrosis. AmplexTM red sphingomyelinase kit was applied to detect ASMase activity. Western blot was performed to detect protein expressions of ASMase,PPARα,PGC-1α and CPT1. Results WT+HFD group displayed hypercholesterolemia and liver dysfunction. Levels of liver triglyceride(TG)were significantly higher than those in WT+Chow group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Meanwhile,the hepatocytes showed marked steatosis,balloon-like changes,and fibrosis. Protein expression and activity of ASMase in liver increased significantly(P<0.01 or P<0.001),whereas CPT1,PPARα and PGC-1α expressions were not statistically significant compared with matched control group. Heterozygously ASMase-deficient mice reduced the elevated liver TG induced by HFD,as well as improving balloon-like changes and liver fibrosis. Furthermore,the expressions of PPARα,PGC-1α and CPT1 were up-regulated in ASMase+/- +HFD mice compared with WT+Chow group.Conclusions ASMase promotes hepatic steatosis and fibrosis,which may be related to its inhibition of PPARα-PGC-1α pathway.

Development and characteristics of auricular fumigation moxibustion combined with heat-sensitive moxibustion device / 中国针灸

A moxibustion device with the functions of auricular fumigation moxibustion and heat-sensitive moxibustion is designed. The smoke of the ignited moxa stick is used for the fumigation moxibustion at the external auditory canal, while the heat generated works on Dazhui (GV 14) for heat-sensitive moxibustion. The device consists of five parts, i.e. combustion chamber, smoke pipe, smoke processing chamber, power module and connector. It solves the limitations such as unpleasant experience in treatment, unfavorable temperature control, easy scalding and excessive manual dependence induced by usual fumigation moxibustion and during heat-sensitive moxibustion. This moxibustion device may improve the safety and convenience when delivering the treatment with fumigation moxibustion and heat-sensitive moxibustion, as well as the work efficiency of medical staff.

Value Rational Return of Medical Humanities Education under the Concept of People First / 中国医学伦理学

The concept of people first has important inspirations for the value rational return of medical humanities education in the new era. It is consistent with the educational value, curriculum attribute, and practical attribute of medical humanistic education, and puts forward new requirements for the value rational return of medical humanities education in terms of educational supply content, practical curriculum setting, educational development form, and educational effect evaluation. Medical colleges and universities should further adhere to the medical humanities education concept centered on people’s health, optimize the practice curriculum of medical humanistic education, innovate the practice platform of medical humanistic education, and construct a value evaluation mechanism of medical humanistic education, so as to promote the value rational return of medical humanities education under the concept of people first.

Study on the distribution of ABO blood group in patients with pancreatic cancer / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To investigate whether there is a correlation between the differences in ABO blood group distribution in patients with pancreatic cancer, and to evaluate the relative risk. 【Methods】 Patients with pathological diagnosis or discharge diagnosis of pancreatic cancer who underwent ABO blood group typing in our hospital from January 2017 to October 2021 were selected, and the blood group distribution of patients and the correlation were analyzed. 【Results】 There was a statistically significant difference between the pancreatic cancer group and the control group (P<0.05). The study showed that type A may be a relative risk factor for pancreatic cancer patients (χ2=42.44, P<0.001), and type B may play a protective role (χ2=16.28, P<0.01). Significant differences were found in distribution between different gender groups (χ2=64.35, P<0.05). The test results showed that type A may be a risk factor for pancreatic cancer in men (χ2=35.2, OR=1.7, 95%CI=0.59-1.02, P<0.001), and type O may play a protective role in pancreatic cancer(χ2=18.22, OR=0.6, 95%CI=0.25-0.32, P<0.01); type A may be a relative risk factor for female pancreatic cancer patients (χ2=7.06, OR=1.4, 95%CI=0.59-1.02, P<0.001), while type B may play a protective role (χ2=20.32, OR=0.5, 95%CI=0.32-0.43, P<0.01). In pancreatic cancer group, the risk factors of blood type A were higher than those of non-A group, and the protective effect of type B was significantly higher than that of non-B group. 【Conclusion】 The distribution of blood group and relative risk factors in pancreatic cancer patients suggest that A type is predominant; in the population with A blood group, more attention should be paid to early prevention and early treatment, so as to reduce the risk of disease.

