Association between genetic predisposition to childhood obesity and the risk of adult ischemic heart disease in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To examine the associations of childhood obesity, assessed by genetic variations of childhood body mass index (BMI), with the risk of adult ischemic heart disease (IHD) and major coronary event (MCE). Methods: More than 69 000 participants from the China Kadoorie Biobank were genotyped. After excluding those with coronary heart disease, stroke, or cancer at baseline, a total of 64 454 participants were included in this study. Based on genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), childhood BMI genetic risk score were constructed for every participant and divided into quintiles, with the lowest quintile as the low genetic risk group and the highest quintile as the high genetic risk group. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association between genetic predisposition to childhood obesity and the risk of ischemic heart disease. Results: During a median of 10.7 years of follow-up, 7 073 incident cases of IHD and 1 845 cases of MCE were documented. After adjusting for sex, age, region, and the first ten genetic principal components, the HRs (95%CIs) for IHD and MCE in the high genetic risk group were 1.10 (1.02-1.18) and 1.10 (0.95-1.27), compared with the low genetic risk group. IHD risk increased by 4% (2%-6%) for each one standard deviation increase in genetic risk score (trend P=0.001). After further adjustment for baseline BMI, the differences between genetic risk groups were not statistically significant, but there was still a linear trend between genetic risk score and IHD risk (trend P=0.019). Conclusions: IHD risk increased with genetic predisposition to childhood obesity, suggesting that childhood obesity is an important risk factor for the development of IHD in China. As an easily identifiable feature, changes of childhood BMI should be monitored regularly to realize early intervention of IHD in adults.

The correlation of sleep duration and insomnia with low muscle mass, strength and quality in Chinese adults / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To explore the relationship of sleep duration and insomnia with muscle mass, strength, and quality in Chinese adults. Methods: Based on the second resurvey of China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) in 2013-2014, logistic regression models were used to analyze the correlation of sleep duration, insomnia, and its duration with low muscle mass, handgrip strength, and muscle quality. Results: The average sleep duration of the study population was (7.4±1.5) hours. Morbidities of short sleep duration (<6 hours), long sleep duration (≥9 hours), and insomnia were 9.3%,17.4%,and 29.9%,respectively. Compared with those who slept for 7- hours, those who slept for ≥9 hours were more likely to have low muscle mass, low handgrip strength,and low arm muscle quality (AMQ), and the OR (95%CI) of low appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), low total skeletal muscle mass index (TSMI), low grip strength and low AMQ were 1.32 (1.18-1.48),1.26 (1.13-1.41), 1.33 (1.18-1.49) and 1.16 (1.03-1.30), respectively. Compared with participants without insomnia, insomnia patients were more likely to have low muscle mass,and the longer the duration of insomnia,the higher the risk (P for trend <0.001). Participants who reported <6 hours sleep duration and insomnia had a higher proportion of low ASMI and low TSMI,compared with those who slept for 7- hours and without insomnia, the OR (95%CI) were 1.26 (1.08-1.47) and 1.25 (1.07-1.46), respectively. Conclusions: Participants who reported ≥9 hours sleep duration were more likely to have low muscle mass,low handgrip strength,and low AMQ. Participants with insomnia had lower muscle mass, and the longer the duration of insomnia, the higher the proportion of low ASMI and low TSMI.

Spicy food consumption and risk of lip, oral cavity and pharynx cancers: a prospective cohort study of Chinese adults / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To explore the association of spicy food consumption and risk of lip, oral cavity, and pharynx cancers (LOCPs) in Chinese adults. Methods: Based on the baseline survey and long-term follow-up of the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study, Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for associations between spicy food consumption and LOCPs incidence. Results: Of the 510 145 participants included at baseline, 30.1% reported daily spicy food consumption. During a mean follow-up of 10.8 (2.0) years, we documented 767 LOCPs cases. Multivariate adjusted analyses showed that the risk of LOCPs incidence decreased with the frequency of spicy food intake (trend P=0.003), with HR of 0.69 (95%CI:0.54-0.88) for daily spicy food consumers, compared with never or occasional consumers. Participants who preferred moderate pungency degrees had the lowest risk of LOCPs, with a 33%[0.67(95%CI:0.52-0.87)] reduced risk compared to those who consumed spicy food less than once per week. The later the starting age, the lower the risk (trend P=0.004). Those who started eating spicy food after 18 years old had the lowest risk of LOCPs incidence, with adjusted HR (95%CI) of 0.70(0.54-0.92). Conclusions: Spicy food intake might be associated with a decreased risk of LOCPs incidence. Such association was independent of healthy lifestyles. Advocating moderate-pungency spicy food consumption and healthy lifestyles might help prevent LOCPs.

