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Objective @#To examine the association between acute exposure to traffic-related air pollutants (TRAP) NOX and NO2 and outpatient visits of pediatric respiratory diseases. @*Methods @#Data regarding outpatient visits to Department of Respiratory Diseases of Beijing Children's Hospital from 2015 to 2020 were collected, and the concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOX), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and other TRAP were collected from the surveillance sites assigned by the Peking University Health Science Center. A time-stratified case-crossover design was employed, and a conditional logistic regression model was created to examine the association between NOX and NO2 acute exposure and outpatient visits of pediatric respiratory diseases. @*Results @#The daily mean outpatient visits of pediatric respiratory diseases were 571 (interquartile range, 554) person-times among children at ages of 0 to 14 years in Beijing Children's Hospital from 2015 to 2020, and the daily mean outpatient visits for upper respiratory tract infections (URI), bronchitis, and pneumonia were 265 (interquartile range, 282), 143 (interquartile range, 178) and 128 (interquartile range, 120) person-times, respectively. The daily mean concentrations of atmospheric NOX and NO2 were 67.8 (interquartile range, 50.7) and 49.3 (interquartile range, 30.7) μg/m3, respectively. Conditional logistic regression analysis showed the largest lagged effect of NOX and NO2 on pediatric respiratory diseases at cumulative lags of 0 to 7 days. An increase in NOX concentrations by an interquartile range resulted in the excess risks of URI, bronchitis and pneumonia by 6.87% (95%CI: 6.37%-7.38%), 7.25% (95%CI: 6.51%-7.99%), and 5.51% (95%CI: 4.69%-6.33%), and an increase in NO2 concentrations by an interquartile range resulted in excess risks of URI, bronchitis and pneumonia by 5.71% (95%CI: 5.12%-6.31%), 5.32% (95%CI: 4.51%-6.14%), and 4.83% (95%CI: 3.91%-5.75%), respectively. NOX and NO2 presented a more remarkable effect on outpatient visits of pediatric respiratory diseases among children at ages of over 5 years. @*Conclusion @#NOx and NO2 acute exposure may increase the outpatient visits of pediatric respiratory diseases.
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Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE) is a parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus multilocularis infection and has wide distribution and great harm in China. At present, ultrasound, CT, and MRI are the main radiological examination methods for HAE, with certain limitations in preoperative diagnosis and evaluation. This article introduces the guiding effect of three-dimensional visualization technique and its derivative technologies in the accurate diagnosis and preoperative evaluation of HAE, so as to provide help for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of HAE in the future.
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Hepatic cystic echinococcosis is a chronic parasitic disease caused by the infection with the larvae of Echinococcus granulosus in human or animal liver tissues. As a chronic active infectious disease, tuberculous empyema mainly invades the pleural space and then causes visceral and parietal pleura thickening. It is rare to present comorbidity for hepatic cystic echinococcosis and tuberculous empyema. This case report presents a case of hepatic cystic echinococcosis complicated with tuberculous empyema misdiagnosed as hepatic and pulmonary cystic echinococcosis, aiming to improve clinicians’ ability to distinguish this disorder.
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ObjectiveTo explore the accuracy of clinical common serum fibrosis indexes hyaluronic acid （HA）， type Ⅳ collagen （CⅣ）， laminin （LN）， and type Ⅲ procollagen peptide （PⅢNP）， in combination with liver stiffness measurement （LSM， measured by transient elastography） and non-invasive markers of fibrosis aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index （APRI） and fibrosis-4 （FIB-4） in the prediction of the hepatic fibrosis of Wilson's disease （WD） and to observe the clinical effect of Gandouling （GDL）. MethodThe data of 76 WD patients were collected and the LSM， serum fibrosis indexes （HA， PⅢNP， CⅣ， LN）， APRI， and FIB-4 before treatment were recorded. The correlation of LSM with serum fibrosis indexes， APRI， and FIB-4 was discussed via Pearson′s correlation analysis. According to the therapeutic schemes， patients were classified into the control group （36 cases） and treatment group （40 cases）. Patients in control group were treated with sodium dimercaptopropylsulfonate （DMPS）， while those in the treatment group received GDL in addition to the western medicine therapy. The treatment lasted 6 courses （8 days/course） and the influence of GDL on the indictors was evaluated. ResultHA， CⅣ， LN， PⅢNP， APRI， and FIB-4 were in positive correlation with LSM （r=0.517， 0.438， 0.281， 0.457， 0.778， 0.847， P<0.01）. HA， CⅣ， LN， and PⅢNP in the treatment group were lower after treatment than before treatment （P<0.05， P<0.01）. HA， CⅣ， and LN in the control group were lower after treatment than before treatment （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and PⅢNP showed no significant difference. LSM， FIB-4， and APRI in both groups decreased after treatment （P<0.05）. After treatment， LSM， FIB-4， APRI， HA， and PⅢNP in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group （P<0.05， P<0.01）， but CⅣ and LN demonstrated no significant difference from the control group. ConclusionLSM in combination with serum fibrosis indexes （HA， PⅢNP， CⅣ， LN）， FIB-4， and APRI can help accurately identify the level of the hepatic fibrosis in WD. Moreover， on the basis of decoppering by western medicine， GDL can significantly improve the liver function and hepatic fibrosis of WD patients.