Return to sports WeChat applet for evaluating the rehabilitation effects after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To clarify the intervention guidance of return to sports WeChat applet and evaluate the rehabilitation effectiveness after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.@*METHODS@#Between September 2020 and September 2022, 80 patients who met the selection criteria and underwent ACL anatomical single bundle reconstruction were selected as the research objects. According to the double-blind random method, they were divided into the applet group and the regular group, with 40 cases in each group. Patients in the applet group were rehabilitated under the guidance of the return to sports WeChat applet, and the patients were asked to perform the test once a month after operation, including patients' subjective scores [Tegner score, knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS), International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, American Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score], psychological assessment [ACL recovery sports injury scale (ACL-RSI) score], jumping test, balance test, bending angle test. Patients in the regular group were followed up by doctors and nurses regularly by telephone every month. All the patients were reexamined at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after operation, and the range of motion of the knee joint with 6 degrees of freedom (flexion and extension angle, varus and valgus angle, internal and external rotation angle, anteroposterior displacement, superior and inferior displacement, and internal and external displacement) recorded by Opti_Knee three-dimensional knee joint motion measurement gait analysis system was observed. The anterior tibial translation difference (ATTD) was measured by Ligs knee measuring instrument when a forward thrust of 120 N was applied to the posterior part of the proximal tibia. Tegner score, IKDC score, KOOS score (including KOOS-Pain score, KOOS-Symptoms score, KOOS-Activities of daily living score, KOOS-Sport score, and KOOS-Quality of life score), HSS score, ACL-RSI score, jumping ability, balance ability, patients' satisfaction with the rehabilitation process, and ACL healing grading according to ACL continuity and signal intensity shown by MRI.@*RESULTS@#There were significant differences in various indicators between different time points after operation in the two groups ( P<0.05). At 3 months after operation, except that the ACL-RSI score of the applet group was significantly higher than that of the regular group ( P<0.05), there was no significant difference in the other indicators between the two groups ( P>0.05). At 6 months after operation, the ACL-RSI score, IKDC score, Tegner score, KOOS scores of different items, HSS score, balance and jumping ability of the applet group were significantly higher than those of the regular group ( P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the other indicators between the two groups ( P>0.05). At 9 months after operation, there was no significant difference in all indicators between the two groups ( P>0.05). At 12 months after operation, 27 cases (67.5%) in the applet group and 21 cases (52.5%) in the regular group returned to sport, with a significant difference of the return to sports incidence between the two groups [ RR(95% CI)=1.50 (1.00, 2.25), P=0.049]. In the applet group, 27 cases were very satisfied with the rehabilitation process, 10 cases were satisfied, 2 cases were basically satisfied, and 1 case was not satisfied, while 19, 13, 5, and 3 cases in the regular group, respectively. The satisfaction degree of the applet group was significantly better than that of the regular group ( P=0.049). MRI examination of the two groups showed that the ACL was continuous without secondary rupture or necrosis. The ACL healing grade of the applet group was 31 cases of grade 1 and 9 cases of grade 2, and that of the regular group was 28 cases of grade 1 and 12 cases of grade 2, there was no significant difference in ACL healing grade between the two groups ( P=0.449).@*CONCLUSION@#The application of return to sports WeChat applet in the rehabilitation of patients after ACL reconstruction can significantly reduce the fear of return to sports and improve the rate of return to sports. The return to sports WeChat applet is convenient to operate, with high utilization rate and high patient compliance, which significantly improves the satisfaction.

