Persistencia de uraco en paciente joven. Reporte de caso / Persistence of urachus in a young patient. Case report

Introducción. Durante el desarrollo embrionario normal, se espera que el denominado uraco o ligamento umbilical mediano se oblitere a las 32 semanas de gestación. Ante una obliteración incompleta surgen las diferentes anomalías, siendo las más frecuentes el quiste y la fístula urinaria umbilical. El objetivo de este artículo fue presentar el caso de una paciente joven, sin comorbilidades, con quiste de uraco. Caso clínico. Mujer indígena de 19 años que consultó por dolor leve en hipogastrio, asociado a síntomas urinarios y distensión abdominal. Se sospechó en primera instancia cólico renal, pero ante hallazgos ecográficos de masa infraumbilical y reactantes de fase aguda elevados, la impresión diagnóstica cambió a sepsis secundaria a absceso intraabdominal. Posterior a tomografía y cistoscopía con calibración uretral se identificó pequeño divertículo en cúpula vesical, que sugirió el diagnóstico de uraco persistente, por lo que la paciente fue llevada a intervención quirúrgica para su resección, con evolución favorable. Discusión. El quiste de uraco es una anormalidad infrecuente, en su mayoría asintomática y generalmente de hallazgo incidental en la población anciana, por lo que se requiere de imágenes y manejo multidisciplinar para su correcto diagnóstico y abordaje. Conclusión. Son pocos los casos de uraco persistente reportados, y mucho menos en el sexo femenino. Dada la posibilidad de complicaciones tardías es importante el seguimiento para su manejo. Este caso se ha controlado de manera ambulatoria por 2 años

Introduction. During normal embryonic development, it is expected that the so-called urachus or median umbilical ligament will be obliterated at 32 weeks of gestation. In the face of incomplete obliteration, the different anomalies of the urachus arise. The most frequent anomaly of the urachus is the cyst followed by the umbilical urinary fistula. The objective of this article was to present the case of a young patient without comorbidities with urachal cyst. Clinical case. A 19-year-old indigenous woman consulted for mild hypogastric pain associated with urinary symptoms and abdominal distension. Renal colic was suspected at first, but due to ultrasound findings of an infraumbilical mass and high acute phase reactants, the diagnostic impression changed to sepsis secondary to an intra-abdominal abscess. After tomography and cystoscopy with urethral calibration, a small diverticulum was identified in the bladder dome, suggesting a diagnosis of persistent urachus, for which the patient was taken to surgery for its resection, with favorable evolution. Discussion. The urachal cyst is a rare abnormality, mostly asymptomatic and usually incidental finding in the elderly population. Imaging and multidisciplinary management are required for its correct diagnosis and approach. Conclusion. There are few reported cases of persistent urachus and much less in females. Given the possibility of late complications, follow-up is important for its management, in this case we have carried out control for 2 years

Actinomicosis pélvica

Introducción: La actinomicosis es una infección bacteriana supurativa crónica, producida por especies de Actinomyces, principalmente Actinomyces israelii. La localización en la pélvica es rara presentando el 3 % de toda la actinomicosis humana. Objetivo: Describir el caso clínico de una paciente que recibió tratamiento quirúrgico y se le diagnosticó actinomicosis pélvica sin asociación con el uso de dispositivos intrauterinos, lo que contribuye al conocimiento actual sobre una enfermedad poco frecuente. Caso clínico: Paciente femenina de 22 años de edad, color de la piel blanca, recibió tratamiento quirúrgico urgente por presentar como diagnóstico preoperatorio un absceso tubo-ovárico. Con la aplicación de anestesia general orotraqueal se realizó laparotomía exploradora, salpingooforectomía izquierda y lavado profuso de la cavidad abdominal sin complicaciones y se confirmó por el departamento de Anatomía Patológica el diagnóstico de actinomicosis pélvica. Cumplió tratamiento antimicrobiano por cuatro semanas y siete meses después de la intervención quirúrgica, se mantuvo asintomática. Conclusiones: La actinomicosis pélvica se debe sospechar en toda paciente con dolor crónico pelviano. Se manifiesta excepcionalmente en mujeres sin antecedente de ser portadoras de dispositivos intrauterinos. La presentación clínica es típicamente insidiosa por lo cual el diagnóstico con frecuencia se hace de forma tardía. Un alto índice de sospecha y una actitud diagnóstica activa son fundamentales para un tratamiento oportuno, seguro y eficaz.

Introduction: Actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative bacterial infection, produced by Actinomyces species, mainly Actinomyces israelii. Pelvic localization is extremely rare with 3% of all human actinomycosis. Objective: To describe the clinical case of a patient who received surgical treatment and was diagnosed with pelvic actinomycosis without association with the use of intrauterine devices, which contributes to current knowledge about a rare disease. Clinical case: A 22-year-old white female patient, received urgent surgical treatment for presenting as a preoperative diagnosis a tube-ovarian abscess. With the application of general orotracheal anesthesia, exploratory laparotomy, left salpingo oophorectomy and profuse washing of the abdominal cavity were performed without complications and the diagnosis of pelvic actinomycosis was confirmed by the Department of Pathological Anatomy. She completed antimicrobial treatment for four weeks and seven months after surgery, she remained asymptomatic. Conclusions: Pelvic actinomycosis is a disease that should be suspected in all patients with chronic pelvic pain, being an exceptional entity, in women with no history of being carriers of intrauterine devices. The clinical presentation is typically insidious so the diagnosis is often delayed. A high level of suspicion and an active diagnostic attitude are essential for timely, safe and effective treatment.