The correlation of physical activity and sedentary leisure time with low muscle mass, strength, and quality in Chinese adults / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To explore the relationship of physical activity and sedentary leisure time with muscle mass, strength, and quality in Chinese adults. Methods: Based on the second resurvey of China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) in 2013-2014, logistic regression models were used to analyze the correlation of physical activity and sedentary leisure time with low muscle mass, grip strength, and muscle quality. Results: A total of 24 245 participants were included in the analysis. The average daily physical activity level was (18.3±13.8) MET-h/d, and the sedentary leisure time was (4.4±1.9) hours. We took the lowest physical activity quartile as the reference and found that the participants' physical activity was negatively correlated to low muscle mass, strength, and quality. The ORs (95%CIs) of low appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), low total skeletal muscle mass index (TSMI), low grip strength and low arm muscle quality (AMQ) were 0.68 (0.60-0.77), 0.66 (0.58-0.75), 0.82 (0.72-0.94) and 0.84 (0.74-0.95), respectively. The subtypes of physical activity, including those related to work, transportation, housework, and leisure, also showed negative correlations with low muscle mass, strength, and quality to varying degrees. Compared with participants with the shortest sedentary leisure time, those who had the longest were more likely to have low TSMI (OR=1.13, 95%CI: 0.99-1.30). Conclusions: Physical activity was negatively correlated with a lower risk of low muscle mass and strength, while longer sedentary leisure time positively correlated with low muscle mass.

Associations of body mass index and waist circumference with hospitalization risk of kidney stones in Chinese adults / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the associations of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference with hospitalization risk of kidney stones in Chinese adults. Methods: This study used long-term follow-up data from China Kadoorie Biobank. After excluding participants with chronic kidney disease, cancer, and extreme BMI or waist circumference values at baseline, 502 096 participants were included in the present analysis. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the associations of BMI and waist circumference with hospitalization risk of kidney stones. Results: During an average follow-up period of (10.7±2.2) years, 12 396 participants were hospitalized for the first time with kidney stones. Using the participants with BMI (kg/m2) of 20.5-22.4 as reference, the multivariable-adjusted HR (95%CI) for those with BMI of <18.5, 18.5-20.4, 22.5-23.9, 24.0-25.9, 26.0-27.9, 28.0-29.9, and ≥30.0 were 0.96 (0.87-1.05), 0.94 (0.88-1.00), 1.11 (1.05-1.17), 1.25 (1.18-1.32), 1.29 (1.21-1.37), 1.39 (1.28-1.50), and 1.54 (1.40-1.71), respectively. For every 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI, the HR of kidney stones hospitalization increased by 4% (HR=1.04, 95%CI: 1.04-1.05). Using the participants with waist circumference (cm) of 75.0-79.9 as reference, the multivariable-adjusted HR (95%CI) for those with waist circumference of <65.0, 65.0-69.9, 70.0-74.9, 80.0-84.9, 85.0-89.9, 90.0-94.9, and ≥95.0 were 0.82 (0.74-0.91), 0.85 (0.80-0.92), 0.95 (0.89-1.00), 1.16 (1.09-1.22), 1.22 (1.15-1.30), 1.28 (1.19-1.38), and 1.46 (1.35-1.58), respectively. For every 5 cm increase in waist circumference, the HR of kidney stones hospitalization increased by 9% (HR=1.09, 95%CI: 1.08-1.10). After mutually adjusting for BMI and waist circumference in the above models, the association between BMI and hospitalization risk of kidney stones disappeared. In contrast, the association between waist circumference and hospitalization risk of kidney stones remained unchanged. Conclusions: BMI and waist circumference were positively associated with hospitalization risk of kidney stones. The increased waist circumference was an independent risk factor for kidney stones among Chinese adults.