Effect of Suanzaoren Decoction on expression of ionotropic glutamate receptors and synaptic plasticity in hippocampus of anxiety rats / 中国中药杂志

This study investigated the effect of Suanzaoren Decoction on the expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors(NMDAR) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid receptors(AMPAR) in the hippocampus and synaptic plasticity in rats with conditioned fear-induced anxiety. The effect of Suanzaoren Decoction on rat behaviors were evaluated through open field experiment, elevated plus maze experiment, and light/dark box experiment. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to measure the levels of glutamate(Glu) and γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA) in the rat hippocampus. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR) and Western blot were employed to assess the gene and protein expression of ionotropic glutamate receptors in the hippocampal region. Transmission electron microscopy was utilized to observe the changes in the ultrastructure of synaptic neurons in the hippocampal region. Long-term potentiation(LTP) detection technique was employed to record the changes in population spike(PS) amplitude in the hippocampal region of mice in each group. The behavioral results showed that compared with the model group, the Suanzaoren Decoction group effectively increased the number of entries into open arms, time spent in open arms, percentage of time spent in open arms out of total movement time, number of entries into open arms out of total entries into both arms(P<0.01), and significantly increased the time spent in the light box and the number of shuttle crossings(P<0.01). There was an increasing trend in the number of grid crossings, entries into the center grid, and time spent in the center grid, indicating a significant anxiolytic effect. ELISA results showed that compared with the model group, the Suanzaoren Decoction group exhibited significantly reduced levels of Glu, Glu/GABA ratio(P<0.01), and significantly increased levels of GABA(P<0.01) in the rat hippocampus. Furthermore, Suanzaoren Decoction significantly decreased the gene and protein expression of NMDAR(GluN2B and GluN2A) and AMPAR(GluA1 and GluA2) compared with the model group. Transmission electron microscopy results demonstrated improvements in synapses, neuronal cells, and organelles in the hippocampal region of the Suanzaoren Decoction group compared with the model group. LTP detection results showed a significant increase in the PS amplitude changes in the hippocampal region of Suanzaoren Decoction group from 5 to 35 min compared with the model group(P<0.05, P<0.01). In conclusion, Suanzaoren Decoction exhibits significant anxiolytic effects, which may be attributed to the reduction in NMDAR and AMPAR expression levels and the improvement of synaptic plasticity.

Intervention effect and mechanism of Hippophae rhamnoides oil on glucocorticoid resistance in superantigen-induced atopic dermatitis mice / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To study the intervention effect of Hippophae rhamnoides oil on glucocorticoid resistance in superantigen-induced atopic dermatitis （AD） mice，and to explore the mechanism of action. METHODS Fifty mice were randomly divided into 5 groups，i.e. normal control group （group A），model group （group B），dexamethasone intervention group （positive control，group C），H. rhamnoides oil intervention group （group D），dexamethasone+H. rhamnoides oil intervention group （group E），with 10 mice in each group. Except for group A，other groups were given 2，4-dinitrochlorobenzene+staphylococcal enterotoxin B to induce the AD mice model. Starting from the 7th day of the experiment，groups C，D and E were given dexamethasone （1.5 mg/kg） and/or H. rhamnoides oil （10 mL/kg） intragastrically，once a day，for 28 consecutive days. After the last medication，the pathomorphological changes of ear tissue were observed by 节作用。E-mail：57667478@qq.com HE staining； the serum levels of immunoglobulin E （IgE） and interleukin 4 （IL-4） were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Positive cell count of glucocorticoid receptor α （GRα） and GRβ in the ear tissue of mice was detected by tyramide signal amplification. The expressions of GRα protein，GRβ protein，and protein kinase B （AKT）/ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1，S6K1 （S6K1） signaling pathway-related proteins were determined by Western blot assay. RESULTS Compared with group B，the skin inflammation in the left ear of the mice was significantly reduced in groups C，D and E，the serum levels of IgE and IL-4 were decreased significantly in groups D and E （P＜ 0.05），while the number of GRα positive cells and GRα protein expression were increased significantly （P＜0.05）； the protein levels of G protein inhibitory subunit 1 （Gαi1），Gαi3，phosphorylated S6K1 （p-S6K1） and phosphorylated AKT （p-AKT） were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）； the number of GRβ positive cells and protein expression of GRβ was decreased significantly in group E（P＜0.05）. Compared with group C，the skin inflammation in the left ear of the mice was almost clear away in group E，the serum levels of IgE and IL-4 were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）； the number of GRα positive cells and GRα protein expression were increased significantly in groups D and E （P＜0.05）； the protein levels of GRβ，Gαi1，p-S6K1 and p-AKT were all decreased significantly in groups D and E（P＜0.05）； and protein level of Gαi3 was decreased significantly in group E （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS H. rhamnoides oil has an intervention effect on superantigen-induced glucocorticoid resistance of AD mice，which may be exerted by inhibition of the Gαi1/3-induced AKT/S6K1 signaling pathway.