Fístula colovesical secundaria a diverticulitis complicada: tratamiento laparoscópico. Reporte de caso / Colovesical fistula secondary to complicated diverticulitis, laparoscopic treatment. A case report

Resumen Introducción: La fístula colovesical es la unión entre la vejiga y el intestino grueso, se presenta en el 2% de los pacientes con enfermedad diverticular del colon, genera síntomas como neumaturia y fecaluria, asociados a infecciones urinarias recurrentes. Los pacientes se diagnostican mediante estudios imagenológicos y su tratamiento generalmente es quirúrgico. Objetivo: Reportar el caso de tratamiento laparoscópico de paciente con fístula colovesical secundaria a diverticulitis complicada. Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 69 años, con antecedente de enfermedad diverticular, cursando con infección de vías urinarias recurrentes, fecaluria y neumaturia. La cistoscopia no mostró trayecto fistuloso y la tomografía abdominopélvica mostró hallazgos inflamatorios y fístula colovesical asociada a diverticulitis complicada. Durante procedimiento laparoscópico se encuentra absceso pericólico sin evidencia del trayecto fistuloso, se realizó drenaje, sutura del colon e interposición del epiplón, sin resección intestinal. Paciente con adecuada evolución postoperatoria con egreso al sexto día. El objetivo del tratamiento quirúrgico se centra en el control de complicaciones generadas por los divertículos, en este caso, la fístula colovesical. Conclusiones: El procedimiento laparoscópico es de mínima invasión, no presenta la morbilidad que implica una resección de colon o una colostomía y se asocia con una recuperación funcional más rápida.

Abstract Introduction: The colovesical fistula is a junction between the urinary bladder and the large intestine. It occurs in 2% of patients with diverticular disease of the colon and generates symptoms such as pneumaturia and fecaluria associated with recurrent urinary tract infections. The patients are diagnosed by imaging studies and their treatment is usually surgical. Objective: To report the laparoscopic treatment administered to a patient that presented a case of colovesical fistula secondary to severe diverticulitis. Case report: The case of a 69-year-old male patient with a medical record of diverticular disease, who presented recurrent urinary tract infection, fecaluria, and pneumaturia is presented. The cystoscopy procedure showed no signs of anal fistula, and the abdominopelvic tomography showed signals of inflammations and colovesical fistula associated with complicated diverticulitis. During the laparoscopic procedure, a pericolic abscess was found without evidence of anal fistula. Drainage and suture of the colon and omentum interposition were performed without presenting intestinal resection. The patient had an adequate postoperative recovery and was discharged on the sixth day. The aim of this surgical treatment is focused on the control of medical complications caused by diverticulitis, in this case, colovesical fistula. Conclusions: This procedure is minimally invasive, and it is associated with a faster functional recovery since it does not present the morbidity of a colon resection or colostomy.

An unexpected pathogen causing multiple intra-abdominal abscesses in an immunocompetent patient / Un patógeno inesperado como causa de múltiples abscesos intrabdominales en un paciente inmunocompetente

Abstract Streptococcus constellatus is a member of the group now called Streptococcus anginosus. This microorganism is part of the normal oropharyngeal, gastrointestinal and genitourinary microbiota. However, it may cause serious infections such as pharyngitis, bacteremia and invasive pyogenic infections in immunocompromised patients. We report the first case in Colombia of an adult male with no relevant medical history and with an unusual presentation of infection by S. constellatus and whose laboratory results showed an important systemic inflammatory response and radiographic evidence of abdominal involvement with poor response to medical and surgical management. Since there are few reports in international medical journals about intra-abdominal infection by S. constellatus and taking into consideration the need of a multidisciplinary intervention, this report may be of interest for both clinical and surgical practitioners.

Resumen Streptococcus constellatus es un miembro del grupo ahora llamado Streptococcus anginosus. Este microorganismo es parte de la microbiota orofaríngea, gastrointestinal y genitourinaria normal. Sin embargo, puede causar infecciones graves como faringitis, bacteriemia e infecciones piógenas invasivas en pacientes inmunocomprometidos. Presentamos el primer caso en Colombia de un hombre adulto sin antecedentes médicos relevantes y con una presentación inusual de infección por S. constellatus, dada por una gran respuesta inflamatoria sistémica y evidencia radiográfica de afectación abdominal con mala respuesta al tratamiento médico y quirúrgico. Dado que hay pocos informes en revistas médicas internacionales sobre la infección intraabdominal por S. constellatus y teniendo en cuenta la necesidad de intervenciones multidisciplinarias, este reporte puede ser de interés tanto para los médicos clínicos como para los quirúrgicos.