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ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Gelsemium elegans combined with Mussaenda pubescens on efflux transporter breast cancer resistance protein （BCRP） and cytochrome P450 3A11 （CYP3A11） and their attenuation mechanism， and to investigate whether the nuclear receptors were involved in such regulation by intervening it with nuclear receptor activators. MethodC57BL/6 mice were divided into the blank group， G. elegans （GE， 0.25 g·kg-1）group， GE + M. pubescens （MP） （0.25 g·kg-1+10 g·kg-1） group， GE + pregnane X receptor （PXR） activator （rifampicin）（GE + Rif，0.25 g·kg-1+50 mg·kg-1） group， GE + MP + Rif （0.25 g·kg-1+10 g·kg-1+50 mg·kg-1） group， GE + constitutive androstane receptor （CAR） activator （1，4-Bis ［2-（3，5-Dichloropyridyloxy）］ benzene， TCPOBOP）（GE + TCP， 0.25 g·kg-1+0.5 mg·kg-1） group， and GE + MP + TCP （0.25 g·kg-1+10 g·kg-1+0.5 mg·kg-1） group. The medication lasted for 14 successive days. One hour after the last administration， the mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and the liver tissue was harvested. The left liver tissue was stained with hematoxylin- eosin （HE） for observing the pathological changes. The right liver tissue was used for BCRP and CYP3A11 mRNA and protein expression detection by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot. ResultThe survival rates of mice in the GE + Rif group， GE group， and GE + MP group were 25% （the lowest）， 40%， and 80%， respectively， and no death was observed in the other groups. Compared with the obvious lesions in the liver cells of the GE group， the pathological changes in liver cells of the GE + MP group were alleviated， while those in the GE + Rif group were worsened. Compared with the GE + Rif group， the GE + MP + Rif group exhibited relieved pathological changes in liver cells. Both the GE + TCP group and the GE + MP + TCP group showed mild liver lesions. The comparison with the GE + MP group revealed that the pathological changes in the GE + MP + TCP group were slightly relieved. Compared with the blank group， the expression of BCRP protein and mRNA in GE group were significantly decreased （P<0.05，P<0.01）.The expression of CYP3A11 protein in GE group were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the GE group， the GE + MP group displayed remarkably up-regulated BCRP protein and mRNA expression （P<0.05，P<0.01） and CYP3A11 protein expression （P<0.05）， but slightly up-regulated CYP3A11 mRNA expression. Compared with the GE group， the GE + Rif group exhibited down-regulated BCRP protein expression （P < 0.05）. The protein and mRNA expression levels of BCRP were lower in the GE + MP + Rif group than in the GE + MP group （P<0.05，P<0.01）. The PXR activator rifampicin regulated BCRP before and after the combination of G. elegans with M. pubescens. The CYP3A11 protein and mRNA expression levels in the GE + TCP group were higher than those in the GE group （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Compared with the GE + MP group， the GE + MP + TCP group showed up-regulated CYP3A11 protein and mRNA expression （P<0.05，P<0.01）. CAR activator TCPOBOP also had a regulatory effect on CYP3A11 before and after the compatibility of G. elegans with M. pubescens. ConclusionThe attenuated toxin after the combination of G. elegans with M. pubescens is closely related to the efflux transporter BCRP and the drug-metabolizing enzyme CYP3A11.
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Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of a new type of plastic biliary stent modified based on the pigtail nasobiliary duct and the common plastic biliary stent for hilar cholangiocarcinoma.Methods:Data of a total of 38 patients with obstructive jaundice caused by hilar cholangiocarcinoma who received endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) palliative treatment at the Endoscopy Center, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command from June 2018 to December 2020 were collected, including 20 cases using the new type of plastic biliary stent (the new stent group), and 18 cases using the common plastic stent (the common stent group). Patients were followed up to May 30, 2021. The procedure time, hospital stay, postoperative biliary infection incidence, the bilirubin decrease, and the patency time of the stents in the two groups were compared.Results:The procedure time was 19.85±1.07 minutes in the new stent group and 22.00±3.38 minutes in the common stent group, respectively, showing no significant difference between them ( t=1.26, P=0.607). The lengths of hospital stay of the two groups were 11.45±2.39 days and 11.33±3.51 days, respectively, showing no significant difference between them ( t=-0.52, P=0.938). The median margins of total bilirubin reduction in the two groups were 122.85 μmol/L and 96.25 μmol/L, respectively, with significant difference ( Z=-2.03, P=0.042). The incidence of long-term cholangitis of the new stent group was significantly lower than that of the common stent group [10.0% (2/20) VS 44.4% (8/18), P=0.027]. The patency time of the new stent group was significantly longer than that of the common stent group (109.45±32.67 days VS 82.11±20.95 days) with significant difference ( t=2.23, P=0.032). Conclusion:In the palliative treatment of hilar bile duct obstruction, the new plastic bile duct stent modified based on pigtail type can reduce the incidence of long-term cholangitis and prolong the patency of bile duct stent compared with the common stent group.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) on moderate and severe medial compartmental knee osteoarthritis.Methods:This study retrospectively reviewed patients treated with medial open wedge HTO between January 2017 and January 2019. All cases were followed up for more than 2 years. There were 28 patients with severe osteoarthritis, including 11 males and 17 females, aged 56.36±5.06 years. There were 32 patients with moderate osteoarthritis, including 12 males and 20 females, aged 54.16±6.3 years. Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grading, hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA), weight bearing line (WBL) ratio, joint line convergence angle (JLCA), medial joint space (MJS), posterior tibial slope (PTS), medial meniscus extrusion (MME) and medial meniscus extrusion ratio (MMER) were evaluated on radiographs before and 2 years after surgery. The International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) of the cartilage of medial femoral condyle (MFC) and medial tibial condyle (MTC) were evaluated under arthroscopy. The clinical outcomes were assessed by the Western Ontario and McMaster University (WOMAC) score, visual analogue scale (VAS) and the degree of medial collateral ligament (MCL) pseudo-relaxation. Predictors of MCL pseudo-relaxation were screened by binary logistic regression analysis.Results:K-L grading, HKA, WBL ratio and MJS improved in both groups after surgery, with no statistical significance between groups ( P>0.05). The postoperative JLCA was improved, whereas MME and MMER were not. And the severe group was higher than the moderate group before and after surgery ( P<0.05). Cartilage of MFC: in the severe group, 2 cases of ICRS 3 grade, 26 of 4 grade improved to 11 of 2 grade, 12 of 3 grade, 5 of 4 grade; in the moderate group, 12 cases of ICRS 2 grade, 18 of 3 grade, 2 of 4 grade improved to 30 of 2 grade, 2 of 3 grade. Cartilage of MTC: in the severe group, 2 cases of ICRS 3 grade, 26 of 4 grade improved to 17 of 2 grade, 8 of 3 grade, 3 of 4 grade; in the moderate group, 11 of 2 grade, 8 of 3 grade, 3 of 4 grade improved to 27 of 2 grade, 5 of 3 grade. The postoperative WOMAC score of the severe group improved from 50.71±8.07 to 3.86±1.84, while in the moderate group it improved from 44.09±6.63 to 3.34±2.24. The postoperative VAS score of the severe group decreased from 7.14±1.21 to 3.34±2.24, whereas it decreased from 6.38±1.24 to 0.44±0.62 in the moderate group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the postoperative groups ( P>0.05). In the severe group, the degree of pseudo-relaxation of the MCL improved from preoperative 25 of I degree, 3 of II degree to postoperative 28 of 0 degree at the 0° position, and from 25 of I degree, 3 of II degree to 24 of 0 degree, 4 of I degree at 30° position ( P<0.05). In the moderate group, the degree of pseudo-relaxation of the MCL improved from preoperative 31 of 0 degree, 1 of I degree to postoperative 32 of 0 degree at the 0° position, and from 28 of 0 degree, 4 of I degree to 32 of 0 degree at the 30° position ( P<0.05). JLCA ( OR=0.08, 95% CI: 0.007, 0.948, P=0.045), MME ( OR=0.11, 95% CI: 0.100, 1.32, P=0.082) and MMER ( OR=0.66, 95% CI: 0.422, 1.030, P=0.067) were independent predictors of MCL pseudo-relaxation (the difference was statistically significant at P<0.10). Conclusion:Medial open wedge HTO has significant short-term clinical effect on the treatment of moderate and severe medial compartmental knee osteoarthritis, which can effectively relieve pain symptoms, improve joint function, and restore medial knee stability. Preoperative large JLCA, MME and MMER indicate pseudo-relaxation of the MCL.
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Objective:To explore the regulation of miR-454-3p on the activity of lung cancer cells and the expression of CBX7 protein.Methods:Normal lung epithelial cells 293T cells and human lung cancer cell line A549 cells were cultured in vitro. Lung cancer cells (A549 cells) were divided into three groups: blank group, miR-NC group and miR-454-3p group. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method was used to detect the proliferation of the three groups; Transwell was used to detect the invasion number of the three groups; flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate; Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of CBX7 in lung cancer cells. Results:Compared with normal lung epithelial 293T cells, the expression of miR-454-3p mRNA in lung cancer A549 cells was significantly reduced, with significant difference ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression of CBX7 protein between the blank group and the miR-NC group ( P>0.05); The protein expression of CBX7 in miR-454-3p group was significantly higher than that in blank group and miR-NC group (all P<0.05). The results of CCK-8 showed that the A value of miR-454-3p group was significantly lower than that of blank group and miR-NC group (all P<0.05); there was no significant difference in the A value of lung cancer cells between blank group and miR-NC group ( P>0.05). The results of Transwell chamber experiment showed that the number of invasion cells in miR-454-3p group was significantly reduced compared with blank group and miR-NC group, and the invasive ability of lung cancer cells decreased significantly (all P<0.05); there was no significant change in the invasive ability of lung cancer cells between the blank group and miR-NC group ( P>0.05). The results of flow cytometry showed that there was no significant difference in the apoptosis rate between the blank group and miR-NC group ( P>0.05); compared with the blank group and miR-NC group, the apoptosis rate of lung cancer cells in miR-454-3p group increased significantly (all P<0.05). Conclusions:miR-454-3p is under-expressed in lung cancer cells. Overexpression of miR-454-3p can effectively regulate the biological activity of lung cancer cells, inhibit the proliferation and invasion of lung cancer cells, and promote cell apoptosis. Its mechanism may be related to the promotion of CBX7 protein expression by miR-454-3p.
