Riesgo de desarrollar diabetes tipo 2 según LA FINDRISC y enfermedad arterial periférica / Risk of developing type 2 diabetes according to LA FINDRISC and peripheral arterial disease

La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) representa un problema de salud pública, debido a su alta incidencia y prevalencia en el mundo. Un método para evaluar el riesgo de desarrollar DM2 es la escala Latin American Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (LA FINDRISC). La DM2 es un factor de riesgo de enfermedad arterial periférica (EAP) la cual puede ser diagnosticada mediante el índice tobillo-brazo (ITB). Objetivo: evaluar la presencia y severidad de enfermedad arterial periférica mediante ITB y relacionarlo con el riesgo de desarrollar DM2 según LA FINDRISC. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, correlacional, de corte transversal. Se evaluaron 134 personas y se les midió glicemia capilar para descartar diabetes. Posteriormente, se realizó el LA FINDRISC y el ITB. Resultados: El puntaje LA FINDRISC y la glicemia alteradas en ayunas aumentaron proporcionalmente (R2=0,5). Esta relación no se observó entre LA FINDRISC y el ITB arrojado por la población general. Sin embargo, al seleccionar los pacientes con vasos no comprimibles aparece una correlación positiva (R2=0,36) entre los dos instrumentos diagnósticos. Conclusión: LA FINDRISC y el ITB son instrumentos de diagnósticos no invasivo, sencillos y válidos para detectar riesgo de desarrollar DM2, y detectar presencia y severidad de enfermedad arterial periférica, respectivamente(AU)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) represents a public health problem, due to its high incidence and prevalence in the world. One method to assess the risk of developing DM2 is the Latin American Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (LA FINDRISC) scale. DM2 is a risk factor for peripheral arterial disease (PAD) which can be diagnosed using the ankle-brachial index (ABI). Objective: to evaluate the presence and severity of peripheral arterial disease using ABI and to relate it to the risk of developing DM2 according to LA FINDRISC. Methods: descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study. 134 people were evaluated, and capillary glycemia was measured to rule out diabetes. Subsequently, the LA FINDRISC and the ITB were held. Results: The LA FINDRISC score and impaired fasting blood glucose increased proportionally (R2 = 0.5). This relationship was not observed between LA FINDRISC and the ITB showed by the general population. However, when selecting patients with non-compressible vessels, a positive correlation (R2 = 0.36) appears between the two diagnostic instruments. Conclusion: FINDRISC and ITB are simple and valid non-invasive diagnostic instruments to detect the risk of developing DM2, and detect the presence and severity of peripheral arterial disease, respectively(AU)

Importance Of Non–dipping Pattern In Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Introduction: Hypertension was prevalent in 80 to 90% of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), Hypertension was widely known to accelerate the progression of CKD and increase the risk of cardiovascular (CV) events. In essential hypertension, it was observed that 24hr ambulatory BP and a non–dipping profile were closely associated with increased target–organ damage and a worsened CV outcome than clinic BP. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation between non dipping pattern, traditional risk factors such as age, gender, cholesterol, asymptomatic atherosclerosis markers (LVMI, Carotid IMT, ABI) and cardiovascular mortality in CKD patients. Methodology: Patients attending hemodialysis unit and the outpatient department of the Osmania General Hospital were formed as the material of study. Results: According to the Sleep /Awake BP ratio> 0.9 in their ambulatory BP recordings; The percentage of non dipping pattern was observed in 72% and the remaining 28% had dipping phenomenon. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated by Modification of diet in renal disease study (MDRD) equation has ranged around 4.8 to 77 ml/mim/1.73m2 and was negatively correlated with sleep/awake BP ratio. The percentage of diabetes was observed to be higher in the non–dippers. The non–dipping phenomenon was significantly associated with asymptomatic atherosclerosis markers (LVMI, Carotid IMT, and ABI). There was a high prevalence of CV events (1 in dipper and 17 in non–dippers) and CV related deaths (1 in dipper and 9 in non–dippers) in non dippers.