Compromiso hepatoesplénico, un hallazgo inusual secundario a enfermedad por arañazo de gato: a propósito de un caso / Hepato-splenic involvement, an unusual finding secondary to cat-scratch disease: a clinical case

La infección por Bartonella henselae (BH) que causa la enfermedad por arañazo de gato puede cursar de manera asintomática, así como presentar manifestaciones locales y sistémicas. El objetivo de este caso es documentar que el compromiso hepatoesplénico es poco habitual en este tipo de infección y el tratamiento, que debe ser personalizado, aún genera controversia. Se presenta un caso de una paciente de 11 años con fiebre de origen de desconocido con hallazgos en tomografía y ecografía abdominal de abscesos hepatoesplénicos, y confirmación de infección por BH a través de métodos serológicos. Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica donde se evidencia la baja frecuencia de compromiso hepatoesplénico. De esta manera, la anamnesis y el examen físico son fundamentales para realizar un rápido diagnóstico y tratamiento

The infection by Bartonela henselae (BH), the cause of cat scratch disease, it could be asymptomatic or produce local and multisystem illness. The objective of this case report is to document that the hepato-splenic involvement is unusual in BH infection, and the treatment is discussed and individualized in each patient. This case is about an eleven-year girl who presented with findings in abdominal tomography and ultrasound of hepato-splenic abscesses, with later positive serology for BH. In this way, a bibliographic review is carried out to show the low prevalence and incidence of hepato-splenic involvement where the anamnesis and the physical examination are essential to make an early diagnosis and treatment.

Spectrum of elective pancreatic surgeries with short term outcomes at a tertiary hospital in North India

Background: Pancreatic surgeries have undergone substantial changes over the last few decades and are now being attempted by many surgeons not limited to specialised centres. The study has attempted to document the indications for elective pancreatic surgeries and its outcomes in terms of morbidity and mortality.Methods: This observational study included 42 patients over a period of 12 months. The data were recorded in a predesigned proforma to assess the indication for elective pancreatic surgery, to describe the number and kind of pancreatic operation undertaken and to evaluate the short-term outcome of various pancreatic surgeries in terms of complications, morbidity and mortality.Results: Authors studied 42 patients, who underwent the elective pancreatic surgeries for various indications in hospital. Histopathological studies revealed that the majority (50%) were carcinoma of the head of pancreas. Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) was done in all the sixteen cases. The most important complications of PD were delayed gastric emptying (DGE) (50%), surgical site infection (SSI) (43.7%), post pancreatic haemorrhage (PPH) (31%), post-operative pancreatic fistula (POPF) (25%) and intra-abdominal abscess (IAA) (12.5%). Of the 26 patients operated for benign conditions of pancreas, 19 (73%) had pancreatic pseudocyst, in majority of cases as a sequela of alcohol induced pancreatitis. Partington Rochelle procedure was the commonest surgical procedure in chronic pancreatitis.Conclusions: Carcinoma of head of pancreas was the most common periampullary malignancy necessitating major pancreatic resections. DGE, POPF and PPH were the most common and significant post-operative complications.

Multi-slice CT in differential diagnosis of female periappendiceal abscess and right salpingotubo-ovarian abscess in women / 中国介入影像与治疗学

Objective: To observe the value of multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) in differential diagnosis of female periappendiceal abscess and right tubo-ovarian abscess in women. Methods: MSCT data of 42 female patients with peri-appendicular abscess and 35 cases of right tubo-ovarian abscess confirmed by surgical pathology were retrospectively analyzed. The differences of preoperation CT imaging features were compared between the two groups. Results: The incidence rates of free pelvic fluid, the thickness of the cecal wall, fat stranding around the appendix and/or cecum, fluid accumulation around the cecum, the thickness of the appendix wall > 3 mm, the appendix diameter > 6 mm, mass in the appendix area, anteriorly movement of the broad ligament of the uterus, extraluminal gas, appendix fecal stones, peri-ovarian fat stranding, the right ovarian mass, the thickness of the sacral uterine ligament, tube-shaped lesions and the comorbidity of left tubo-ovarian abscess were significantly different (all P 0.05). Conclusion: MSCT can display characteristic features of female peri-appendicular abscess and right tubo-ovarian abscess, and facilitate the differentiation of these two diseases.

Short-course versus long-course antibiotic therapy for complicated appendicitis: A meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the efficacy of short-course versus longcourse antibiotic therapy among patients undergoing appendectomy for complicated appendicitis.@*METHODS@#The authors conducted an electronic search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EBSCOHost for studies from 2000 to January, 2000 to September, 2018 comparing short-course versus long-course antibiotic therapy in adults undergoing appendectomy for complicated appendicitis. The outcomes considered were the incidence of superficial surgical site infection and intra-abdominal abscess, and duration of hospital stay. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager software.@*RESULTS@#A total of 360 patients in two studies were analyzed. Superficial surgical site infection was identified in 5 out of 123 patients in the short-course antibiotic group (4%), and 5 out of 237 patients in the long-course antibiotic group (2.1%) (95% CI 0.38, 5.51, p=0.58). There was a decrease in the incidence of intra-abdominal abscess in the short-course antibiotic group (6.5%), but the difference was not statistically significant (95% CI 0.32, 1.77, p=0.52). The duration of hospital stay was significantly less in the short-course antibiotic group (3.95 days) compared to the long-course antibiotic group (4.6 days) (95% CI -0.66, -0.21; p<0.001). @*CONCLUSION@#No difference between the <5-day and ≥5-day antibiotic course in terms of surgical site infection and intra-abdominal abscess was detected. However, the hospital stay of the <5-day group was shorter.