Based on the metabolic mechanism of UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS Hippocampus to delay the aging of Drosophila melanogaster / 药学学报

Based on the UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS metabonomics technology, the effect of Hippocampus kuda Bleeker on the life span of Drosophila melanogaster was studied, and the change rule of endogenous metabolites in the aging process of Drosophila melanogaster after the intervention of Hippocampus kuda Bleeker japonicus was explored to clarify the anti-aging mechanism of Hippocampus. The natural aging model of Drosophila melanogaster was used. Different doses of raw Hippocampus and fried Hippocampus were given to observe the effects on the life span, climbing ability, sexual activity, and antioxidant enzyme activity of Drosophila melanogaster. Based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS metabolomics technology, the metabolic profile of the aging Drosophila melanogaster was analyzed using metabonomics technology to explore the mechanism of Hippocampus kuda Bleeker delaying the aging of Drosophila melanogaster. The results showed that raw Hippocampus and crispy Hippocampus (1, 4 mg·mL-1) could significantly prolong the average life span, median life span and maximum life span of male fruit flies, and significantly improve the climbing ability and sexual vitality of fruit flies. Catalase (CAT) and aldehyde content were increased, while malonaldehyde (MDA) content was decreased. Through metabonomics technology, it was identified that the Hippocampus can significantly recall 16 metabolites and participate in the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan, starch and sucrose metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and histidine metabolism. The anti-aging mechanism is related to amino acid metabolism and sugar metabolism, which provides a substantial scientific basis for the development and utilization of Hippocampus and clarifying its role in senile diseases. The animal experiment of this study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanxi University (approval number: SXULL2021028).

Clinical Predominance Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine： Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Gastroesophageal reflux disease （GERD） is a frequently and commonly occurring disease in clinic. In recent decades， with the development in pathophysiology and drug researches， modern medicine has achieved remarkable progress and results in diagnosis and treatment. However， the treatments for non-erosive reflux disease， refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease， proton pump inhibitor resistance， overlap of disease symptoms， and extraesophageal symptoms are limited and ineffective. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） was widely used in clinical practice， which has been proved effective in relieving symptoms and improving the quality of life. Sponsored by China Association of Chinese Medicine （CACM） and undertaken by the Spleen and Stomach Disease Branch of CACM， "the 12th Youth Salon of Clinical Predominance Disease Series （GERD）" invited 18 authoritative digestive experts of TCM and western medicine to discuss "the difficulties of clinical diagnosis and treatment of GERD and TCM advantages". The focus issues such as modern medical diagnosis and treatment achievements and contributions， improvement and maintenance of symptoms， response to overlapping disease symptoms， reduction and withdrawal of acid suppressors， and treatment of extra-esophageal symptoms were discussed in depth. TCM and western medicine exchanged and complemented each other's strengths， combing the difficulties of modern medical diagnosis and treatment， which clarified the positioning and advantages of TCM and provided guidance for clinical and scientific research.