Recent Medical Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus : Prevention and Cardiovascular Complications / The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) doubles the risk of major cardiovascular complications in both patients with and those without established cardiovascular disease (CVD), and the majority of patients with DM die of CVD. Therefore, prevention and early diagnosis for CVD are important for the improvement of quality of life and prognosis of patients with DM. Exercise stress tests, such as a treadmill test, are needed to detect myocardial ischemia, but such stress testing should be done by cardiologists. On the other hand, measurement of ankle brachial index (ABI) is quick and easy and has been used successfully to diagnose peripheral artery disease. Since ABI is known to be a good predictor of the risk of recurrent CV events and death, I strongly recommend that ABI be measured in all DM patients. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are oral agents with little risk of hypoglycemia and thus used widely. In 2013, two clinical studies (EXAMINE and SAVOR-TIMI53) showed that DPP-4 inhibitors were generally safe and well-tolerated but did not decrease or increase the rate of CV events in patients with high risk for CV. Although the study periods were short (1.5-2.0 years), it was shown that a reduction of CV events in DM patients with CV risk is difficult with glycemic control alone. Results of the Steno-2 study showed that optimal treatment of hypertension and dyslipidemia in addition to glycemic control are needed to reduce CV events.

The ankle-brachial index of type 2 diabetes / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To study the ankle-brachial index of the diabetic gangrene. Methods ABI of the sixty cases with type 2 diabetes were measured. The results were divided into four groups: normal, gently abnormal moderate abnormal severely abnormal group. Results 30 cases were normal, occupying 50% (P＞0.05), gently and moderate abnormal attained 5 cases (8.33%) and 4 cases (6.67%) respectively, and the rests 21cases were severely abnormal, occupying 35% (P＞0.05).Conclusion The normal ABI was not always indicating type 2 diabetes without the gangrene or tendency.

Effects of acupuncture stimulation on the arterial compliance-A comparison between LI10, ST36, CV12 and non-stimulation- / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

[Objective]We researched the effect on three acupuncture stimulation groups and a non-stimulation group used for arterial compliance. <BR>[Methods]This study was conducted on 70 healthy volunteers divided randomly into four groups. We observed the effects of arterial compliance by measuring the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity score (baPWVs), ankle brachial pressure index (ABI), Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) using form PWV/ABI®. Acupuncture stimulation groups were divided into LI10 (Shousanli, Te no Sanri n = 23) group, ST36 (Zusanli, Ashi no Sanri n = 18) group, and CV12 (Zhongwan, Chukan n = 19) groups.<BR>[Results]We found that baPWVs significantly decreased in both the LI10 (before 1222 ± 203cm/s vs after 986 ± 143cm/s) and ST36 (before 1245 ± 126 cm/s vs after 1014 ± 120 cm/s) groups (p < 0.05), but not significantly in the CV12 group (before 1264 ± 222 cm/s vs 1287 ± 226 cm/s) and non-stimulation groups (before 1228 ± 144 cm/s vs after 1222 ± 150 cm/s). ABI, SBP, DBP and HR were not significant in the all groups. <BR>[Conclusion]These results suggest that upper and lower extremities or the abdomen in acupuncture stimulation may influence the activity of arterial compliance.

Relationship between Ankler-brachial Index and Extent of Intracranial Artery Stenosis / 中国康复理论与实践

@# ObjectiveTo evaluate the significance of ankler-brachial index (ABI) to predict the extent of intracranial artery stenosis in ischemic stroke patients. Methods243 ischemic stroke patients were enrolled, brain angiography were examined and all of the ABI and basic data were collected. ResultsABI≤0.9 was associated with a specificity of 84.6% and a sensitivity of 16.8% for predicting the presence of severe stenosis in intracranial artery. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve was (0.591±0.046) (P<0.05). ConclusionABI≤0.9 has a relative specificity and sensitivity for predicting the presence of severe stenosis of intracranial artery.

The expression of COX-2, VEGF, MMP-2 and P-glucoprotein in carcinoma of stomach and its significance / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of COX-2, VEGF, MMP-2 and P-g]ycoprotein in carcinoma of stomach and its significance. Method The expressions of COX-2, VEGF and P-glycoprotein inside and beside the tumor tissues of 57 cases carcinoma of stomach were detected with immunohistochemistry method. Result The expressions of COX-2, VEGF, MMP-2 and P-glyeoprotein inside the tumor tissues were significantly higher than that beside the tumor(χ2 = 5.29,5.37,5.62,4.87 ; P < 0.05). The expressions of COX-2, VEGF and MMP-2 were different among different carcinoma metastasis (χ2 = 5.97, 6.17,6.09 ; P < 0.05). P-glucoprotein expressions were positive correlated with gastric cancer(rs' = 0.674,0.65,0.67 ; P < 0.05). Conclusion COX-2, VGEF, MMP-2 and P-glyeopretein were some correlated and overexpressed in stomach carcinoma, which may take part in the genesis, development and multi-drug resistance of this cancer.