Prevalence of organ-space surgical site infections after appendectomy for ruptured appendix in children / Prevalencia de la infección del sitio operatorio órgano-espacio en apendicitis perforada en niños

Abstract Introduction: Appendicitis can be classified as non-perforated and perforated; based on such classification, the reported organ-space surgical site infection (OS-SSI) rate is 0.8% and 18%, respectively. Objective: To establish the prevalence of OS-SSI in patients with perforated appendicitis treated in a pediatric hospital in 2012. Materials and methods: Retrospective, observational and descriptive study conducted at Fundación Hospital Pediátrico La Misericordia, with a random sample of200 patients, ofwhich 160 met the inclusion criteria. Results: 20 patients (12.5%) presented with OS-SSI and all of them received antibiotic treatment; 70% did not require abscess drainage. Patients ≥8 years of age had 5 times more abscesses than younger ones (17.6% vs. 3.4%). OS-SSI was found in 33% of patients with free fecalith and in 50% of the patients who required postoperative management at the ICU vs. 9.5% of the patients who received management in the intermediate care unit and the inpatient hospital floors. The total rate of surgical site infection was 24.3% (11.8% superficial, 0% deep and 12.5% organ-space). Conclusions: The prevalence of OS-SSI found here is lower than what has been reported in the literature. Being 8 years or older and having free fecalith are risk factors to develop this type of infection. The higher frequency of OS-SSI in patients treated at the ICU during the post-operative period observed here suggests that this condition may be associated with septic shock.

Resumen Introducción. La apendicitis se clasifica en no perforada y perforada; de acuerdo a esta clasificación, la tasa de infección del sitio operatorio órgano-espacio (ISO-OE) es de 0.8% y 18%, respectivamente. Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de ISO-OE en pacientes con apendicitis perforada en un hospital pediátrico en 2012. Materiales y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo y observacional descriptivo de corte transversal. La muestra fue aleatoria y de 200 pacientes, 160 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Resultados. Los 20 pacientes (12.5%) que presentaron ISO-OE recibieron manejo antibiótico; 70% no requirió drenaje de colección. Los pacientes ≥8 años presentaron 5 veces más ISO-OE (17.6% vs. 3.4%). El 33% de los pacientes con fecalito en cavidad y el 50% que se hospitalizó en post-operatorio inmediato en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) desarrollaron ISO-OE versus 9.5% de los pacientes atendidos en la unidad de cuidados intermedios y pisos. El total de ISO fue 24.3%: 11.8% superficial, 0% profunda y 12.5% de órgano-espacio. Conclusiones. La prevalencia de ISO-OE encontrada es menor a la reportada en la literatura. La edad ≥8 años y el fecalito en cavidad son factores de riesgo para desarrollar este tipo de infección. La mayor frecuencia de ISO-OE en pacientes manejados en el posoperatorio en UCI sugiere que esta condición puede estar asociada con el choque séptico.

Adjuvant urokinase: percutaneous drainage of post lower segment cesarean section intra-abdominal abscess

The mortality in abdominal abscess is high, however the outcome has improved due to advances in image guided percutaneous interventional techniques. The main indications for the catheter drainage include treatment or palliation of sepsis associated with an infected fluid collection, and alleviation of the symptoms that may be caused by fluid collections by virtue of their size, and site.  The single abscesses may be drained with ultrasound guidance only, whereas the multiple abscesses usually require computed tomography (CT) guidance and placement of multiple catheters.  Percutaneous drainage provides an effective and safe alternative to more invasive surgical drainage but the success rate is lower for abscesses that have septa and are multilocular. Several clinical and in vitro studies suggest urokinase may be useful in such cases. To the knowledge, however, there has been no case of post LSCS intra-abdominal abscess in which intracavitary urokinase was administered. Therefore, we report a case of post LSCS multiseptated intra-abdominal abscess occurring in a 21-year-female. Conventional percutaneous tube drainage failed, but the use of transcatheter intracavitary urokinase was successful.  Our results showed no significant change in hematologic studies and no bleeding complications. Intracavitary urokinase can be given safely during percutaneous drainage of an abscess, with no associated bleeding complications or changes in coagulation parameters.