Association between tea consumption and all-cause mortality in Chinese adults / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To investigate the association between tea consumption and the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality among Chinese adults. Methods: This study was based on China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB). Tea consumption information was self-reported by participants at baseline. Death was mainly identified by linkage to the death registry system. Cox proportional hazard regression models estimated HR and 95%CI. Results: With a median follow-up of 11.1 years, there were 34 661 deaths in 438 443 participants. Compared with those who never drink tea, all-cause mortality HR(95%CI) were 0.89(0.86-0.91) and 0.92(0.88-0.95) for non-daily tea drinkers and daily tea drinkers, respectively. A statistically significant difference was found in the association of tea consumption and the risk of all-cause mortality between men and women(interaction P<0.05). The protective effect was mainly seen in men. Compared with those who never drink tea, daily tea drinkers had a reduced risk of death from ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, cancer, respiration diseases and other causes of death, and the corresponding HR(95%CI) were 0.83(0.76-0.92), 0.82(0.69-0.97), 0.86(0.78-0.94), 1.03(0.97-1.09), 1.00(0.87-1.16), 0.84(0.78-0.90). Among never smokers and non-excessive drinkers, there was no statistically significant association between daily tea drinking and the risk of death from cancer. While smokers and excessive drinkers had an increased risk of death from cancer (interaction P<0.001). Conclusions: Tea consumers had reduced risks of all-cause mortality and partial cause-specific mortality, but not for the risk of death from cancer. On the contrary, daily tea drinkers with smoking habits and excessive alcohol drinking had an increased risk of death from cancer.

Studies on efficacy of a bioabsorbable steroid-eluting sinus stent in the frontal sinus opening of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To assess the efficacy of a bioabsorbable steroid-eluting sinus stent in improving surgical outcomes when placed in the frontal sinus ostium (FSO) following full endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in patients with whole group chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Methods: Patients with whole group CRSwNP who had similar lesions on bilateral sinus between September 2019 and March 2020 in Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Changhai Hospital were chosen. Patients with CRSwNP who underwent extended ESS were randomly assigned to receive a steroid-eluting sinus stent in one FSO whereas the contralateral side received surgery alone. Endoscopic evaluations recorded at 30, 90 days postoperative were graded by an independent assessment panel to assess the need for interventions in the FSO. Semi-quantitative data with CT and endoscopic score were performed by rank sum test. The need for postoperative intervention and the patency rate of FSO were analyzed using the McNemar test. Results: Thirty-one patients with whole group CRSwNP met all eligible criteria, including 17 males and 14 females, with the age of (44.5±11.8) years(x¯±s). Stents were successfully placed in one FSO of all patients. At 30 days post-ESS, the assessment panel reported that steroid-eluting stents reduced the need for postoperative interventions by 41.0% (χ2=5.314,P=0.021), the need for oral steroid interventions by 40.0% (χ2=4.133,P=0.042) and the need for surgical interventions by 74.8% (χ2=4.292,P=0.038) compared to control sinuses with no stents. Clinical surgeons also reported greater diameter of FSO compared to control sinuses at 30 days post-ESS (74.2% vs 48.4%, χ2=4.351, P=0.037). These results at 90 days post-ESS were consistent with those at 30 days post-ESS. Conclusion: Bioabsorbable steroid-eluting sinus stents in the FSO can reduce polyp formation, adhesion, and the need for postoperative interventions in FSO of CRSwNP patients and improve the early postoperative outcomes.