Cuantificación del virus de hepatitis B por la técnica PCR tiempo real / Quantification of viral hepatitis type B using the real-time PCR technique

La técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) ha determinado, en la cuantificación de virus, un avance especial para el manejo de infecciones crónicas por virus, en especial, para HIV, virus de hepatitis B y C. La cuantificación en tiempo real se realiza en el ABI PRISM Sequence Detection System. Se amplifica, específicamente, el fragmento pb del genoma del virus de hepatitis B. Se recomienda el HBV PCR kit para la toma de la muestra., determinándose un protocolo para el almacenamiento de la misma. Es importante saber que el congelar las muestras o el almacenamiento prolongado disminuyen la sensibilidad del método. Se puede almacenar por años si es a una temperatura de - 70º C. Tubos con heparina o pacientes heparinizado alteraran la determinación de la muestra. El limite inferior detectable del virus B es de 3.78 UI/ml y el mayor es 1.4 x 10¹¹ UI/ml, se determinan todos los genotipos desde A-H. Los pacientes HBeAg positivos, usualmente, tienen valores mayores a 1 x 10(6) UI/ml y los HBe negativos portadores inactivos por lo general, valores menores a 1 x 10(4).

The polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR) has determined a special advance in the virus quantification for the management of chronic viral infections, especially for HIV hepatitis virus type B and C. The real-time quantification is performed in the ABI PRISM Sequence Detection System. The fragment pb of the genome of the hepatitis type B virus is amplified. The HBV PCR kit is recommended for taking a sample and a protocol for storing it is determined. It is important to know that freezing the samples or keeping them for a long time decreases the sensitivity of the method. It may be stored for years if kept at a temperature of -70° C. Heparinized patients or tubes with heparin will alter the determination of the sample. The lower limit of detection of B virus is 3.78 Ul/ml and the higher limit is 1.4 x 10(11) Ul/ml. All genotypes from A-H are determined. The patients with HbeAg positive usually present higher values than 1 x 10(6) Ul/ml and the HBe negative inactive carriers usually get lower values than 1 x 10(4).

Oximetría de pulso como método de rastreo para macroangiopatía en diabéticos tipo 2: estudio prospectivo realizado en el hospital Luis Vernaza, de abril a septiembre de 2005 / Pulse oxymetry as a research method for diabetes 2 macroangiopathy: prospective study carried out in Luis Vernaza hospital, from abril to september/ 2005

Introducción: Con esta investigación queremos conseguir un método de rastreo alternativo para el estudio de la vasculopatía periférica que sea útil, exacto, sencillo de aplicar, no invasivo y que brinde veracidad en sus resultados. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo en el que se enrolaron 30 pacientes a los que se realizó la historia clínica, el ABI (Ankle-Brachial Index) y la medición de la saturación de oxígeno en el dedo índice y en el primer dedo del pie. El ABI fue considerado anormal con un valor menor de 0.9 y la saturación de oxígeno del primer dedo del pie fue considerada anormal, si la diferencia era mayor del 2 en comparación con el dedo índice y con el pie elevado 12 pulgadas. Posteriormente comparamos dichos resultados. Resultados: Encontramos una correlación entre ABI y Oximetría de pulso de – 0.39; igualmente detectamos la siguiente relación: a mayor edad y tiempo de diabetes, existieron valores mayores de desaturación de O2 en miembros inferiores, acompañados de valores menores de ABI, existiendo una correlación entre ellos de 88 según la tendencia que exhibieron los resultados. Conclusiones: La oximetría de pulso de miembros inferiores tanto en decúbito dorsal como elevada 12 pulgadas es tan exacta y segura como el ABI (Ankle-Brachial Index) en el rastreo de enfermedad arterial periférica en diabéticos tipo 2; y, la combinación de los dos, incrementa la sensibilidad.