Manejo del drenaje percutáneo guiado por imágenes en un hospital de tercer nivel / Management of imaging guided percutaneous drainage at a third level of care Colombian hospital

Introducción. El drenaje percutáneo de las colecciones intraabdominales, guiado por ultrasonografía o por tomografía computadorizada, ha sido el tratamiento de elección para los abscesos abdominales o pélvicos, entre otros. Objetivo. Describir la experiencia en el manejo percutáneo de colecciones abdominales en pacientes del Hospital Universitario San José de Popayán entre octubre de 2014 y abril de 2016. Materiales y métodos. Se trata de una serie de casos de 79 pacientes a quienes se les hizo manejo intervencionista de colecciones abdominales por medio de cirugía percutánea guiada por imágenes, los cuales cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. El análisis estadístico se hizo con el programa SPSS Statistics™. Resultados. Se realizaron 106 procedimientos percutáneos para drenar diferentes colecciones intraabdominales. La intervención más frecuente fue el drenaje de colecciones hepáticas (32,1 %), en su mayoría, abscesos hepáticos, seguida del drenaje de abscesos posquirúrgicos de cirugías abiertas o laparoscópicas. Conclusiones. Las técnicas intervencionistas en manos de un cirujano entrenado son un tratamiento eficaz y seguro para las diferentes colecciones intraabdominales. El procedimiento fue exitoso en el 99 % de los pacientes de la presente serie

Introduction: Percutaneous drainage of intraabdominal collections guided by ultrasonography or computerized axial tomography has been the treatment of choice for the management of abdominal or pelvic abscesses. Objective: To describe the experience with the percutaneous ultrasonography-guided drainage of abdominal collections in patients at the San José University Hospital in Popayán, Colombia, in the period October 2014 and April 2016. Materials and methods: This is a case series of 79 patients who underwent interventional management of abdominal collections by a percutaneous procedure guided by images; all patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The statistical analysis was carried out with the SPSS Statistics program. Results: 106 percutaneous procedures were performed for drainage of different intra-abdominal collections. The most frequent intervention was the drainage of hepatic collections (32.1%), mostly hepatic abscesses, followed by drainage of postoperative abscesses following open or laparoscopic surgery. Conclusions: The management of interventional techniques in the hands of the trained surgeon is an effective and safe method for the treatment of different intra-abdominal collections. The procedure was successful in 99% of the patients

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Transgastric Drainage of an Intra-Abdominal Abscess following Gastrectomy

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided transgastric drainage has been performed as a less invasive procedure for pancreatic fistulas and intra-abdominal abscesses occurring after surgery in recent years. However, there are no reports of EUS-guided transgastric drainage of intra-abdominal abscesses following gastrectomy. This case report describes 2 patients who developed an intra-abdominal abscess following gastrectomy and underwent EUS-guided transgastric drainage. Both patients underwent laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy with Billroth-I reconstruction for gastric cancer. The intra-abdominal abscesses were caused by postoperative pancreatic fistula that developed following gastrectomy. One patient underwent naso-cystic drainage and the other underwent only a needle puncture of the abscess cavity. EUS-guided drainage was performed safely and effectively, although 1 patient developed gastroduodenal anastomotic leakage related to this procedure. In summary, EUS-guided transgastric drainage is safe and technically feasible even in post-gastrectomy patients. However, it is necessary to be careful if this procedure is performed in the early period following gastrectomy.

Current management of spontaneous intra-abdominal abscess in Crohn's disease / Tratamento atual de abscesso intra-abdominal espontâneo na doença de Crohn

ABSTRACT Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic transmural disease process with approximately 10% of patients developing spontaneous intra-abdominal abscess during the first 5 years after the diagnosis. The symptoms are often nonspecific. The treatment modalities include the use of wide-spectrum antibiotics, imaging-guided percutaneous drainage (PD) and surgical drainage with or without resection. The best initial treatment strategy has not been settled controversial, as there are only retrospective studies with small sample sizes available in the literature. The majority of the patients would eventually need surgery. However a highly selected patient population with small abscess in the absence of fistulas or bowel strictures, especially those naive to immunomodulators or biologics, may respond to medical treatment alone with wide-spectrum antibiotics. The increased use of PD drainage in the last few years has been shown to reduce postoperative morbidities and risk of fecal diversion, allowing for subsequent elective surgery. Varied success rates of PD drainage have been reported in the literature. The initial surgical intervention of CD-related spontaneous abdominal sepsis is mandatory in patients with diffuse peritonitis due to free perforation. Surgery is also indicated in those with failed initial medical treatment and/or PD. This review article was aimed to evaluate the treatment modalities for spontaneous intra-abdominal abscess in CD patients and propose an algorithm for the best management of this complication.