Positive effects of Xuebijing injection on intestinal microbiota and metabolite spectrum in septic rats / 中华危重病急救医学

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of Xuebijing injection on inflammation in sepsis by regulating intestinal microbiota and its metabolites.@*METHODS@#A total of 45 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into Sham operation group (Sham group), cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) induced sepsis group (CLP group), and Xuebijing intervention group (XBJ group, 4 mL/kg Xuebijing injection was injected intraperitoneally at 1 hour after CLP), with 15 rats in each group. The survival of rats was observed at 24 hours after operation and sacrificed. Feces were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis.@*RESULTS@#At 24 hours after operation, all rats in the Sham group survived, the mortality of rats in the XBJ group was lower than that in the CLP group [47% (7/15) vs. 60% (9/15), P > 0.05]. Compared with the Sham group, the diversity of gut microbiota in the CLP group decreased, the dominant flora changed, and the abundance of inflammation-related flora increased. Xuebijing improved the changes in gut microbiota caused by sepsis, and α diversity showed an increasing trend (Ace index: 406.0±22.5 vs. 363.2±38.2, Chao1 index: 409.7±21.8 vs. 362.4±42.5, both P > 0.05). Restrictive constrained principal coordinate analysis (cPCoA) showed a high similarity in gut microbiota among the same group of rats. The CLP group was dominated by Bacteroidetes, while the Sham and XBJ groups were dominated by Firmicutes. In addition, compared with the CLP group, Xuebijing treatment increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria in septic rats, such as Verrucomicrobia, Akkermansia and Lactobacillus. LC-MS and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) showed that there were 12 main differential metabolites among the three groups, and there were certain correlations between these metabolites, which were related to amino acid and lipid metabolism. Correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between changes in metabolites and microbial communities.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Xuebijing can improve the survival rate of septic rats, regulate the composition of intestinal flora and related metabolites, which provides a new pathophysiological mechanism for Xuebijing in the treatment of sepsis.

Research on phase modulation to enhance the feature of high-frequency steady-state asymmetric visual evoked potentials / 生物医学工程学杂志

High-frequency steady-state asymmetric visual evoked potential (SSaVEP) provides a new paradigm for designing comfortable and practical brain-computer interface (BCI) systems. However, due to the weak amplitude and strong noise of high-frequency signals, it is of great significance to study how to enhance their signal features. In this study, a 30 Hz high-frequency visual stimulus was used, and the peripheral visual field was equally divided into eight annular sectors. Eight kinds of annular sector pairs were selected based on the mapping relationship of visual space onto the primary visual cortex (V1), and three phases (in-phase[0º, 0º], anti-phase [0º, 180º], and anti-phase [180º, 0º]) were designed for each annular sector pair to explore response intensity and signal-to-noise ratio under phase modulation. A total of 8 healthy subjects were recruited in the experiment. The results showed that three annular sector pairs exhibited significant differences in SSaVEP features under phase modulation at 30 Hz high-frequency stimulation. And the spatial feature analysis showed that the two types of features of the annular sector pair in the lower visual field were significantly higher than those in the upper visual field. This study further used the filter bank and ensemble task-related component analysis to calculate the classification accuracy of annular sector pairs under three-phase modulations, and the average accuracy was up to 91.5%, which proved that the phase-modulated SSaVEP features could be used to encode high- frequency SSaVEP. In summary, the results of this study provide new ideas for enhancing the features of high-frequency SSaVEP signals and expanding the instruction set of the traditional steady state visual evoked potential paradigm.

