ABSTRACT
Objective To introduce the effect of estrogen on the vascular endothelial cells and on the development of Buerger's disease. Methods The relative papers were summarized with and made a literature reviewing. Results The physiological level estrogen in vivo has protective effects on the vascular endothelial cells; however, the high level of estrogen in vivo can hurt the vascular endothelial cells,which is an important factor in the development of Buerger's disease. Conclusion Investigation of the mechanism of high level of estrogen in Buerger's patients would have a favor effect on the prevention and treatment of Buerger's disease.
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We summarized and evaluated the radical effect and feasibility of the ano-saving operation for low rectal carcinoma by reviewing literature in recent years about the operative indication, the excision dimension, total mesorectum excision, selection of operative mode, 5-year survival rate and follow-up of the anal saving operation in low rectal carcinoma.The main points are as follows: (1)The operative indication of ano-saving operation is done according to the location,invasion depth and pelvic lymphatic metastasis of low rectal carcinoma.(2)The preoperative digital anal examination,rectal intraluminal ultrasound,pelvic CT and MRI can direct the selection of operative indication.(3)The operation of low rectal carcinoma should adhere to total mesorectum excision,but the lateral lymphadenectomy is necessary.(4)The wtra low resection is the major operative mode for low rectal carcionoma.(5)We should simultaneously perform the ano-saving operation through treating and preventing hepatic metastasis.The ano-saving operation can not only have radical treatment effect,but also improve the quality of life in patients with low rectal carcinoma.
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ObjectiveTo introduce the effect of trifoil peptides on the protection and treatment of gastrointestinal ulcer(GIU). MethodsWe reviewed literatures about trifoil peptide in its structure, distribution, physiologic effect and mechanism, and its relation with GIU. Results Trifoil peptides formed a layer of mucus glue by combining with glycoprotein ,and improved the defense ability of the gastrointestinal(GI) mucosa .Trifoil peptides repaired the GI mucosa by abjusting the movement of mucosal cells. Trifoil peptides also had the effect of antiproliferation and antiapopotosis. There was an ulcer-associated cell lineage (UACL) around GIU. In GIU, trifoil peptides unusually expressed new cells coming from UACL moved to the surface of ulcer, and repaired the ulcer. UACL can express three trifoil peptides.Used before and after the experiment, trifoil peptides have the protective and therapeutic effect on the experiment gastroenteric ulcer. ConclusionsTrifoil peptides may offer a new method to prevent and treat GIU.
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Objective To understand the experimentnl resluts and the advance in gene therapy for restenosis of the vessel. Method Literature review was made on gene therapy for restenosis directly at cytotoxic, cell cycle regulators, intracellular signal transducers, transcription factors, cytokines growth factors, nitric oxide and Fas ligand. Results cytotoxic gene therapy by thymidine kinase and cytosine deaminase, mutant retinoblastoma protein (Rb), cyclin-dependent kinases(cdk) inhibitors (such as p21 p27 and p53), antisense basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) blocking intracellular signal transduce by A-Raf and C-Raf, antisense Ag ??, promoting NO, ?-nterferon, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), ? chain synthesize suppressing nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) overexpression of gax and Fas ligand can inhibit restenosis of the vessel. Conclusions The effect of gene therapy for restenosis of the vessed is obvious in experimental studies. Conbination of more gene and several links gene therapy is the research direction in the future.
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Objective To introduce human telomerase reverse transcriptase(hTERT) gene and evaluate the significance in regulating telomerase activity(TA). Methods The related literatures in recent 4 years were reviewed. Results hTERT belongs to the transcriptase family. Its expression is strictly regulated at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. hTERT plays a key role in the regulation of TA. There are at least two regulatory mechanisms controlling the activity of telomerase. One is transcriptional control of the hTERT, and the other is selective(alternate) splicing of hTERT transcripts. Conclusions Among the factors regulating the TA, hTERT has showed to be a crucial factor.