RESUMO A doença de Crohn (DC) é um processo patológico transmural crônico, em que aproximadamente 10% dos pacientes desenvolvem um abscesso intra-abdominal espontâneo durante os primeiros 5 anos após o diagnóstico. Com frequência os sintomas são inespecíficos. As modalidades terapêuticas são o uso de antibióticos de amplo espectro, drenagem percutânea (DP) orientada por imagem, e drenagem cirúrgica com ou sem ressecção. A melhor estratégia terapêutica inicial ainda não ficou estabelecida e há controvérsias, visto que a literatura conta apenas com estudos retrospectivos com pequenas amostras. Em sua maioria, os pacientes acabarão necessitando de cirurgia. Mas uma população altamente selecionada de pacientes, com pequeno abscesso na ausência de fístulas ou constrições intestinais, especialmente aqueles que jamais foram medicados com imunomoduladores ou agentes biológicos, podem responder exclusivamente ao tratamento clínico com antibióticos de amplo espectro. Foi demonstrado que o uso mais frequente da DP nos últimos anos diminui as morbidades pós-operatórias e o risco de desvio fecal, o que possibilita uma subsequente cirurgia eletiva. Na literatura, têm sido relatados percentuais de sucesso variados com a DP. A intervenção cirúrgica inicial para a sepse abdominal espontânea relacionada à DC é obrigatória em pacientes com peritonite difusa, devido à perfuração livre. Também há indicação cirúrgica naqueles pacientes que não conseguiram obter sucesso com o tratamento clínico inicial e/ou DP. Esse artigo de revisão teve por objetivo avaliar as modalidades terapêuticas para o abscesso intra-abdominal espontâneo em pacientes com DC; além disso, propõe um algoritmo para o melhor tratamento dessa complicação.

Absceso de pared abdominal por tumor maligno de colon transverso / Abdominal wall abscess by malignant colonic tumor

Introducción: el cáncer de colon es uno de los tumores digestivos más frecuentes y mortales. Sus complicaciones pueden ser variadas y en ocasiones tener presentaciones raras o poco frecuentes. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con un absceso de pared abdominal secundario a la perforación de un tumor en colon transverso. Caso clínico: Masculino de 56 años, en estado séptico y una masa en cuadrante superior izquierdo. Se sometió a laparotomía exploradoray se encontró un tumor de colon transverso que penetraba hacía la pared abdominal e invadía el yeyuno proximal y epiplón mayor. Se realizó la resección del tumor, colon transverso y epiplón mayor, dejando márgenes positivos enyeyuno. Discusión y conclusiones: aunque no existe consenso acerca de esta complicación, los casos reportados en la literatura orientan acerca del abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico en caso de enfrentar esta complicación. Sin embargo, el escenario en un hospital de segundo nivel de atención se deben adecuar los recursos disponibles y la terapéutica a emplear, siempre pensando en ofrecer el mejor tratamiento posible para el paciente...(AU)

Introduction: colon cancer is one of the most frequent and mortal digestive tumors. Complications of this disease could be several and in a few cases, could be rare and infrequent. This article present a case of patient with an abdominal wall abscess due to a malignant transverse colonic tumor. Clinic presentation: male 56 years-old patient with sepsis and a mass in left superior quadrant on abdomen. The patient was underwent to exploratory laparotomy and findings were a large tumor in transverse colon with penetrance to abdominal wall, invasion to proximal jejunum, and greater omentum. Resection of tumor, transverse colon and greater omentum was done, leaving macroscopic margins on jejunum. Discussion and conclusions: it does not exist a consensus about this complication, but case reports in literature could orientate about diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. However, in second health level care hospitals, doctors must adapt resources to use the best therapeutic for these patients, always thinking in the best treatment for every patient...(AU)

Absceso hepático piógeno en pediatría: experiencia en un centro pediátrico de referencia / Pyogenic liver abscess in children: clinical experience in a pediatric reference center

Introduction: Liver abscess is a serious and an uncommon pediatric disease. Objective and Method: Description of 20 pediatric patients with liver abscess admitted in "Ricardo Gutierrez" Children’s Hospital, a Tertiary Reference Center of Buenos Aires, between 2009 and 2015. Results: The hospitalization rate was 35/100.000 admissions. Median age was 5 years old, male/female ratio 4/1. Five patients (25%) had predisposing factors. Median days at diagnosis were 12. Features: Fever 100%, prolonged fever 60%, abdominal pain 50%. The majority had leukocytosis and elevated CRP (median 160 mg/L). Liver enzymes were elevated in only 40% of patients. Ultrasonography detected 90%. A single abscess was observed in 60%; localized at right hepatic lobe, 65%. Purulent material was positive in 12/17 (70%) and bacteremia was present in 3/20 (15%). Wide empirical antibiotic therapy was used. Treatment shift was needed in four patients. The median days of intravenous antibiotics were 30 and the median of total treatment were 53. Surgical procedures were performed in 13/20 (65%). Conclusion: Community-acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) was the most frequent pathogen, especially in healthy children that associated skin or respiratory illness. Appropriate antibiotic treatment and eventual drainage allows good outcome without sequela or deaths.

