ABSTRACT
Objective: To compare the effects of different drying methods on the quality of Trichosanthis Pericarpium, and screen the suitable drying methods for its modern drying processing. Methods: The fresh Trichosanthis Pericarpium collected from Anhui were processed by traditional and modern drying processing methods [hot air drying (40, 50, 60, 70 ℃), microwave vacuum drying (40, 50, 60, 70 ℃; vacuum -0.08 MPa), short-wave infrared drying (50, 60, 70 ℃), vacuum -80 ℃ lyophilization, traditional solar drying, shadow drying]. Combined with the appearance of the samples after drying, the composition and content of the 40 resource chemical compositions [five kinds of flavonoids (rutin, luteoloside, apigenin-7-O-glucuronide, apigenin, tangeretin), three kinds of triterpenoids (cucurbitacin D, cucurbitacin B, cucurbitacin E)] and nutritional nourishing ingredients [two kinds of saccharides (glucose, fructose), eighteen kinds of amino acids (phenylalanine, L-leucine, iso-leucine, L-tryptophan, γ-aminobutyric acid, L-methionine, L-valine, L-proline, L-tyrosine, trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline, L-threonine, L-glutamic acid, L-glutamine, L-serine, L-asparagine, L-citrulline, L-arginine, L-lysine), and twelve kinds of nucleosides (thymidine, 2’-deoxyuridine, adenine, uridine, adenosine, 2’-deoxyinosine, inosine, cytosine, guanine, 2’-deoxyguanosine, cytidine, guanosine)] were evaluated for comprehensively evaluating the quality of the different samples. The best modern drying method for Trichosanthis Pericarpium was preferred by principal component analysis. Results: Among different dry samples, the content of medicinal ingredients and nutrient nourishing ingredients varied greatly, among which fructose and glucose content ranged from 9.78% to 21.32% and 4.46% to 15.63%, respectively. Samples of 70 ℃ microwave vacuum drying had the highest total amount of flavonoids and tetracyclic triterpenoids, while those of 40 ℃ hot air drying treatment were the lowest. Through comprehensive evaluation of 14 kinds of Trichosanthis Pericarpium samples obtained by different drying methods, it was found that samples of 70 ℃ hot air drying, 70 ℃ short-wave infrared drying, vacuum -80 ℃ lyophilization, 50 ℃ microwave vacuum drying and 60 ℃ hot air drying were better than the traditional solar drying. Conclusion: Combined with the appearance of the medicinal properties, color, texture, drying time and functional ingredients, it was recommended that 70 ℃ hot air drying method was the preferred conditions for production based on the current state of the equipment of company. Based on the development of new equipment in the future, short-wave infrared 70 ℃ drying can be used as the development direction of Trichosanthis Pericarpium. The study provided reference for the standardization and quality characteristics of production of Trichosanthis Pericarpium.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To establish a UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of nine kinds of nucleosides in Spirodelae Herba, and analyze and investigate the difference of nucleosides ingredients in samples from 13 habitats. Methods: The determination was performed on the Waters XbridgeTM Amide-C18 (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μm), the 0.1% formic acid-water (A) and 0.1% acetonitrile-water (B) in gradient elution as mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.5 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃. MS instrument was equipped with ESI+ ion source. Gaining the extracted ion chromatograms, then the peak area for quantitative, principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) were used to comprehensive evaluation. Results: All nine kinds of nucleoside showed good linearity (r ≥ 0.998 9). The RSD of the precision, repeatability, and stability tests were less than 3.5%. The average recovery rates were in the range of 94.4%-101.9%, RSD were in the range of 1.73% - 3.58%. There are differences in the composition and content from different habitats. The content of 2'-deoxyuridine and 2'-deoxyinosine in the lower levels, cytosine was the lowest, while the contents of uridine, inosine, and xanthine were in higher levels. The largest content was in Spirodelae Herba from Huangshan, Anhui province. Conclusion: The method for the simultaneous determination of the nine kinds of nucleosides is simple, accurate, and reproducible, that will provide the basis for the formulation of herbs Spirodelae Herba for quality control standards.