ABSTRACT
Esta pesquisa de caráter qualitativo descritivo busca investigar a representação do Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) de meninos diagnosticados com o transtorno em situações por eles vividas. As principais características do TDAH são: desatenção, hiperatividade e impulsividade; sintomas que costumam afetar o desempenho acadêmico e os relacionamentos familiares e sociais dessas crianças. O diagnóstico geralmente é realizado a partir do relato dos pais e dos professores e de uma avaliação multidisciplinar na área da saúde, mas sem que se ouça a criança durante o processo. Participaram do estudo 20 meninos, com idades entre nove e 11 anos, diagnosticados com TDAH, já em tratamento. Metodologicamente, utilizou-se entrevista semiestruturada e histórias em quadrinhos como instrumentos. Como resultado, nota-se que meninos com TDAH apresentam relacionamentos de amizade positivos; cerca de 95% (n=19), tomam medicamentos para tratamento do TDAH e não possuem uma rotina organizada para suas atividades. A pesquisa nos levou a perceber que, de fato, a criança não participa ativamente do processo de diagnóstico e tratamento do TDAH em nosso meio.
This qualitative and descriptive study aims to investigate what the Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) represents to boys diagnosed with the disorder in the situations they are faced with. The main characteristics of ADHD are: lack of attention, hyperactivity and impulsiveness; symptoms that usually affect the child's academic performance and his social and family relationships. The diagnosis is usually based on the account of parents and teachers and an interdisciplinary evaluation in the health area; however without hearing the child during the process. Twenty boys between the ages of nine and eleven, previously diagnosed with ADHD already under treatment took part in the study. The methodology used included semi-structured interviews and comic strips as instruments. As a result it's possible to observe that boys with ADHD present positive relationships with friends. Around 95% (n=19), take medication for ADHD treatment and do not have an organized routine for their activities. The study shows that, indeed, the child does not take part actively in the process of diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in our context.
Este estudio de carácter cualitativo y descriptivo, tiene como finalidad investigar la representación del Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH) en niños diagnosticados con dicha enfermedad en situaciones vividas por ellos. Las características principales del TDAH son: déficit de atención, hiperactividad e impulsividad; síntomas que suelen afectar el desarrollo del aprendizaje, las relaciones familiares y sociales de los niños. El diagnostico por lo general es realizado a partir del relato de los padres, de los docentes y por unaevaluación multidisciplinar en el área de la salud, sin embargo, en todo este procedimiento, los niños no son escuchados. Participaron del estudio veinte niños, con edades entre nueve y once años, diagnosticados con el TDAH que ya se encontraban en tratamiento. Metodológicamente, fue utilizado como instrumentos la entrevista semiestructurada y tanto historietas como tiras cómicas. Como resultado, percibimos que los niños con TDAH presentan relacionamientos con amistades positivas; cerca del 95% (n=19)hacen uso de fármacos para su tratamiento y no poseen una rutina estructurada para sus actividades diarias. Esta investigación expuso que realmente los niños no participan activamente del proceso diagnóstico y tratamiento del TDAH en nuestro ambiente.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity , Child , Diagnosis , TherapeuticsABSTRACT
The aim of this meta-analysis study was to examine the effectiveness of exercise interventions on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) pertaining to cognitive function such as attention and impulsivity in children.ZA comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases including Korean Information Service System, DBpia, Research Information Sharing Service, and National Assembly Library from 1995 to 2014. Search terms included 'ADHD', 'children', 'exercise', 'physical activity', and 'sports'. Standardized mean difference and 95% confidence intervals were calculated, and the heterogeneity of the studies was estimated using Q statistic. That is, these results revealed that effectiveness of exercise groups was higher by approximately 32% compared with control groups.ZEight studies (n=150) satisfied the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis suggested that exercise has a moderate to large effect on core symptoms involved in attention [effect size (ES)=0.93] and impulsivity (ES=0.92) in children with ADHD. The main findings indicate that exercise, based on several types of exercise intervention, appears to be effective for mitigating symptoms such as attention, impulsivity in children with ADHD. From this perspective, exercise might be an effective adjunctive therapy for enhancing the effects of medication in children with ADHD. Future study related to exercise effect on ADHD symptoms is required in order to understand the specific evidence of relationship between exercise and core symptoms.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Impulsive Behavior , Information Dissemination , Information Services , Population CharacteristicsABSTRACT
Objective To compare the differences of event-related potentials (ERP) of left and right cerebral hemispheres and behavioral characteristics in the mental arithmetic practice between ADHD and normal children,and to explore the neural mechanisms of mental arithmetic by ADHD children.Methods ERP and behavioral data of 32 ADHD and 32 normal children in mental arithmetic,to illustrate,simple addition,subtraction and multiplication within 20 were recorded.Results ERP:① The differences of N2 amplitudes in ADHD children 's left and right cerebral hemispheres while doing mental arithmetic,such as,addition,subtraction and multiplication were not statistically significant (addition:(-6.2±7.3) μV,(-6.6± 8.1) pV ; subtraction:(-5.5±6.4) μV,(-5.8± 6.5) μV ; multiplication:(-5.9± 8.2) μV,(-6.0± 8.6) μV ; all P＞0.05).However,normal group's N2 amplitude of left hemisphere(F3) were obviously higher than those of the right hemisphere (F4),considered to be statistically significant difference (addition:(-6.8±4.0) μV,(-5.9±4.3) μV ; subtraction:(-7.5±4.8) μV,(-6.3±4.4) μV ;multiplication:(-6.9±3.7)μV,(-5.7±4.4)pV ; all P＜0.05).② ADHD group's N2 amplitude of subtraction practice was significantly lower than that of addition and multiplication,while normal control group was the opposite.③There were not statistically difference between N2 incubation of left and right hemisphere while addition,subtraction,and multiplication were done (P＞0.05).Behaviorism:① ADHD group's reaction time towards answer making were much longer than those of the normal control group (addition:(983± 183) ms,(833± 164) ms ; subtraction:(1005±160)ms,(859±170)ms;multiphcation:(975±180)ms,(836±175)ms; P＜0.05).② Accurate rate:ADHD group were all lower than those of normal group.Conclusion There were functional limitations of no obviously advantage hemisphere and two hemisphere coordination while ADHD children were performing mental arithmetic,also hmitations in conflicting information processing,decision making,and more obviously in subtraction practice.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the event related potentials(P 2,N 2, P 3 latency and wave altitude) in children with atention deficit hyperactinity disorder(ADHD). Methods ADHD case group was diagnosed by employing ADHD Behavior Screen with DSM Ⅳ and Neuro psychic Examination. The normal control group was confirmed according to sex and age matched design.All the children were evoked ERP with aural oddball paradigm and the data analyzed with SAS 6.12 statistics software.Results In ADHD group, error frequency in counting target stimulant of event related potentials was higher( P