Progress in evaluation of return to sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To summarize the evaluation methods of return to sports (RTS) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) in recent years, in order to provide reference for clinical practice.@*METHODS@#The literature related to the RTS after ACLR was searched from CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, and Foreign Medical Information Resources Retrieval Platform (FMRS) databases. The retrieval range was from 2010 to 2023, and 66 papers were finally included for review. The relevant literature was summarized and analyzed from the aspects of RTS time, objective evaluation indicators, and psychological evaluation.@*RESULTS@#RTS is the common desire of patients with ACL injury and doctors, as well as the initial intention of selecting surgery. A reasonable and perfect evaluation method of RTS can not only help patients recover to preoperative exercise level, but also protect patients from re-injury. At present, the main criterion for clinical judgement of RTS is time. It is basically agreed that RTS after 9 months can reduce the re-injury. In addition to time, it is also necessary to test the lower limb muscle strength, jumping, balance, and other aspects of the patient, comprehensively assess the degree of functional recovery and determine the different time of RTS according to the type of exercise. Psychological assessment plays an important role in RTS and has a good clinical predictive effect.@*CONCLUSION@#RTS is one of the research hotspots after ACLR. At present, there are many related evaluation methods, which need to be further optimized by more research to build a comprehensive and standardized evaluation system.

Mechanism of Xiaoer Chiqiao Qingre Granules in clearing heat and removing food stagnation in suckling rats with fever and food accumulation based on metabolomics / 中国中药杂志

Children's fever is often accompanied by food accumulation. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that removing food stagnation while clearing heat of children can effectively avoid heat damage. To systematically evaluate the efficacy of Xiaoer Chiqiao Qingre Granules(XRCQ) in clearing heat and removing food accumulation and explore its potential mechanism, this study combined suckling SD rats fed with high-sugar and high-fat diet with injection of carrageenan to induce rat model of fever and food accumulation. This study provided references for the study on the pharmacodynamics and mechanism of XRCQ. The results showed that XRCQ effectively reduced the rectal temperature of suckling rats, improved the inflammatory environment such as the content of interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-2(IL-2), interferon-γ(IFN-γ), white blood cells, and monocytes. XRCQ also effectively repaired intestinal injury and enhanced intestinal propulsion function. According to the confirmation of its efficacy of clearing heat, the thermolytic mechanism of XRCQ was further explored by non-targeted and targeted metabolomics methods based on LTQ-Orbitrap MS/MS and UPLC-QQQ-MS/MS. Non-target metabolomics analysis of brain tissue samples was performed by QI software combined with SIMCA-P software, and 22 endogenous metabolites that could be significantly regulated were screened out. MetaboAnalyst pathway enrichment results showed that the intervention mechanism was mainly focused on tyrosine metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, inositol phosphate metabolism, and other pathways. At the same time, the results of targeted metabolomics of brain tissue samples showed that XRCQ changed the vitality of digestive system, and inhibited abnormal energy metabolism and inflammatory response, playing a role in clearing heat and removing food stagnation from multiple levels.

Analysis on the status quo of spiritual nursing needs and its relationship with self-perceived burden and perceived social support among elderly patients with primary glaucoma / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To understand the current situation of spiritual nursing needs in elderly patients with primary glaucoma and its influencing factors, and to analyze its relationship with self-perceived burden and perceived social support, so as to provide a theoretical basis for reducing their spiritual distress and pain and meeting their spiritual nursing needs.Methods:A total of 218 elderly patients with primary glaucoma who were hospitalized in the department of ophthalmology of the First Hospital of Jilin University from March to September, 2022 were selected by convenience sampling. They were investigated by using general information questionnaire, the Nurse Spiritual Therapeutics Scale, the Self-Perceived Burden Scale, and the Perceived Social Support Scale. And multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of spiritual nursing needs among elderly patients with primary glaucoma.Results:The total score of spiritual nursing needs of elderly patients with primary glaucoma was (30.73 ± 4.85). The highest dimension of item average score was "building a good atmosphere" (3.02 ± 0.59), and the lowest dimension was "helping religious practice" (1.95 ± 0.63). The total scores of spiritual nursing needs and self-perceived burden were negatively correlated ( r=-0.423, P<0.01), and positively correlated with the total scores of perceived social support ( r=0.515, P<0.01). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that age, religious belief, educational level, treatment duration, residence, self-perceived burden, and perceived social support were the main influencing factors of spiritual care needs of elderly patients with primary glaucoma, ( t values were -5.23-7.04, all P<0.01), which could explain 44.5% of the total variation. Conclusions:The spiritual nursing needs of elderly patients with primary glaucoma were at a medium level. Therefore, it is recommended that nurses should carry out targeted spiritual nursing for them according to the differences and characteristics of different patients, to reduce their self-perceived burden, and to improve perceived social support level, in order to meet their spiritual nursing needs.