Resumen Introducción: El absceso hepático es una patología infrecuente en pediatría. Objetivo y Métodos: Describir las características de 20 pacientes ingresados entre 2009-2015 en el Hospital de Niños "R. Gutiérrez", Centro de Referencia de Nivel T erciario de Buenos Aires, Argentina con diagnóstico de absceso hepático. Resultados: La tasa de hospitalización fue 35/100.000 admisiones. La mediana de edad fue 5 años, relación masculino/femenino: 4/1. Cinco pacientes tuvieron factores predisponentes. La mediana de duración de la enfermedad al diagnóstico fue de 12 días. Todos los pacientes presentaron fiebre, 60% síndrome febril prolongado y 50% dolor abdominal. La mayoría tenía leucocitosis y PCR elevada (mediana 160 mg/L). Sólo 40% tuvo alteración de pruebas hepáticas. En 90% de los casos el diagnóstico se realizó por ecografía, 65% estaban localizados en el lóbulo derecho; 60% eran lesiones únicas. Hubo aislamiento microbiológico en 12/17 (70%) y en 3/20 (15%) de hemocultivos. Todos recibieron tratamiento antibacteriano empírico de amplio espectro. La mediana de tratamiento antibacteriano intravenoso fue 30 días y en total 53 días. Se realizó drenaje quirúrgico en 13 casos. Todos evolucionaron favorablemente. Conclusión: Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina de la comunidad (SARM-AC) fue el patógeno predominante, especialmente en niños previamente sanos asociados a un foco cutáneo o respiratorio.

Study of technique, advantages and effectiveness of percutaneous drainage of intra-abdominal abscesses

Background: Intra-abdominal abscess remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the patient population. Despite therapeutic advances, it is a perplexing diagnostic and management challenges and remains a dreaded complication of surgery. Materials and methods: Forty eight patients underwent fifty one percutaneous drainage procedures in the Barnard Institute of Radiology at the General Hospital, Chennai. There were 44 men and 7 women. The youngest of the patients was 13 years old and the oldest 56 years old. Results: Of the 51 drainage, 35 were done under CT guidance and 16 under US guidance. Successful drainage of the collection with avoidance of operation was achieved in 43 of the 48 abscesses (89.5%). If the total number of drainages were considered, the success rate was 84.3% (43 out of 51). Conclusion: Percutaneous catheter drainage is an important treatment option for management of intra-abdominal abscesses. It is especially valuable in patients at high risk for general anesthesia. It is also an effective alternative to operative drainage in other healthier patients. Computed tomography is the imaging modality of choice for percutaneous abscess drainage.

Absceso intrabdominal secundario a tuberculosis intestinal en el Hospital General Dolisie de la República del Congo / Intra-abdominal abscess secondary to intestinal tuberculosis in general hospital Dolisie, Republic of Congo

La incidencia de TB intestinal es desconocida, ya que puede ser asintomática y por su naturaleza a menudo resulta en diagnósticos erróneos, por lo que se debe tener un alto índice de sospecha en poblaciones de alto riesgo. Los abscesos intrabdominales en el curso de esta es una complicación poco frecuente, con una incidencia entre 2 y 30 por ciento. Presentamos un paciente masculino de 52 años de edad, con masa abdominal en mesogástrio, asociada a dolor abdominal y pérdida de peso. Se comienza su estudio con Rx. de tórax y ecografía abdominal, el cual reporta masa de 90 x 47 mm en el peritoneo, es intervenido quirúrgicamente y drenado por absceso intrabdominal. Se diagnostica TB intestinal, su evolución fue satisfactoria después de iniciado el tratamiento antituberculoso. Ante un paciente con síntomas de abdomen agudo, es importante realizar un diagnóstico temprano de TB intestinal. Esto evitaría una intervención innecesaria, porque el diagnóstico de la TB intestinal es médico. Si se realiza la intervención, puede confirmarse el diagnóstico mediante las lesiones encontradas; acción que impediría una resección intestinal innecesaria pues el tratamiento antituberculoso resolvería la TB. Generalmente, el diagnóstico se realiza durante una cirugía o por procedimientos invasivos con otros propósitos, por ser esta de difícil diagnóstico clínico y que la irregularidad del tratamiento antituberculoso es un importante factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de complicaciones en la TB intestinal diagnosticada. Esta es altamente efectivo en la resolución de complicaciones de moderada gravedad como la obstrucción intestinal y los abscesos intrabdominales(AU)

The incidence of intestinal tuberculosis is unknown since it may be symptom-free and lead to frequent misdiagnoses, so one should highly suspect of intestinal tuberculosis in high risk populations. The intra-abdominal abscesses are rare complications, with an incidence rate of 2 to 30 percent. Here is the case of a 52 years-old male patient who had an abdominal in her mesogastrium associated to abdominal pain and weight loss. The first testing was thorax X-ray and abdominal ultrasound, which revealed the presence of a 90x74mm mass in the peritoneum. As a result, he was operated on including intrabdominal abscess drainage. The final diagnosis was intestinal tuberculosis, being the recovery satisfactory after the anti-tuberculosis treatment. It is fundamental to make emphasis on the importance of early diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis in patients with acute abdomen symptoms in risk groups since this may avoid surgical treatment. The diagnosis based on macroscopic findings in case of surgical treatment may also avoid unnecessary intestinal resections. Generally speaking, the diagnosis is made during a surgery or by invasive procedures with other purposes since the clinical diagnosis is difficult; irregular anti-tuberculosis treatment is a significant risk factor for the development of complications in diagnosed intestinal tuberculosis. It is highly effective in the resolution of moderate-severity complications such as intestinal obstruction and intra-abdominal abscesse(AU)

Actinomicosis abdominal relacionada a dispositivo intrauterino

Se presentan dos casos de actinomicosis abdominal relacionada a dispositivo intrauterino de 12 y 13 años de uso, sin seguimiento ginecológico, que se presentaron como abdomen agudo quirúrgico no sospechándose el origen bacteriológico en primera instancia.