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To analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of mediastinal germ cell tumors (GCTs) with concurrent hematologic malignancy (HM). The clinical features, treatment and prognosis of 3 cases of HM associated with mediastinal GCTs treated in the Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Children′s Hospital from November 2014 to September 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.Meanwhile, relevant cases were searched in the PubMed and Wanfang database from their establishment to December 2019.Three male cases of HM associated with mediastinal GCTs aged from 12 to 16 years.The pathogenesis of mediastinal masses suggested teratoma or yolk sac tumor.All of them were treated with surgery and chemotherapy.Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) was diagnosed respectively at 5 months, 9 months and 31 months after initial GCTs in the 3 cases.Two patients died and 1 child survived at the last follow-up.A total of 135 cases of concurrent GCTs and HM (or leukemia) were reviewed in online databases, involving 127 cases (94.1%) with the mediastinal GCTs associated with HM and 8 cases(5.9%) with GCTs related HM from another original sites.One hundred and twenty-six cases (99.2%) were male and the median age of GCTs diagnosis was 22 (10-48) years.Fifty-three cases (41.7%) were teratoma and 94 cases (74.0%) were GCTs containing teratoma with or without yolk sac tumor.Among the types of HM, 72 cases (56.7%) were AML and 31 cases (24.4%) were AML-M7.The median interval between GCTs and HM was 3 (0-122) months.Forty-six cases (36.2%) presented 2 malignancies simultaneously.HM were diagnosed within 12 months of GCTs in 85 cases (66.9%). The survival data were known in 107 cases, involving 94 (87.9%) deaths and 13 (12.1%) survivors.The median survival time after diagnosis of HM was 2 (0-48) months.The tendency of HM must be highly concerned in adolescent male patients with primary mediastinal GCTs, especially those with yolk sac tumor or teratoma.Their prognoses are very poor.Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an alternative treatment.
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Currently, there is still no effective curative treatment for the development of late-stage liver fibrosis. Here, we have illustrated that TB001, a dual glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor/glucagon receptor (GLP-1R/GCGR) agonist with higher affinity towards GCGR, could retard the progression of liver fibrosis in various rodent models, with remarkable potency, selectivity, extended half-life and low toxicity. Four types of liver fibrosis animal models which were induced by CCl4, α-naphthyl-isothiocyanate (ANIT), bile duct ligation (BDL) and Schistosoma japonicum were used in our study. We found that TB001 treatment dose-dependently significantly attenuated liver injury and collagen accumulation in these animal models. In addition to decreased levels of extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation during hepatic injury, activation of hepatic stellate cells was also inhibited via suppression of TGF-β expression as well as downstream Smad signaling pathways particularly in CCl4-and S. japonicum-induced liver fibrosis. Moreover, TB001 attenuated liver fibrosis through blocking downstream activation of pro-inflammatory nuclear factor kappa B/NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha (NFκB/IKBα) pathways as well as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-dependent induction of hepatocyte apoptosis. Furthermore, GLP-1R and/or GCGR knock-down results represented GCGR played an important role in ameliorating CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis. Therefore, TB001 can be used as a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of multiple causes of hepatic fibrosis demonstrated by our extensive pre-clinical evaluation of TB001.
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The clinical experience in treatment of somatalgia with "point-zone-strip stimulation technique" of acupuncture of professor ZHANG Wei-hua was summarized. Professor ZHANG integrates the theories of the cutaneous region of meridian, biaoben, "taking tender point as acupoint" and local holography as a whole in treatment of somatalgia. The "point-stimulation technique" of acupuncture (subcutaneous needling technique) is adopted for the painful site less than 3 cm in diameter, the "zone-stimulation technique" (surrounding needling technique) is for the site larger than 3 cm in diameter and the "strip-stimulation technique" (cubit-tibia needling technique) is for various acute and chronic somatalgia. These three needling techniques are applicable singly or in combination in clinical practice.