Frequency of bowel movements and risk of Parkinson's disease: a prospective cohort study in adults in China / 中华流行病学杂志

@#To evaluate the association between the frequency of bowel movement (BMF) and the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, 510 134 participants from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) were included after excluding those who reported to had been diagnosed with cancer at baseline survey. The baseline survey was conducted from 2004 to 2008. The study used the data from the baseline survey and follow-up until December 31, 2016. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the s and the 95s of risk of PD diagnosis with BMF. During an average follow-up period of (9.9±1.9) years, 808 participants were diagnosed with PD. Compared with participants who had bowel movements every day, the multivariable-adjusted (95) for those who had bowel movements<3 times/week, once every 2-3 days, and>1 time/day were 3.62 (2.88-4.54), 2.13 (1.74-2.60), and 0.81 (0.63-1.05), respectively. The linear trend test results of the association between BMF and risk of PD diagnosis was significant (<0.001). Compared with the participants who had bowel movements ≥1 time/day, the multivariable-adjusted (95) for those who had bowel movements<1 time/day was 3.13 (2.32-4.23) within the 5 years of follow- up and was 2.48 (2.05-3.01) beyond the 5 years of follow-up. The gender specific results were similar. The association of BMF<1 time/day with risk of PD diagnosis was stronger in older participants. The participants with low BMF at baseline survey would have higher risk for PD diagnosis in the subsequent 10 years on average. Since abnormal decrease of BMF is easy to be found, programs could be set up for the early screening of PD in older people, along with other early symptoms of PD.

Seasonal variation of blood pressure and related factors in Chinese adults: a survey of over 50 000 people in Suzhou, China / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Seasonal variation in blood pressure had been observed in several studies on Western populations, but uncertainty remains about the strength of the relationship in other populations and the extent to which it was modified by other factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study was based on cross-sectional data from the China Kadoorie Biobank study with 53 260 men and women from the Suzhou area involved. Linear regression model was used to analyze the association of blood pressure with outdoor temperature-overall and in various subgroups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Blood pressure varied with the seasons, ascending in winter and descending in summer. The difference in systolic blood pressure (SBP) between summer and winter was 8.8 mm Hg in men and 7.0 mm Hg in women. SBP was inversely correlated with outdoor temperature, especially above 10°C, with every 10°C colder temperature causing 6.1 mm Hg increase of SBP. The seasonal variation in SBP was more obviously seen in older people and in those with lower body mass index.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Blood pressure was strongly and inversely associated with outdoor temperature in the population in Suzhou area. Seasonal variation of blood pressure should be considered when the hypertension screening programs, clinical management and data management on hypertensive patients.</p>

Relationship between behavior of weekly alcohol drinking and the prevalence of hypertension in adults of Suzhou city / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship between weekly alcohol drinking behavior and the prevalence of hypertension.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data was collected in a Kadoorie study of chronic disease in Wuzhong district, Suzhou city of Jiangsu province, China. Data from the baseline survey was used to describe the status of alcohol drinking and the prevalence of hypertension among local residents. Relationships between the frequency of alcohol drinking, consumption of alcohol, age when initiating weekly drinking behavior, drinking-related adverse conditions and the prevalence of hypertension, were studied by logistic regression.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The rates on weekly alcohol drinking in the studied population were 40.7% in men and 0.6% in women. The amount of weekly average alcohol intake showed as 250.8 g in males and 47.2 g in females, with statistical significance seen between genders (P < 0.01). The prevalence rates of hypertension among male and female were 39.7% and 36.1% respectively, with significant difference (P < 0.01). Data from Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that when the frequency of alcohol drinking > or = 3 days per week or the weekly average alcohol intake > or = 100 grams, the risk would be higher to develop hypertension than in those non-drinkers (P < 0.01). The age of initiating behavior as weekly alcohol drinking younger than 20 years old or the dinking-related adverse condition appeared to be more than two kinds. The risks of developing hypertension were 1.50 times and 3.27 times than those non-drinkers in men but not in women.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The frequency of drinking alcohol and the amount of alcohol intake per week was different between males and females. Along with the following factors as: increase of frequency on alcohol drinking per week, the amount of alcohol intake also increased. The advance of age related to the initiation of weekly drinking and the increase of alcohol-related adverse condition was also seen, the risk of hypertension showed an upward trend in males but not in females.</p>

