Estrategias de aprendizaje y comprensión lectora en estudiantes de educación artística / Learning strategies and reading comprehension in art education students / Estratégias de aprendizagem e compreensão leitora em estudantes de arte-educação

Las estrategias de aprendizaje y la comprensión de lectura representan temas urgentes de revisión en el nivel educativo, lo es dentro de la educación básica y superior; sin embargo, con diferencias específicas, en el ámbito de la educación artística aún han sido poco exploradas. Así pues, los estudiantes de educación superior privilegian los aprendizajes relacionados al fortalecimiento de su talento o actividad artística de diversas manifestaciones artístico culturales, a la par que reciben una educación integral que permita la contribución con su perfil de egreso (pedagogos del arte). Esta situación ha determinado que se describa la relación entre dos variables de investigación para tomar acción educativa en este grupo de estudio en particular. El alcance correlacional, dentro de lo cuantitativo, ha servido para que, con la aplicación de dos instrumentos: una escala de estrategias de aprendizaje (ACRA) y una prueba que mide el nivel de comprensión lectora en 64 alumnos de arte en educación superior, se concluya que no existe relación (p ≥ 0,05) entre estas. Esto es estadísticamente significativo con un p-valor = ,617. En tal sentido, los estudiantes, si bien reciben el aprendizaje de las estrategias, no tienen relación con el desarrollo de su competencia lectora dada su escasa práctica.

Learning strategies and reading comprehension represent urgent review issues at the educational level, it is within basic and higher education; however, with specific differences, in the field of artistic education they have still been little explored. Thus, higher education students privilege learning related to strengthening their talent or artistic activity of various cultural artistic manifestations, while receiving a comprehensive education that allows the contribution to their graduation profile (art pedagogues). This situation has determined that the relationship between two research variables is described in order to take educational action in this particular study group. The correlational scope, within the quantitative, has served so that, with the application of two instruments: a scale of learning strategies (ACRA) and a test that measures the level of reading comprehension in 64 art students in higher education, conclude that there is no relationship (p ≥ 0.05) between them. This is statistically significant with a p-value = .617. In this sense, the students, although they receive the learning of the strategies, are not related to the development of their reading competence given their little practice.

Estratégias de aprendizagem e compreensão de leitura representam questões urgentes de revisão no nível educacional, seja na educação básica e superior; porém, com diferenças específicas, no campo da educação artística ainda são pouco exploradas. Assim, os estudantes do ensino superior privilegiam as aprendizagens relacionadas com o reforço do seu talento ou atividade artística de diversas manifestações artísticas culturais, ao mesmo tempo que recebem uma formação integral que permite contribuir para o seu perfil de formação (pedagogos da arte). Essa situação determinou que a relação entre duas variáveis de pesquisa seja descrita para a ação educativa nesse grupo de estudo específico. O escopo correlacional, dentro do quantitativo, serviu para que, com a aplicação de dois instrumentos: uma escala de estratégias de aprendizagem (ACRA) e um teste que mede o nível de compreensão leitora em 64 estudantes de arte do ensino superior, concluímos que há nenhuma relação (p ≥ 0,05) entre eles. Isso é estatisticamente significativo com um valor de p = 0,617. Nesse sentido, os alunos, embora recebam o aprendizado das estratégias, não se relacionam com o desenvolvimento de sua competência leitora dada sua pouca prática.

Estrategias de aprendizaje y comprensión lectora en estudiantes de educación artística

Las estrategias de aprendizaje y la comprensión de lectura representan temas urgentes de revisión en el nivel educativo, lo es dentro de la educación básica y superior; sin embargo, con diferencias específicas, en el ámbito de la educación artística aún han sido poco exploradas. Así pues, los estudiantes de educación superior privilegian los aprendizajes relacionados al fortalecimiento de su talento o actividad artística de diversas manifestaciones artístico culturales, a la par que reciben una educación integral que permita la contribución con su perfil de egreso (pedagogos del arte). Esta situación ha determinado que se describa la relación entre dos variables de investigación para tomar acción educativa en este grupo de estudio en particular. El alcance correlacional, dentro de lo cuantitativo, ha servido para que, con la aplicación de dos instrumentos: una escala de estrategias de aprendizaje (ACRA) y una prueba que mide el nivel de comprensión lectora en 64 alumnos de arte en educación superior, se concluya que no existe relación (p ≥ 0,05) entre estas. Esto es estadísticamente significativo con un p-valor = ,617. En tal sentido, los estudiantes, si bien reciben el aprendizaje de las estrategias, no tienen relación con el desarrollo de su competencia lectora dada su escasa práctica.