Introduction: With this research we want to achieve an alternative useful, precise, simple to administer, non-invasive tracing method for the study of peripheral vasculopathy. That method should also give truthful results. Methods: Prospective study for which 30 patients were signed on and all of them had case history, Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) and measurement of oxygen saturation in the index finger and in the first toe. ABI was taken as abnormal if it is lower than 0.9 and oxygen saturation of the first toe was taken as abnormal if difference was higher than 2 compared with that of the index finger, with the foot raised 12 inches. Later those results were compared. Results: A correlation of -0.39 was found between ABI and pulse oxymetry. It was also detected this relation: the older the patient and the longer he (her) has had diabetes, the higher his (her) O2 desaturation in lower limbs, with lower ABI. Correlation: 88 according to the trend showed by the results. Conclusions: Lower limbs pulse oxymetry both face up and 12 inches up is so precise and definite as it is ABI (Ankle-Brachial Index) in the searching of a peripheral arterial disease in type 2 diabetics; and if both are used in combination, sensitivity increases.

ABI detection in the diagnosis of lower limb vasculopathy in the diabetes:a comparative study with DSA / 重庆医科大学学报

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of ABI detection in lower limb vasculopathy of diabetic patients.Methods:ABI detection was performed in 44 cases suspected of diabetic lower limb vasculopathy,and the results were compared with that of DSA. Results:There was no statistically significant difference between ABI detection and DSA in the diagnosis of diabetic lower limb vasculopathy.Compared with DSA,the accordance rate,sensitivity and specificity of ABI were 87.31%,86.46%and 82.00%respectively. Conclusion:By ABI detection,lower limb vasculopathy of diabetic patients can be detected.

Relation of Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) with the Other Traditional Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease / 中国慢性病预防与控制

Objective To assess the relationship of ankle brachial index (ABI) with the other traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods A total of 2005 participants with a full data were selected from the survey of risk factors for CVD, carried out in Wuming, Guangxi province, 2004. The relationship of ABI with the other risk factors of CVD was analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression (backward stepwise; probability for stepwise, entry:0.05, removal:0.10). T test used in participants having risk factors vs the normal participants. The risk factors of CVD include age, sex, hypertension, high total cholesterol (HTC), high fasting plasma glucose (high FPG), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (low HDL-C), overweight or obesity, cigarette smoking, etc. Results The mean ABI values were significant in the groups having risk factors of overweight or obesity (P=0.02), low HDL-C (P= 0.04) and cigarette smoking (P

Usefulness of Ankle Brachial Index to Predict the Extent of Coronary Stenosis / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between ankle brachial index (ABI) and the extent of coronary stenosis and evaluate the usefulness of ABI to predict the extent of coronary stenosis in old patients.Methods118 patients with coronary angiography were examined by ABI and hemostatic factors evaluation in addition to history collection.ResultsABI was inversely and significantly associated with Gensini score. ABI reduced significantly (P<0.001) in the patients with 3-vessel or left main coronary artery disease (CAD). But there were no significant differences in ABI among the patients with no CAD, 1-vessel or 2-vessel CAD. The corresponding area under the ROC curve was 0.75±0.045, with 95% CI=0.67～0.84 (P<0.001) in ABI in 3-vessel or left main CAD. When ABI≤0.9, it had a relatively high specificity (89.1%) and sensitivity (55.6%) for predicting the presence of 3-vessel disease or left main CAD.ConclusionIn the old patients, ABI is inversely and significantly associated with the extent of coronary stenosis, and ABI≤0.9 has a relatively high specificity and sensitivity for predicting the presence of 3-vessel or left main CAD.

IL-2 Pathway Blocking in Combination with Anti-CD154 Synergistically Establishes Mixed Macrochimerism with Limited Dose of Bone Marrow Cells and Prolongs Skin Graft Survival in Mice

To facilitate the establishment of mixed chimerism with limited dose of bone marrow (BM) cells, and to achieve tolerance in skin graft model, combined blocking of costimulatory pathway and IL-2 pathway was used in minimally myeloablative model using busulfan. BM cells (2.5 x 10(7)) of BALB/c were injected into C57BL/6 mice at day 0 with full thickness skin graft after single dose injection of busulfan (25 mg/kg) on day-1. Recipients were grouped and injected the anti-CD154, CTLA4-Ig, anti-IL-2R at days 0, 2, 4, and 6 according to protocol. Mixed macrochimerism were induced in groups treated with anti-CD154+anti-CTLA4-Ig, anti-CD154+anti-IL-2R, and anti-CD154+anti-CTLA4 Ig+anti-IL-2R. Three groups having chimerism enjoyed prolonged graft survival more than 6 months. Superantigen deletion study revealed deletion of alloreactive T cells in combined blockade treated groups. In graft versus host disease model using CFSE staining, CD4+ T cell and CD8+ T cell proliferation were reduced in groups treated with CTLA4-Ig or anti-IL-2R or both in combination with anti-CD154. However, anti-IL-2R was not so strong as CTLA4-Ig in terms of inhibition of T cell proliferation. In conclusion, IL-2 pathway blocking combined with anti-CD154 can establish macrochimerism with limited dose of BM transplantation and induce specific tolerance to allograft.