National survey of doctor-reported secondary preventive treatment for patients with acute coronary syndrome in China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Long-term use of antiplatelet agents, statins, beta-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are proven therapies for secondary prevention in acute coronary syndrome. However, little is known of physicians' opinion about their use in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In 2010, standard questionnaires were posted to chief cardiologists in 1397 geographically diverse and representative sample of tertiary and secondary hospitals in China, collecting information about their opinions on the recommended treatments for acute coronary syndrome.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 1009 (72%) cardiologists responded with a valid questionnaire. Of them, 77% reported routine use of all the four main secondary preventive treatments, with little difference between secondary and tertiary hospitals (75% vs. 79%, P = 0.16). Of the cardiologists reporting routine or selective use of aspirin, beta-blockers, statins and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, 94%, 85%, 73% and 86% would recommend indefinite use respectively. For all the 4 treatments combined, only 63.5% reported indefinite use at the same time, with no significant difference between secondary and tertiary hospitals (62% vs. 65%, P = 0.17), nor between hospitals with or without fast track for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (66% vs. 61%, P = 0.50).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Although Chinese cardiologists seem well informed about the value of main secondary preventive treatments for acute coronary syndrome, there is still gap in their understanding of the need for combined and prolonged use of these treatments.</p>

ACEI/ARB use among high risk patients with coronary heart disease in China: a cross-sectional study / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study investigated current use of ACEI/ARB among high risk patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) in China and factors affecting ACEI/ARB use in these patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This cross-sectional survey was performed between June to December 2007 and May to November 2009 in 51 hospitals from 14 cities. The characteristics of patients with established CHD were collected by electronic questionnaire.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Only 45.8% high risk CHD patients were taking ACEI/ARB and the ACEI/ARB medication decreased significantly with time after initial CHD diagnosis. ACEI/ARB was taken in 46.1% CHD patients complicated with diabetes mellitus and in 56.3% CHD patients complicated with hypertension. Logistic regression analysis showed that comorbid hypertension was the strongest factor associated with ACEI/ARB use. In addition, male gender, history of myocardial infarction (MI), PCI and the time after initial CHD diagnosis were independent factors affecting the use of ACEI/ARB. Captopril was the most commonly prescribed ACEI in this cohort.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ACEI/ARB is underused in secondary prevention among high risk CHD patients in China. It remains a major challenge for healthcare professionals and policy makers to make efforts on narrowing the gap between evidence and practice.</p>

Use of secondary preventive medications in patients with atherosclerotic disease in urban China: a cross-sectional study of 16, 860 patients / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Despite considerable improvements in the care of patients with cardiovascular disease in various populations over the last few decades, there are still limited data about long-term treatment patterns among patients with various atherosclerotic vascular conditions in China, especially the use of statin therapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between June 2007 and October 2009, 16 860 patients aged 50 - 80 years with established history of atherosclerotic vascular disease (coronary heart disease (CHD), atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease (CVD), or peripheral arterial disease (PAD)) from 51 hospitals in 14 cities of China were screened for a large randomized trial. Detailed information about current use of statins and various other treatments was recorded and analyzed by prior disease history, adjusting for various baseline characteristics.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 16 860 patients, the mean age was 63 years and 74% were male. Overall, 78% of the patients had documented CHD, 40% had CVD, 5% had PAD and 21% reported more than one condition. The median time from initial diagnosis of vascular disease to screening was 18 months. At screening, the proportions who took various treatments were 83% for antiplatelet agents, 49% for beta-blockers, 47% for statins and 28% for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. The proportion treated with statin was much higher in CHD than in CVD or PAD patients (61% vs. 10% vs. 22% respectively) and decreased significantly with time from initial diagnosis. Simvastatin (mainly 20 mg) and atorvastatin (mainly 10 mg) each accounted for about 40% of total statin use.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In urban China, there is still significant underuse of various proven secondary preventive therapies, with particularly low use of statins in patients with ischaemic stroke.</p>