Learning strategies and reading comprehension represent urgent review issues at the educational level, it is within basic and higher education; however, with specific differences, in the field of artistic education they have still been little explored. Thus, higher education students privilege learning related to strengthening their talent or artistic activity of various cultural artistic manifestations, while receiving a comprehensive education that allows the contribution to their graduation profile (art pedagogues). This situation has determined that the relationship between two research variables is described in order to take educational action in this particular study group. The correlational scope, within the quantitative, has served so that, with the application of two instruments: a scale of learning strategies (ACRA) and a test that measures the level of reading comprehension in 64 art students in higher education, conclude that there is no relationship (p ≥ 0.05) between them. This is statistically significant with a p-value = .617. In this sense, the students, although they receive the learning of the strategies, are not related to the development of their reading competence given their little practice.

Estratégias de aprendizagem e compreensão de leitura representam questões urgentes de revisão no nível educacional, seja na educação básica e superior; porém, com diferenças específicas, no campo da educação artística ainda são pouco exploradas. Assim, os estudantes do ensino superior privilegiam as aprendizagens relacionadas com o reforço do seu talento ou atividade artística de diversas manifestações artísticas culturais, ao mesmo tempo que recebem uma formação integral que permite contribuir para o seu perfil de formação (pedagogos da arte). Essa situação determinou que a relação entre duas variáveis de pesquisa seja descrita para a ação educativa nesse grupo de estudo específico. O escopo correlacional, dentro do quantitativo, serviu para que, com a aplicação de dois instrumentos: uma escala de estratégias de aprendizagem (ACRA) e um teste que mede o nível de compreensão leitora em 64 estudantes de arte do ensino superior, concluímos que há nenhuma relação (p ≥ 0,05) entre eles. Isso é estatisticamente significativo com um valor de p = 0,617. Nesse sentido, os alunos, embora recebam o aprendizado das estratégias, não se relacionam com o desenvolvimento de sua competência leitora dada sua pouca prática.

Observation of sweating rate and temperature variation in arteriosclerosis obliterans patients / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective To investigate the evaluative meaning of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)sweat detector and temperature detector to atheriosclerosis obliterans (ASO).Methods 68 limb plantar of ASO patients and 20 left plantar of healthy subjects were tested by TCM sweat detector and temperature detector to observe the differences of sweating rate and temperature between the two groups.Results ①Sweating rate and temperature of ASO patients' limb plantar showed different graphic morphology from that of healthy control group.The sweating rate of patients was worse than that of healthy subjects in responding to external stimuli.②ASO patients'limb plantar baseline values of the sweating rate and temperature were lower than that of healthy subjects,and the result was statistical significant (P＜0.01).Conclusion Data obtained from TCM sweat detector and temperature detector can be used to distinguish ASO patients from healthy people.

Diagnóstico de miastenia gravis en perros / Miastenia gravis diagnostic in dogs

La miastenia gravis (MG) es una enfermedad neuromuscular de causa autoinmune, en la que es importante realizar un diagnóstico clínico y bioquímico oportuno para instaurar la terapéutica adecuada que cambiará la calidad y expectativa de vida de los caninos. En el presente trabajo se describen los métodos diagnósticos habitualmente utilizados y el tratamiento de treinta y dos caninos con sospecha de MG, y se propone la administración de bromuro de piridostigmina como una herramienta más, útil en el diagnóstico de la MG canina.

Miastenia Gravis is a neuromuscular disease caused by autoantibodies. Early Clinical and biochemical diagnosis and treatment is demanded in the assurement of quality and time of life in all dogs. In this study we describe the conventional diagnosis methods and therapy in 32 dogs with suspected myasthenia gravis and propose the administration of bromide of piridostigmin as another usefull diagnosis method in dogs.