Subject(s)
Acupuncture , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy/methods , Meridians , SkinABSTRACT
Objective@#To explore relationship between screen time and myopia in children aged 11-14 years in China.@*Methods@#The data were extracted from "National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey and Application for 0-18 Years Old Children". A total of 12 397 children aged 11-14 years old from 14 provinces and 28 districts/counties in seven regions of China were surveyed by using multi stage stratified random sampling method. Daily screen time and visual acuity information were collected through a questionnaire.@*Results@#The myopia rate of 11-14 years old children in China was 45.0%, among which the rate of girls was higher than that of boys, and the rate of urban was higher than that of rural, and it increased with age ( χ 2=178.82,79.25, 495.96 , P <0.01). The daily screen time median of 12 397 children was 40.0 minutes, with boys(40.0 min) longer than girls( 35.0 min ) and urban children(40 min) longer than rural children(33.0 min) ( χ 2=20.86，102.68， P <0.01). The myopia rate of boys ( 42.5 %) with daily screen time greater than or equal to 60 minutes was higher than that of boys (36.4%) with daily screen time less than 60 minutes, and the myopia rate of girls (55.6%) with daily screen time greater than or equal to 60 minutes was higher than that of girls (48.0%)( χ 2=23.62，34.15， P <0.01). After adjusting for age, gender, region, time of medium and high intensity physical activity, intake of sugary food and sugary beverages, daily sleep time, multivariable Logistic regression model showed that girls with daily screen time greater than or equal to 60 minutes ( OR=1.14, 95%CI =1.03-1.27) had a higher risk of myopia than those with less than 60 minutes. After adjusting for confounding factors, there was no correlation between daily screen time and the degree of myopia in boys or girls( P >0.05).@*Conclusion@#Daily screen time greater than or equal to 60 minutes may be a risk factor for myopia in girls aged 11 to 14 years old. Given the complexity of the factors that affect vision, researches are needed to examine the relationship between screen time and myopia.
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OBJECTIVE To sy stematically evaluate the relations hip between immune-related adverse events （irAEs） and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors （ICIs） in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC），and to provide evidence-based reference for clinical application of ICIs and safety evaluation. METHODS PubMed，Embase，Cochrane Library ， Web of Science ，CNKI，Wanfang database ，VIP and CBM were searched to collect prospective or retrospective cohort studies on the correlation between irAEs and efficacy of ICIs in the treatment of NSCLC. The retrieval time was from the inception to June 30th，2021. After literature screening and data extraction ，Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to evaluate the quality of included literatures. Meta-analysis and publication bias analysis were performed by using RevMan 5.3 software；Stata 15.0 software was used for sensitivity analysis. RESULTS A total of 7 957 patients were included in 31 studies. Meta-analysis showed that the objective response rate （ORR）[RR＝2.34，95％CI（1.98，2.76），P＜0.000 01]，progression-free survival （PFS）[HR＝0.49，95％CI （0.44，0.55），P＜0.000 01] and overall survival （OS）[HR＝0.45，95％CI（0.39，0.53），P＜0.000 01] of irAEs group as well as ORR[RR＝1.88，95％CI（1.57，2.25），P＜0.000 01]，PFS [HR ＝0.59，95％CI（0.50，0.69），P＜0.000 01] and OS [HR ＝0.58，95％CI （0.48，0.70），P＜0.000 01] of this group at 6th week were all significantly higher or longer than non irAEs group. According to organ specificity ，severity and quantity of irAEs，subgroup analysis showed that skin ，gastrointestinal and endocrine system ，mild irAEs（grade 1-2）and one or more than 2 kinds of irAEs were significantly correlated with the improvement of PFS and OS （P＜ 0.05），while liver and lung ，severe irAEs（≥ grade 3）were not significantly correlated with the improvement of PFS and com OS （P＞0.05）. Sensitivity analysis results showed that the results of the above-mentione d meta-analysis were relatively robust. The results of publication bias showed that there was may be some possibility of publication bias in this study. CONCLUSIONS For NSCLC patients treated with ICIS ，the occurrence of irAEs may be related to their good prognosis. The irAEs may be a predictor of the efficacy of ICIs.
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Tianwang buxin dan （TWBXD），as a classic prescription for treating insomnia ，in forms of tablet ，drop pill ，patch and others ，has been widely used in clinical practice . Its compound prescription and single ingredient can play a calming and tranquilizing role by regulating neurotransmitters ，inhibiting oxidative stress reaction and the expression of inflammatory factors . Based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine and combined with modern pharmacological research ，this paper reviews single ingredient and active components of TWBXD ，calming and tranquilizing role of related couplet medicinals . The results showed that the single ingredients such as Rehmannia glutinosa ，the seeds of Zizyphus jujube ，the seeds of Platycladus orientalis ，Angelica sinensis，Schisandra chinensis ，Poria cocos and their effective components as well as related couplet medicinals of Z. jujube could improve the insomnia symptoms in different degrees . Except that the mechanism of the seeds of P. orientalis has not been studied ， other ingredients mainly act on nervous -endocrine-immune system . They can play the sedative and hypnotic effects by regulating neurotransmitters，inflammatory factors and oxidation .