Underuse of statins in patients with atherosclerotic ischemic stroke in China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Well designed randomized trials and meta-analyses have clearly shown that statins reduce the risk of major vascular events, including ischemic stroke, in a wide range of patients and their routine use is recommended for patients at an increased cardiovascular risk. Survivors of a first ischemic stroke are at a risk of recurrence and of other vascular events and statins are generally recommended to reduce this risk. This study investigated how widely statins were being used for such patients in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 6422 patients with a history of ischemic stroke were identified by reviewing medical records at 51 highest-ranking hospitals in 14 cities in China, and invited to attend a screening clinic to assess eligibility for a randomized trial. Their current statin and other drug uses were recorded alongside clinical and demographic characteristics. Univariate chi-square test and multivariate Logistic regression were used to determine the factors associated with treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Only 24% of these patients reported currently taking a statin. The most important predictor of statin use among these patients was prior history of coronary heart disease. History of diabetes or hypertension, as well as treated in university affiliated hospitals is related to increased use. The status had improved significantly during a 2-year period. Atorvastatin (40%) and simvastatin (39%) were the most commonly used.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In China, statins are still underused for secondary prevention among survivors of ischemic stroke. Reasons for this poor use need to be understood in order to increase use of these evidence based therapies.</p>

The China Kadoorie Biobank: related methodology and baseline characteristics of the participants / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the separate and combined effects of environment,lifestyle,physical characteristics,blood biomarkers and genetic factors on aetiology of major chronic diseases in adult Chinese.Methods China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) is a large blood-based prospective cohort study.The baseline survey took place in 5 urban and 5 rural areas across China during 2004-2008,with collection of data through questionnaire,physical examination and blood samples.Following the baseline survey,5％ of the randomly selected participants were surveyed in 2008,and repeated every 4-5 years.All participants would be followed for cause-specific mortality and morbidity through registries and for any hospital admission through linkages with health insurance databases.Results Overall,512 891 adults aged 30-79 years (mean 51.5) were recruited,including 41.0％ men and 55.9％ from rural areas.Blood collection was successfully done in 99.98％ of the participants.The prevalence of current regular smoking was 61.3％ in men and 2.4％ in women.The prevalence of regular alcohol consumption (i.e.,weekly) was 33.4％ in men and 2.1％ in women.At the baseline,41.8％ of men and 45.3％ of women were overweight or obese (i.e.,BMI≥24.0 kg/m2) and 32.2％ of men and 30.2％ of women were hypertensive (i.e.,SBP≥140 mm Hg or DBP≥90 mm Hg).For each of the main baseline variables,there were large variations on age,sex and areas of study.Conclusion CKB seemed to be a powerful and rich resource in studying the environmental and genetic determinants of major chronic diseases in the Chinese population.

Current statin use for patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in 39 large Chinese hospitals / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the current statin use among high-risk patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in Chinese large hospitals.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical history and current medication were recorded in 11 783 patients with a history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) from 39 highest-ranking hospitals in 10 Chinese cities.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Indication for statin use was given for all screened patients and statin was not prescribed in up to 59.6% (7022) patients. For patients with statin use, medication time was shorter than their atherosclerotic CVD history in 1120 (23.5%) patients. The proportion of statin use among patients with ischemic stroke was 19.6%, among patients with coronary heart disease without ischemic stroke was 59.2%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Statin is underused in secondary prevention among patients with atherosclerotic CVD in China. There is a large gap between guideline recommended statin use and in practice. Thus, it remains a major challenge for healthcare professionals and policy makers to resolve this problem rapidly.</p>

Mismatch repair, minichromosome maintenance complex component 2, cyclin A, and transforming growth factor β receptor type II as prognostic factors for colorectal cancer: results of a 10-year prospective study using tissue microarray analysis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The expression of genes encoding a number of pathogenetic pathways involved in colorectal cancer could potentially act as prognostic markers. Large prospective studies are required to establish their relevance to disease prognosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We investigated the relevance of 19 markers in 790 patients enrolled in a large randomised trial of 5-fluorouracil using immunohistochemistry and chromogenic in situ hybridisation. The relationship between overall 10-year survival and marker status was assessed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Minichromosome maintenance complex component 2 (MCM2) and cyclin A were significantly associated with overall survival. Elevated MCM2 expression was associated with a better prognosis (HR = 0.63, 95%CI: 0.46 - 0.86). Cyclin A expression above the median predicted an improved patient prognosis (HR = 0.71, 95%CI: 0.53 - 0.95). For mismatch repair deficiency and transforming growth factor β receptor type II (TGFBRII) overexpression there was a borderline association with a poorer prognosis (HR = 0.69, 95%CI: 0.46 - 1.04 and HR = 2.11, 95%CI: 1.02 - 4.40, respectively). No apparent associations were found for other markers.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This study identified cell proliferation and cyclin A expression as prognostic indicators of patient outcome in colorectal cancer.</p>