These are two cases of abdominal actinomycosis associated to intrauterine devices that were used for 12 and 13 years respectively, without gynecological follow-up. The two cases presented as surgical acute abdomen without suspicion of the bacteriological origin at the beginning.

Successful Endosonography-Guided Drainage of an Intra-Abdominal Abscess in a 1-Year-Old Infant

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided intervention has been established as a safe, effective and minimally invasive procedure for various diseases in adults, but there have been limited reports in pediatric patients. Herein, we report our experience with successful EUS-guided drainage of an intra-abdominal abscess in a 1-year-old infant concomitant with disseminated intravascular coagulation. The abscess was punctured via the stomach using a standard, convex-type echoendoscope, and the patient's condition improved after naso-cystic catheter placement. Although the clinical course was complicated by delayed hemorrhage from the puncture site, the bleeding was successfully managed by endoscopic hemostasis using a standard forward-viewing endoscope.

Utilidad de la ecografia en manos del cirujano para el drenaje percutáneo de los abscesos abdominales y pélvicos / Utility of ultrasound in the hands of the surgeon in percutaneous drainage of abdominal and pelvic abscess

Antecedentes: los abscesos o colecciones abdominopélvicas sintomáticas se caracterizan por ser una entidad clínico-quirúrgica de origen multifactorial, aunque casi siempre su etología es posoperatoria. Objetivo: describir la aplicabilidad y eficacia del drenaje percutáneo de colecciones abdominales y pelvianas, bajo guía ecográfica, en un servicio de cirugía. Material y métodos: en un período de 9 años se incluyeron todos los pacientes con colecciones ab-dominopelvianas tratados en forma consecutiva con drenaje percutáneo bajo guía ecográfica, en el Hospital Italiano de Bahía Blanca. Resultados: desde junio de 2003 hasta junio de 2012 se trataron 87 pacientes con colecciones abdomi-nopelvianas sintomáticas; en 79 de ellos el tratamiento fue realizado bajo guía ecográfica; 4 pacientes no fueron incluidos en el estudio debido a que el tratamiento se realizó bajo guía tomográfica, y los restantes 4 fueron descartados porque eran pacientes pediátricos. En 51 (64,5%) de ellos, el origen fue posoperatorio. Treinta y ocho (48,1%) pertenecían al sexo femenino. El promedio de edad fue 55 años (rango 18-92). El drenaje se realizó bajo guía ecográfica y radioscópica en 78 pacientes (98,7%) y en uno el abordaje fue ecográfico y laparoscópico. En 15 pacientes (18,9%) se presentaron complicaciones inherentes al procedimiento: 7 pacientes cursaron con febre, 3 refrieron dolor luego de la intervención (abordaje intercostal), en 3 se constataron equivalentes febriles, en una, celulits, y en otra, fistula de colon. De acuerdo con la Clasificación de Dindo-Clavien: 14 puntos Grado I (93,3%) y 1 punto Grado III B (6,7%). No hubo mortalidad asociada al procedimiento; 7 pacientes (8,8%) fallecieron por causas no relacionadas con este. La técnica fue resolutiva en 70 pacientes (88,6%) y satsfactoria en 74 (94%). Conclusiones: el drenaje percutáneo de las colecciones abdominales y pélvicas bajo guía ecográfica en manos del cirujano fue factble y eficaz, lo que la convierte en una técnica segura con baja morbilidad y nula mortalidad.

Background: abscesses or symptomatic abdominal collectons have multifactorial origin, although in more than 65% of the cases, the etology is postoperative. Objective: to describe the applicability and utility of abdominal and pelvic percutaneous drainage guided by ultrasound in a surgical team. Methods: a series of consecutive patents with ultrasound guided percutaneous drainage of abdominal or pelvic collecton performed during in a 9 year period. Results: from June 2003 to June 2012, 87 procedures were performed, 79 of them guided with ultrasound.The etology was postoperative in 51 patents (64.5%). Thirty eight (48.1 %) were female. Average age was 55 (range 18-92). Drainage was performed under ultrasound and radiology guide in 78 patents (98.7%) and by laparoscopic and ultrasound guide in one patent. Fifeen patents (18.9%) presented morbidity related to the procedure: fever in 7 patents, unusual pain in 3 (all with intercostal drainage), chills and sweating in 3, cellulits in one, and a colonic leak in one. All patents were included into of Dindo-Clavien Classificaton of Surgical Complicatons and the results were: Grade I: 14 patents, Grade IIIb: one patent. There was no mortality related to the procedure; seven patents (8.8%) died because of other causes. The overall success rate was 88.6 % (70 cases), and satsfactory in 94% (74 cases). Conclusions: in surgeons hands, ultrasound guided percutaneous drainage of abdominal and pelvic collectons was a feasible, efective and safe procedure with low morbidity.