Effects of Qingfei Shenshi Decoction on the expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in lung tissue of bronchial asthma mice / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of Qingfei Shenshi Decoction on the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase timps-1 (TIMP-1) in lung tissue of asthma mice.Methods:Totally 50 male BALB/C mice were divided into 5 groups: normal group, model group, dexamethasone group, Qingfei Shenshi Decoction low- and high-dosage groups (10 mice /group) according to random number table method. Asthma model mice were prepared by ovalbumin (OVA) challenge method. After successful modeling, the dexamethasone group was given dexamethasone for gavage at the rate of 1.56 mg/kg, while Qingfei Shenshi Decoction groups were given high and low doses of Qingfei Shenshi Decoction for gavage at the rate of 14.235 g/kg and 28.470 g/kg, respectively. Normal group and model group were given 0.9% sodium chloride solution by gavage. At the end of gavage administration for 4 weeks, the airway reactivity (Penh value) in each group was detected; HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of lung tissue; the contents of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor -α (TNF-α) in alveolar lavage fluid were determined by enzyme Linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in lung tissue were detected by Western-blot.Results:Compared with model group, the damage of airway wall and alveolar wall of lung tissue in Qingfei Shenshi Decoction groups was significantly reduced. Compared with model group, the Penh value, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α levels in Qingfei Shenshi Decoction low- and high-dosage groups decreased ( P<0.05), and the expressions of MMP-9, MMP-2 and TIMP-1 in lung tissue decreased ( P<0.05), with a certain dose dependence. Conclusion:Qingfei Shenshi Decoction can effectively alleviate airway inflammation, reduce airway hyperresponsiveness, improve lung function and inhibit airway remodeling in asthmatic mice. Its mechanism may be related to down-regulating the expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1.

Investigation of occupational hazard emergencies in power grid enterprises in three regions from 2018 to 2020 / 中国职业医学

Objective: To analyze the occurrence and risk factors of various occupational hazard incidents in China's power grid enterprises. Methods: A total of 4 191 workers from eight power grid enterprises in Jilin Province, Shandong Province, and Chongqing City were selected using a convenience sampling method. Their exposure in workplace and the occurrence of various occupational hazard incidents from 2018 to 2020 were investigated. Results: Among the participants, 71.7% were engaged in outdoor operations. The incidence rates of occupational hazard emergency, ranking from high to low, were electric ophthalmia, acute mountain sickness, heatstroke, electro-flash dermatitis, sunburn, cold injury, solar ophthalmia, and gas poisoning in confined space, with the rate of 42.3%, 42.3%, 38.1%, 24.3%, 17.4%, 16.5%, 10.0%, and 1.3%, respectively (P<0.01). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that workers in Jilin Province had a higher risk of cold injury compared to those in Shandong Province and Chongqing City (all P<0.01). Workers in Chongqing City had a higher risk of solar ophthalmia than those in Jilin Province (P<0.01). Workers in inspection and maintenance positions had a higher risk of heatstroke and sunburn compared to those in substation positions (all P<0.05). Power grid workers with protective systems in enterprises had a lower risk of sunburn and solar ophthalmia compared to those without protective systems (all P<0.01). The risks of sunburn and solar ophthalmia among power grid workers increased with age and daily outdoor working time (all P<0.05). Taking protective measures was a protective factor against heatstroke and cold injury (all P<0.01). Conclusion: Power grid workers face the risk of various occupational hazard incidents. Relevant organizations should conduct targeted preventive measures based on regional and worker characteristics, and ensure the implementation of protective systems in different work environments.