IL-2 Pathway Blocking in Combination with Anti-CD154 Synergistically Establishes Mixed Macrochimerism with Limited Dose of Bone Marrow Cells and Prolongs Skin Graft Survival in Mice

To facilitate the establishment of mixed chimerism with limited dose of bone marrow (BM) cells, and to achieve tolerance in skin graft model, combined blocking of costimulatory pathway and IL-2 pathway was used in minimally myeloablative model using busulfan. BM cells (2.5 x 10(7)) of BALB/c were injected into C57BL/6 mice at day 0 with full thickness skin graft after single dose injection of busulfan (25 mg/kg) on day-1. Recipients were grouped and injected the anti-CD154, CTLA4-Ig, anti-IL-2R at days 0, 2, 4, and 6 according to protocol. Mixed macrochimerism were induced in groups treated with anti-CD154+anti-CTLA4-Ig, anti-CD154+anti-IL-2R, and anti-CD154+anti-CTLA4 Ig+anti-IL-2R. Three groups having chimerism enjoyed prolonged graft survival more than 6 months. Superantigen deletion study revealed deletion of alloreactive T cells in combined blockade treated groups. In graft versus host disease model using CFSE staining, CD4+ T cell and CD8+ T cell proliferation were reduced in groups treated with CTLA4-Ig or anti-IL-2R or both in combination with anti-CD154. However, anti-IL-2R was not so strong as CTLA4-Ig in terms of inhibition of T cell proliferation. In conclusion, IL-2 pathway blocking combined with anti-CD154 can establish macrochimerism with limited dose of BM transplantation and induce specific tolerance to allograft.

Relationship between clinical course and measures of atherosclerosis in diabetic foot / 대한내과학회지

No abstract available.

Relationship between High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Peripheral Vascular Disease in Maintenance Dialysis Patients / 대한신장학회잡지

BACKGROUND: Pheripheral vascular disease (PVD) is a risk marker for coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and many other diseases. The cardiovascular mortality rate in dialysis patients is greater than that in general population. The aim of our study was to explore the distribution, risk factors of PVD by ankle- brachial index (ABI) and the relationship with inflammation by measurement of hsCRP in maintenance dialysis patients. METHODS: We measured ABI by doppler ultrasono in 130 maintenance dialysis patients (HD 86 patients, PD 44 patients) who undergoing dialysis for at least three months. Also, we classified the severity of PVD based upon ABI levels and compared the relation with systemic inflammation marker - hsCRP and many other clinical parameters. RESULTS: PD patients had significantly higher BMI with lower mean serum albumin for 6 months and serum BUN compared with HD patients. The frequency of PVD (ABI<0.9) was not different between the groups but ABI was significantly lower in HD patients than PD patients (0.95+/-0.21 vs 0.85+/-0.30, p<0.05). The mean of hsCRP tended to be lower in PD patients than in HD patients but did not reach stastical significance (0.31+/-0.35 vs 0.47+/-0.85, p=0.147). More severe PVD had higher mean hsCRP in whole dialysis patients and HD patients but PD patients didn't. The higher quartiles had older age, increased frequency and severity of PVD and significantly decreased ABI. The group with PVD(ABI<0.9) had a higher mean of hsCRP, older age, longer dialysis duration and diabetes. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that hsCRP, diabetes, age, dialysis duration predicted ABI with R2=0.488 and p=0.000 in whole dialysis patients. hsCRP, age, dialyis duration, the presence of diabetes and coronary artery disease predicted ABI in HD patients. But only age predicted ABI in PD patients. CONCIUSION: We conclude that the risk factors of PVD may be different between the PD patients and HD patients. And the pathophysiologic implication on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality of same risk factors may be different between the groups.