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OBJECTIVE@#To construct an adenovirus vector expressing artificial splicing factor capable of regulating alternative splicing of Yap1 in cardiomyocytes.@*METHODS@#The splicing factors with different sequences were constructed against Exon6 of YAP1 based on the sequence specificity of Pumilio1. The PCR fragment of the artificially synthesized PUF-SR or wild-type PUFSR was cloned into pAd-Track plasmid, and the recombinant plasmids were transformed into E. coli DH5α for plasmid amplification. The amplified plasmids were digested with Pac I and transfected into 293A cells for packaging to obtain the adenovirus vectors. Cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were transfected with the adenoviral vectors, and alternative splicing of YAP1 was detected using quantitative and semi-quantitative PCR; Western blotting was performed to detect the signal of the fusion protein Flag.@*RESULTS@#The transfection efficiency of the adenovirus vectors was close to 100% in rat cardiomyocytes, and no fluorescent protein was detected in the cells with plasmid transfection. The results of Western blotting showed that both the negative control and Flag-SR-NLS-PUF targeting the YAPExon6XULIE sequence were capable of detecting the expression of the protein fused to Flag. The results of reverse transcription-PCR and PCR demonstrated that the artificial splicing factor constructed based on the 4th target sequence of YAP1 effectively regulated the splicing of YAP1 Exon6 in the cardiomyocytes (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#We successfully constructed adenovirus vectors capable of regulating YAP1 alternative splicing rat cardiomyocytes.
Subject(s)
Adenoviridae/metabolism , Alternative Splicing , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Escherichia coli/metabolism , Genetic Vectors , Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism , Plasmids , RNA Splicing Factors/metabolism , Rats , TransfectionABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the expression of polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1) in gastric cancer (GC) tissues and GC cell lines, and the role of PTBP1 in the proliferation and metastasis of GC cells.Methods:From January to June in 2019 at The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University, the cancer tissues and corresponding para-cancer tissues of GC patients underwent surgical resection were collected. The Kaplan-Meier Plotter database was used to analyze the survival of GC patients. The expression of PTBP1 was down-regulated by transfecting small interfering RNA (siRNA) in human GC cell lines SGC7901 and AGS with relatively high expression of PTBP1. The cells were divided into blank control group, negative control group, and PTBP1 knockdown group. The expression of PTBP1 at mRNA and protein level were detected by real-time fluorescence quantification polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting. At 24, 48, 72 and 96-hour after transfection, the effect of PTBP1 on the proliferation of GC cells was observed by 3-(4, 5 dimethylthiazol)-2, 5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) experiment. The changes of invasion and migration of GC cells after down-regulation of PTBP1 were detected by transwell assay. The expression changes of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin after down-regulation of PTBP1 in GC cells were determined by Western blotting. Indenpendent samples t test, analysis of variance and rank sum test were used for statistical analysis. Results:The Kaplan-Meier Plotter prognostic analysis showed that the overall survival of GC patients with high PTBP1 expression was shorter than that of GC patients with low PTBP1 expression (9.2 months, 6.2 months to 17.2 months vs. 19.0 months, 14.5 months to 28.4 months), and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=5.31, P<0.05). The results of RT-qPCR showed that in GC cell lines SGC7901 and AGS, the expression of PTBP1 at mRNA level of PTBP1 knockdown group was lower than that of blank control group and negative control group (SGC7901: 0.78±0.11 vs.3.10±0.19 and 2.99±0.23; AGS: 0.80±0.09 vs. 3.55±0.24 and 3.50±0.18), and the differences were statistically significant ( tSGC7901=10.57 and 8.08, tAGS=10.91 and 13.42; all P<0.01). The results of Western blotting indicated that in GC cell lines SGC7901 and AGS, the expression of PTBP1 at protein level of PTBP1 knockdown group was lower than those of blank control group and negative control group (SGC7901: 0.38±0.04 vs. 1.42±0.05 and 1.35±0.09; AGS: 0.17±0.02 vs. 1.52±0.08 and 1.38±0.45), and the differences were statistically significant ( tSGC7901=15.94 and 10.57, tAGS=16.60 and 20.80; all P<0.01). The results of MTT showed that at 48, 72 and 96-hour after transfection the absorbance values of PTBP1 knockdown group decreased by 0.25±0.01, 0.38±0.02, and 0.84±0.04 as compared with those of negative control group, and the decrease was the most significant at 96-hour after transfection, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=10.21、14.32, both P<0.01). The results of transwell experiment demonstrated that the number of invasion and migration cells of PTBP1 knockdown group were both less than that of the blank control group and the negative control group (SGC7901: 42.00±5.91 vs. 116.40±10.23 and 114.40±10.43; 39.60±6.77 vs. 125.80±11.51 and 122.40±5.90; AGS: 40.20±7.25 vs. 115.60±14.63 and 117.40±9.12; 36.00±5.20 vs. 122.40±12.10 and 125.40±12.74), and the differences were statistically significant ( tSGC7901=14.07, 13.50, 14.43 and 20.62; tAGS=10.27, 14.75, 14.68 and 16.76; all P<0.01). The results of Western blotting showed that the expression of E-cadherin of PTBP1 knockdown group was higher than that of the blank control group and the negative control group (SGC7901: 1.42±0.05 vs. 0.53±0.05 and 0.57±0.03; AGS: 1.34±0.04 vs. 0.54±0.03 and 0.61±0.01), however the expression levels of N-cadherin and vimentin were both lower than those of the blank control group and the negative control group (SGC7901: 0.50±0.03 vs. 1.64±0.05 and 1.46±0.07; 0.32±0.07 vs. 1.42±0.07 and 1.33±0.07; AGS: 0.37±0.06 vs. 1.47±0.04 and 1.36±0.04; 0.41±0.04 vs. 1.53±0.06 and 1.37±0.04), and the differences were statistically significant ( tSGC7901=11.63, 13.19, 18.83, 11.68, 11.43 and 10.43; tAGS= 15.02, 16.23, 14.67, 12.97, 14.45 and 17.18; all P<0.01). Conclusions:The expression levels of PTBP1 increase in GC tissues and cells, which may be involved in regulating the proliferation, metastasis and EMT of GC cells.