Body mass index and mortality from ischaemic heart disease in China:a 15-year prospective study on 220 000 adult men / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To assess the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) mortality,especially in populations with low mean BMI levels.Methods We examined the data from a population-based,prospective cohort study of 220 000 Chinese men aged 40-79,who were enrolled in 1990-1991,and followed up ever since to 1/1/2006.Relative risks of the deaths from IHD by the baseline BMI were calculated,after controlling age,smoking,and the other potential confounding factors.Results The mean baseline BMI was 21.7 kg/m~2,and 2763 IHD deaths were recorded during the 15-year follow-up (6.8% of all deaths) program.Among men without prior vascular diseases at baseline,there was a J-shaped association between BMI and IHD mortality.When baseline BMI was above 20 kg/m~2,there was a strongly positive association of BMI with IHD risk,with each 5 kg/m~2 higher in BMI associated with 21%(95%CI:9%-35%,P=0.0004) higher IHD mortality.Below this BMI range,the association appeared to be reverse,with the risk ratios as 1.00,1.11,and 1.14,respectively,for men with BMI 20-21.9,18-19.9,and ＜ 18 kg/m~2.The excess IHD risk observed at low BMI levels persisted after restricting analysis to never smokers or excluding the first 3 years of follow-up.Conclusion Lower BMI was associated with lower IHD risk among people in the so-called 'normal range' of BMI values (20-25 kg/m~2).However,below that range,the association might well be reversed.

A cross-sectional study on the use of statin among patients with atherosclerotic ischemic stroke in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the degree and determinants of the use on statin among patients with atherosclerotic ischernic stroke in China. Methods In the context of an international multi-center clinical trial being undertaken in China, 5585 patients with atherosclerotic ischemic stroke were screened in 39 prestigious hospitals in 10 cities. The characteristics collected through electronic questionnaire were described and analyzed. Results All the screened patients had indications for statins. Among those, 60% of the patients had a history from 3 months to 2 years of suffering from stroke. However, up to 80% of the patients were not using statins when screened. Even in those with statins, about 1/4 of the patients took statins for much shorter period than the history of stroke. The proportion using statins among IS patients with CHD was 4 times more than in those without CHD. Simvastatin and Atorvastatin were most commonly used. Conclusion Statins were greatly nnderused for secondary prevention among patients with atherosclerotic ischemic stroke in China. There was a large gap between evidence and practice. It remains a major challenge for healthcare professionals and policy makers to tackle this problem more positively.

The voice assessment of 63 patients with larynx leukoplakia / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To search for sensitive indicators for the voice assessment of patients with larynx leukoplakia and to analyze the clinical relevance of voice assessment in diagnosis of larynx leukoplakia. Methods: Sixty-three patients with larynx leukoplakia (including 47 males and 16 females) were subjected to voice assessment by Dr. Speech software and the values of Jitter, Shimmer, normalized noise energy (NNE), harmonics-to-noise ratios (HNR), and fundamental frequency (Fo) were calculated. The results of the 47 male leukoplakia patients and 16 females were compared with those of normal controls (male 30, female 30) and of patients with vocal cord polyp (male 30, female 30). Results: The Jitter and Shimmer values of male leukoplakia patients were obviously higher than those of normal controls and patients with vocal cord polyp; their HNR value was lower than those of normal controls and higher than those of patients with vocal cord polyp; their NNE value was lower than those of normal controls and patients with vocal cord polyp (all P<0.05); and their Fo value was similar to those of normal controls and patients with vocal cord polyp. Female leukoplakia patients had a similar result to the male ones. Conclusion: The Jitter, Shimmer, NNE, and HNR values can be used as sensitive indicators for voice assessment of patients with larynx leukoplakia; among them the Jitter and Shimmer values have the strongest sensitivity and can be used as indicators for diagnosis and prognosis of larynx leukoplakia.