Relationship between High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Peripheral Vascular Disease in Maintenance Dialysis Patients / 대한신장학회잡지

BACKGROUND: Pheripheral vascular disease (PVD) is a risk marker for coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and many other diseases. The cardiovascular mortality rate in dialysis patients is greater than that in general population. The aim of our study was to explore the distribution, risk factors of PVD by ankle- brachial index (ABI) and the relationship with inflammation by measurement of hsCRP in maintenance dialysis patients. METHODS: We measured ABI by doppler ultrasono in 130 maintenance dialysis patients (HD 86 patients, PD 44 patients) who undergoing dialysis for at least three months. Also, we classified the severity of PVD based upon ABI levels and compared the relation with systemic inflammation marker - hsCRP and many other clinical parameters. RESULTS: PD patients had significantly higher BMI with lower mean serum albumin for 6 months and serum BUN compared with HD patients. The frequency of PVD (ABI<0.9) was not different between the groups but ABI was significantly lower in HD patients than PD patients (0.95+/-0.21 vs 0.85+/-0.30, p<0.05). The mean of hsCRP tended to be lower in PD patients than in HD patients but did not reach stastical significance (0.31+/-0.35 vs 0.47+/-0.85, p=0.147). More severe PVD had higher mean hsCRP in whole dialysis patients and HD patients but PD patients didn't. The higher quartiles had older age, increased frequency and severity of PVD and significantly decreased ABI. The group with PVD(ABI<0.9) had a higher mean of hsCRP, older age, longer dialysis duration and diabetes. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that hsCRP, diabetes, age, dialysis duration predicted ABI with R2=0.488 and p=0.000 in whole dialysis patients. hsCRP, age, dialyis duration, the presence of diabetes and coronary artery disease predicted ABI in HD patients. But only age predicted ABI in PD patients. CONCIUSION: We conclude that the risk factors of PVD may be different between the PD patients and HD patients. And the pathophysiologic implication on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality of same risk factors may be different between the groups.

Relationship between ankle-brachial index and all cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality in female patients with atherosclerotic risk factors / 中国实用内科杂志

Objective To study the relationship between ankle-brachial index and all cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality in female Chinese patients with atherosclerotic risk factors.Methods A total of 1744 female patients with no less than two atherosclerotic risk factors were enrolled from several hospitals in Shanghai and Beijing.Baseline exams were measured.All the participants were followed up 13 months.Results The patients with PAD were significantly older than those without PAD[(72.42?9.158)years vs(65.89?10.366)years,P

ABI measurements in general population, The banpong study.

Atherosclerosis of the artery is the pathology of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Clinical symptoms of PAD result from progressive narrowing of the artery in severe state. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) is a simple method for screening and evaluating the severity of PAD. After reviewing the literatures, there are no data about ABI in Thai study and journals, we tried to study the ABI measurement in general population attending in Banpong hospital. Also we wanted to find the factors that affect to ABI and the relation of PAD by using ABI measurement with other atherosclerotic diseases. Objective : 1. ABI measurement of people that we can measure at OPD in Banpong hospital. 2. Descriptive data of ABI that we set to investigate in 7 groups of 10 years age interval. 3. Analyses of ABI relate to affecting factors and other atherosclerotic diseases. Methods: We asked for volunteers to measure ABI. When they permitted, we recorded general data such as age, sex, height, weight, suspicious factors and history of other atherosclerotic diseases. Then we measured their ABI by measuring the systolic blood pressures of both ankles and arms and then calculated. After gathering data, we analyzed the data by SPSS 9.0 software for descriptive analysis, linear regression analysis and correlation studies. Results: We found that mean of ABI in general population was 1.06 [p < 0.05] which equal in both sexes. Mean ABI in difference age groups were demonstrated and the lowest mean was mean ABI in the oldest (>70 years). The factors that affected to ABI are age in negative direction, BMI and history of hyperlipidemia in positive direction which together explain ABI 6.9 % [p < 0.05]. The other atherosclerotic diseases such as IHD, MI and CVA correlate with ABI < 0.9 (present of PAD) [p < 0.05]. Conclusion : Our measurement of ABI in general population showed that mean of ABI equal to 1.06. The affecting factors that can explain ABI are aging, BMI and hyperlipidemia. ABI < 0.9 (present of PAD) correlate with IHD or MI and CVA significantly.