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Objective:To analyze the correlation between serum ferritin (SF), perilipin, leptin and the outcome of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods:From October 2017 to December 2019, 126 patients with GDM who underwent maternity checkups in Baoding Fourth Central Hospital and gave birth were selected as the GDM group, and 82 normal pregnant women during the same period were selected as the control group for retrospective analysis. The levels of serum SF, perilipin, and leptin in the GDM group and the control group were measured and compared, and the expressions of serum indexes of patients with different blood glucose control and different pregnancy outcomes in the GDM group were measured. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between the expression of serum indexes in GDM patients and fasting blood glucose (FPG), 2 h postprandial blood glucose (2 h PG), and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR). Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between the expression of serum indicators and adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM patients. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to observe the value of single serum indexes and to predict the pregnancy outcome of GDM patients.Results:The levels of SF, perilipin and leptin in GDM group were higher than those in control group: (152.48 ± 37.64) μg/L vs. (109.27 ± 32.16) μg/L, (857.06 ± 192.35) ng/L vs. (262.83 ± 104.7) ng/L, (23.54 ± 2.28) μg/L vs.(14.62 ± 1.83) μg/L, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The levels of SF, perilipin and leptin in patients with good blood glucose control in GDM group were lower than those in patients with poor blood glucose control: (132.10 ± 36.52) μg/L vs. (176.37 ± 40.06) μg/L, (176.37 ± 40.06) ng/L vs. (946.42 ± 205.37) ng/L, (21.49 ± 2.16) μg/L vs. (25.94 ± 2.40) μg/L, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The levels of serum SF, perilipin and leptin in GDM patients were positively correlated with FPG, 2 h PG and HOMA-IR levels ( P<0.05). The levels of serum SF, perilipin and leptin in GDM patients with adverse pregnancy outcomes were higher than those in patients without occurrence: (182.86 ± 42.29) μg/L vs. (138.86 ± 35.47) μg/L, (1 013.35 ± 216.07) ng/L vs. (787.00 ± 183.49) ng/L, (27.04 ± 2.5) μg/L vs. (21.97 ± 2.07) μg/L, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that serum SF, perilipin and leptin were closely related to the adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM patients ( P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the sensitivity and the specificity of SF, perilipin, leptin combined detection to predict GDM patients with adverse pregnancy outcomes was 76.92% and 83.91%. Conclusions:The serum SF, perilipin and leptin are abnormally high expression in GDM patients, and it is positively correlated with blood glucose level and HOMA-IR. Joint detection can improve the predictive value of adverse pregnancy outcomes and provide a basis for early intervention.
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Background Printing and copying equipment is likely to release a large amount of particulate matter, thereby endangering human health. However, there is insufficient research on the level of particulate matter released by printers in offices and its influencing factors. Objective This study is designed to investigate the usage of printing equipment in college teachers' offices and the level of indoor particulate matter during printing, and to explore the influence of printer location and indoor ventilation on the particulate matter pollution level released during printer operation. Methods From 9:00 to 16:00 on January 4 to 6, 2021, 20 faculty offices in a university in Beijing were selected by convenient sampling to measure the indoor particulate matter level during printing, and to investigate the printing equipment usage of 31 users in the offices. Besides, experiments were designed to explore the influence of position and distance from a printer, ventilation, and the distance between a printer and a nearby window during ventilation on the number concentration of particulate matter released by the printers. Results Except one printer being placed on the ground, the other 30 printers were placed on office desks (0.71±0.16) m above the ground. Among them, 65% of the printers (n=20) were less than 1 m away from the users horizontally, and 74% of the users (n=23) accessed the printers 1-5 times a week, printing (7.03±4.07) pages per time. The peak mass concentrations in users' offices during printing of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 were (21.96±12.96), (7.92±5.54), and (5.77±5.00) μg·m−3, respectively, and the peak number concentration of PM0.25−0.28 was (40941±36926) P·L−1. The experiments showed that when the particle sizer was located in the front, side, and back of the printers, the peak values of PM0.25−0.28 number concentration during printing were (24257±551), (12588±1354), and (11192±249) P·L−1, respectively, and the difference among them was statistically significant (F=214.9, P<0.01); when the particle sizer was placed 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 m away from the printers, the peak values of PM0.25−0.28 number concentration during printing were (24257±551), (19847±1426), and (16480±878) P·L−1, respectively, and the difference among them was statistically significant (F=44.66, P<0.01); when the experiment room was ventilated or not, the peak values of PM0.25−0.28 number concentration during printing were (18595±488) and (24257±551) P·L−1, respectively, and the difference between them was statistically significant (F=192.6, P<0.01); when the distance between the printer and the window was 1, 2, 3 m, the peak values of PM0.25-0.28 number concentration during printing were (16780±823), (18347±348), and (18595±488) P·L−1, respectively, and the difference among them was statistically significant (F=8.407, P<0.05). Conclusion The overall printer workload is small and the concentration of particulate matter in the faculty offices is low when the printers are working. Printer position, distance, ventilation, and the distance from a nearby window under ventilation conditions are factors affecting the concentration of particulate matter released by the printers.