Miastenia gravis juvenil / Juvenile myasthenia gravis

La miastenia gravis juvenil (MGJ) es un trastorno crónico auto inmune en el cual existen anticuerpos séricos que al unirse a los receptores de acetilcolin nicotínicos de la membrana muscular de la placa motora alteran la transmisión neuromuscular. El resultado es fatiga muscular precoz con progresión a la parálisis durante estados de contracción muscular iterativos (movimientos) o sostenidos (posturas) y más raramente parálisis permanente durante el reposo. Los músculos inervados por los nervios craneales, especialmente los extraoculares y elevadores de los párpados, tienen más tendencia a la debilidad muscular persistente que los inervados por otros pares craneales y las extremidades. Las formas clínicas de presentación son generalizadas, oculares y respiratorias. El diagnóstico se sospecha mediante la anamnesia, la fatiga anormal se comprueba mediante el examen físico y la estimulación eléctrica iterativa del nervio que inerva al músculo afectado pero no paralizado. Se corrobora mediante la administración de inhibidores de la acetilcolin esterasa (IACE) que al aumentar la cantidad de acetilcolin en la hendidura sináptica, corrigen la fatiga o la debilidad muscular transitoriamente. Se hace el diagnóstico de certeza mediante la demostración sérica de anticuerpos contra los receptores de acetilcolin (ACRA). El tratamiento es a largo plazo sintomático con IACE y etiopatogénico con inmunosupresores, plasmaféresis, gamma globulina endovenosa y timectomía. El curso es crónico. La remisión espontánea o después de tratamiento sintomático o etiopatogénico ocurre entre 1-10 años respectivamente. La mortalidad es prácticamente nula aun durantes las crisis miastenias gracias a la educación de padres, pacientes y público en general sobre el tema, al desarrollo del sistema de respuesta rápida de auxilio domiciliario y las unidades de cuidados intensivos y el empleo de la ventilación asistida profiláctica, plasmaféresis y administración endovenosa de gamma globulina.

Juvenile myasthenia gravis is a chronic autoimmune disorder which occurs when serum antibodies combine with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at the muscle membrane of the motor endplate imparing the neuromuscular transmission. It results in early muscle fatigability with progression to a complete paralysis during repetitive muscle contraction (movements) or steady muscle contraction (postures), and less common persistent paralysis at rest. The cranial nerves, mainly the one innervating the extraoccular and palpebral levator, are the most susceptible to permanent weakness and paralysis at rest. Initial clinical presentations are generalized, ocular and respiratory forms. The diagnosis is suspected through medical history of abnormal fatigability and corroborated by physical examination, repetitive nerve stimulation of an affected but not complete paralyzed muscle, correction of fatigability by the intravenous administration of acetylcholine esterase inhibitors, and by the presence of serum acetylcholine receptors antibodies (ACRA). The long term treatment is symptomatic (acetylcholine inhibitors) and etiopathogenic (immunosupresor drugs, plasmapheresis, intravenous gamma globulin and thymectomy. Spontaneous or post symptomatic and etiopathogenic treatment remissions occur from 1 to 10 years. Fatality is rare but children are at high risk during myasthenia crisis.

Characterization of AcrA gene from Vibrio alginolyticus Strain HY9901 / 微生物学通报

A 460 bp internal fragment of the AcrA gene from Vibrio alginolyticus strain HY9901 was amplified by PCR with designed primers and the unknown flanking sequence of 5 '- and 3 '- ends of the AcrA gene was finally characterized by inverse PCR and nested PCR. Sequence analysis showed the AcrA gene contained 1101 bp ORF encoding 366 amino acids and the deduced amino acid sequence of the precursor from Vibrio alginolyticus strain HY9901 showed significant homology with the putative protein of other Vibrio species. The AcrA shows 76%, 73%, 71% and 70% homology with V.vulnificus strain YJ016, V. parahaemolyticus strain RIMD 2210633, V. splendidus strain 12B01 and V. cholerae O1 biovar eltor str. N16961 respectively.

Miastenia gravis desencadenada por el uso de estatinas: presentación de once casos / Myasthenia gravis precipitated by statin use: presentation of eleven cases

Los inhibidores de 3-hidroxi-3 metil glutaril coenzima A reductasa (estatinas) son eficaces para el descenso de los nivelesde colesterol sérico y, consecuentemente, la prevención de la enfermedad isquémica cardíaca, cerebrovascular y vascularperiférica. Una de las principales limitaciones del uso de estas drogas es la aparición de sintomatología muscular como la elevación de la CK, mialgias, miositis o rabdomiolisis. La miastenia gravis (MG) es una enfermedad autoinmune caracterizada por la presencia de debilidad fluctuante de los músculos voluntarios. La enfermedad se desencadena por el ataque de anticuerpos dirigidos contra los receptores nicotínicosde acetilcolina (ACRA) localizados en la membrana del músculo a nivel de la unión neuromuscular. Existe un número interesante de fármacos que empeoran el curso de la enfermedad o que en algunos casos la "desenmascaran". Recientemente se publicaron casos de pacientes con MG que presentaron exacerbación de su enfermedad con laingesta de estatinas. Presentamos 11 pacientes que comenzaron con síntomas de MG luego de la toma de estas drogas. Seis recibieron atorvastatina (54.5%), tres simvastatina (27.3%) y dos rosuvastatina (18.2%).