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Objective:To summarize the causes of death and severe complication in the early diagnosis of children with neuroblastoma (NB), and to analyze the relative factors of early death of children with NB, so as to raise awareness and reduce early mortality by early detection and early intervention.Methods:Patients with newly diagnosed NB in the Hematology Oncology Center of Beijing Children′s Hospital from April 2007 to December 2017 were included consecutively, and those died within 1 month after diagnosis were retrospectively analyzed.The general data of patients, immediate causes of death, complications, time elapsed between death and diagnosis, whether to receive chemotherapy and other information were collected.Results:A total of 654 cases were included for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up, 31 cases of which died in early stage, accounting for 4.7% of the total.The major complication were pulmonary infection in 18 cases (58.1%) and bone marrow suppression after chemotherapy in 17 cases (54.8%), tumor rupture hemorrhage in 16 cases (51.6%), multiple organ failure in 8 cases (25.8%). Risk factor analysis of the 31 early death cases with NB was conducted.Single factor analysis: there were statistical differences between early death group and non-early death group in risk grouping ( P=0.006 6), bone marrow invasion ( P=0.020 7), site of primary tumor ( P=0.016 7), age ( P=0.003 3), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level ( P<0.000 1), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) level ( P<0.000 1), serum ferritin level ( P=0.016 0), D dimer level ( P<0.000 1), fibrinogen level ( P=0.002 7), diameter of tumor ( P<0.000 1), hemoglobin ( P<0.000 1), platelet level ( P<0.000 1), serum albumin level ( P<0.000 1). Multiple-factor analysis: age younger than 30 months, OR=2.824 (95% CI: 1.084-7.359), LDH level greater than 1 004 IU/L, OR=6.991 (95% CI: 2.135-22.887), albumin level less than 36 g/L, OR= 65.237 (95% CI: 2.024-13.545), hemoglobin level less than 92 g/L, OR=5.358 (95% CI: 2.024-13.545), platelet level less than 192×10 9/L, OR=3.554 (95% CI: 1.267-9.965). Conclusions:Strengthening vital signs detection after admission, identifying severe life-threatening complications such as rupture of tumors as early as possible, implementing symptomatic interventions such as appropriate sedation and active transfusion of blood products as early as possible after invasive operation, and transferring to intensive care unit for respiratory support when necessary are important means to avoid early death.
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Objective:To explore the effect of auricular point pressing pill combined with rhubarb acupoint application on intestinal preparation and prevention of adverse events in colonoscopy.Methods:A total of 220 patients who met the inclusion criteria from May 2019 to February 2020 were randomly divided into 4 groups, 55 in each group. The control group was only given compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder. The auricular plaster group was combined with auricular point pressing pill on the basis of the control group. The acupoint sticking group was combined with rhubarb acupoint application on the basis of the control group. The combination group was combined with auricular point pressing pill and rhubarb acupoint application on the basis of the control group. The quality of bowel preparation was evaluated by Boston Bowel Preparation Scale(BBPS), and the adverse events such as perianal discomfort, defecation discomfort, abdominal pain and abdominal distension were observed.Results:After treatment, there was significant difference in BBPS score among the four groups ( F=3.038, P=0.030). The BBPS score in the acupoint sticking group (7.45 ± 1.20 vs. 6.78 ± 1.32) and combination group (7.26 ± 1.11 vs. 6.78 ± 1.32) were significantly higher than those in the control group( P<0.05). After treatment, there were significant differences in abdominal pain and abdominal distension scores among the four groups ( F=2.947, 5.879, P=0.034, 0.001). The scores of perianal discomfort (0.07 ± 0.38 vs. 0.44 ± 1.07), defecation discomfort (0.40 ± 0.81 vs. 0.87 ± 1.32) and abdominal pain (0.93 ± 1.32 vs. 1.69 ± 1.61) in the combination group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05), and the abdominal distension score (1.05 ± 1.00 vs. 1.64 ± 0.95) in the acupoint sticking was significantly lower than that of the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Auricular combined with rhubarb powder acupoint application can improve the quality of bowel preparation and reduce intestinal adverse reactions. It can be used with polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder for the intestinal preparation process.