3-hydroxi-3 metyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, also known as statins, are effective in reducing plasmaticcholesterol and thus preventing cardiac, cerebral, and peripheral vascular ischemia. One of the main reasons that limit their use is the potential for muscular disorders, such as the increase of plasmatic CK, myalgia, myositis, and rhabdomyolysis. Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of fluctuating voluntary muscle weakness. It is triggered by antibodies directed against nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChR) located at the neuromuscular junction, within the muscle membrane. A number of drugs may either unmask the disease or worsen it when installed. Recent publications have reported on cases of MG who aggravated their condition with the intake of statins. Here, we report on eleven patients who presented symptoms of MG after medication with statins. Six patients received atorvastatin (54.5%), three simvastatin (27.3%), and two rosuvastatin (18.2%).

The Relation between the High-level Resistance to Fluoroquinolones and the Over-expression of the acrA among Quinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli-Quantification of acrA by Using Real time PCR and Northern hybridization / 감염과화학요법

BACKGROUND: Target point mutation of DNA topoisomerase, which is the typical mode of quinolone resistance, cannot explain high level resistance to quinolones. Therefore, many authors looked into over expression of efflux pump as the possibility. After quantificating the arcA mRNA, which controls AcrAB- TolC, the authors tried to find out the difference in the expression of arcA mRNA according to MIC of ciprofloxacin. The authors also tried to determine the usefulness of real time PCR, which is more reproducible and takes less time than preexisting immunoblot assay, through quantification of acrA. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Mutations in topoisomerase (GyrA, ParC) of 20 quinolone resistant E. coli isolates were identified by PCR and direct DNA sequencing. AcrA level was measured by real time PCR. GAPDH of E.coli was used as endogenous control. The expression of acrA was confirmed through northern hybridization method, the results obtained by real time PCR were compared. RESULTS: 1) Topoisomerase mutations were found in all quinolone resistant E. coli strains. 2) AcrA expression in fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli was quantified by using real time PCR. There was no relationship between the ratio of acrA expression to GAPDH and MIC of ciprofloxacin. 3) With Northern hybridization, we compared the band of acrA to that of GAPDH in compactness and area. No difference in the expression according to MIC could be found. 4) The results of AcrA/GAPDH were significantly correlated between the real-time PCR and northern blot (P<0.05, correlation coefficiency 0.98). CONCLUSION: In this study, no relationship between overexpression of AcrA gene and high level fluoroquinolone resistance. Therefore, we assume that mechanism other than AcrAB efflux pump is involved in and contribute to high-level fluoroquinolone resistance. However, the degree of efflux pump expression could be confirmed with real time PCR using acrA mRNA. Therefore, real time PCR could be used in the molecular biologic study on the mechanism of resistance to antibiotics.

The Relation between the High-level Resistance to Fluoroquinolones and the Over-expression of the acrA among Quinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli-Quantification of acrA by Using Real time PCR and Northern hybridization / 감염과화학요법

BACKGROUND: Target point mutation of DNA topoisomerase, which is the typical mode of quinolone resistance, cannot explain high level resistance to quinolones. Therefore, many authors looked into over expression of efflux pump as the possibility. After quantificating the arcA mRNA, which controls AcrAB- TolC, the authors tried to find out the difference in the expression of arcA mRNA according to MIC of ciprofloxacin. The authors also tried to determine the usefulness of real time PCR, which is more reproducible and takes less time than preexisting immunoblot assay, through quantification of acrA. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Mutations in topoisomerase (GyrA, ParC) of 20 quinolone resistant E. coli isolates were identified by PCR and direct DNA sequencing. AcrA level was measured by real time PCR. GAPDH of E.coli was used as endogenous control. The expression of acrA was confirmed through northern hybridization method, the results obtained by real time PCR were compared. RESULTS: 1) Topoisomerase mutations were found in all quinolone resistant E. coli strains. 2) AcrA expression in fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli was quantified by using real time PCR. There was no relationship between the ratio of acrA expression to GAPDH and MIC of ciprofloxacin. 3) With Northern hybridization, we compared the band of acrA to that of GAPDH in compactness and area. No difference in the expression according to MIC could be found. 4) The results of AcrA/GAPDH were significantly correlated between the real-time PCR and northern blot (P<0.05, correlation coefficiency 0.98). CONCLUSION: In this study, no relationship between overexpression of AcrA gene and high level fluoroquinolone resistance. Therefore, we assume that mechanism other than AcrAB efflux pump is involved in and contribute to high-level fluoroquinolone resistance. However, the degree of efflux pump expression could be confirmed with real time PCR using acrA mRNA. Therefore, real time PCR could be used in the molecular biologic study on the mechanism of resistance to antibiotics.