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1.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 87(1): 41-50, feb. 2019. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1003248

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: Los adultos mayores representan una población cada vez más numerosa en la práctica clínica. Objetivos: Conocer las características clínicas y evolución de los adultos mayores que se internan por infarto en Argentina. Material y métodos: Se analizaron los pacientes de acuerdo con la edad mayor o menor de 75 años incluidos en el registro ARGEN-IAM-ST. Resultados: De 1714 pacientes ingresados, 233 (13,6%) tenían una edad ≥ 75 años. Se observó en estos una mayor prevalencia de sexo femenino, de hipertensión arterial, menor de tabaquismo y similar de diabetes, dislipidemia, infarto agudo de miocardio de localización anterior y tiempo de evolución al ingreso. Recibieron menos tratamiento de reperfusión y evolucionaron más frecuentemente con insuficiencia cardíaca (el 31% vs. a 14%; p < 0,01), reinfarto (3,9 vs. 1,4%; p = 0,009), sangrado no mayor (7,7% vs. 3,2%, p < 0,002) y muerte (21,5% vs. 6,7%, p < 0,001). Conclusiones: Los adultos mayores con infarto tienen una evolución más tórpida y una mortalidad que triplica la de los pacientes menores de 75 años.


ABSTRACT Background: Older adultis represent a growing population in clinical practice. Objectives: The aim of this study was to learn the clinical characteristics and outcome of older adultis hospitalized with myo-cardial infarction in Argentina. Methods: Patientis included in the ARGEN-IAM-ST registry were analyzed depending on whether they were older or younger than 75 years of age. Resultis: Among the 1,714 patientis included in the registry, 233 (13.6%) were aged 75 years or older. These patientis had greater prevalence of female sex and hypertension and lower incidence of smoking habitis, while the prevalence of diabetes, dyslipidemia, anterior myocardial infarction and time from onset of symptoms was similar. They were less likely to receive reperfusion therapy and progression to heart failure (31% vs. 14%; p <0.01), reinfarction (3.9 vs. 1.4%; p=0.009), minor bleeding (7.7% vs. 3.2%; p <0.002) and mortality (21.5% vs. 6.7%, p <0.001) were more common. Conclusions: Older adultis with myocardial infarction have a more unfavorable outcome and mortality is three times greater than that of patientis <75 years.

2.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 86(4): 10-20, ago. 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1003207

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: El sistema de salud experimenta un creciente interés en cruzar el abismo de calidad. La cirugía de cardiopatías congénitas ha mejorado en resultados y calidad de vida; no obstante tiene riesgo de mortalidad e infección que requieren cuantificación. El objetivo de este trabajo fue cuantificar sus resultados a través del Programa Colaborativo Internacional para Mejoría de Calidad en cirugía de cardiopatías congénitas para mejorar. Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo intervencionista, en Hospital Público Terciario de Niños, Córdoba, Argentina. Se incluyeron pacientes con cirugía de cardiopatías congénitas desde el 1 de enero de 2012 al 31 de diciembre de 2015; se cuan-tificó sexo, edad y peso en cirugía de cardiopatías congénitas, riesgo ajustado a complejidad, porcentaje no ajustado e índices estándar de mortalidad intrahospitalaria e infección estándar (índice observado/índice esperado) con intervalos de confianza del 95% y se comparó con el estándar del Programa Colaborativo para Mejoría de Calidad (1,0 = estándar, < 1= mejoría). Como intervención se introdujeron las guías conductoras: prácticas perioperatorias seguras, control de infección y trabajo en equipo. Resultados: Se efectuaron 373 cirugías de cardiopatías congénitas en 203 varones, 170 mujeres con porcentaje con porcentaje de distribución RACHS-1 : I:28,4%, II:44%, III:24,4% y IV-VI 3,2%. El porcentaje semestral de mortalidad no ajustado fue del 6%, 3%, 8%, 9%, 11%, 0%, 0% y 5%, respectivamente (estándar 4-6%). El índice estándar de mortalidad intrahospitalaria y el intervalo de confianza fueron 0,85 (0,23-2,18), 1,82 (0,79-3,59), 1,07 (0,39-2,34), 0,36 (0,04-1,29), respectivamente. El porcentaje semestral de infección no ajustado fue 24%, 23%, 25%, 14%, 13%, 6%, 9% y 16%, respectivamente (estándar 5-7%). El índice de infección estándar y el intervalo de confianza fueron 1,89 (1,12-2,99), 1,87 (1,17-2,83), 2,0 (1,20-3,12), 1,22 (0,61-2,18). Conclusiones: La implementación del Programa Colaborativo para Mejoría de Calidad en cirugía de cardiopatías congénitas del Hospital Público Terciario de Niños, Córdoba, Argentina contribuyó a cuantificar resultados e introducir la implementación de guías conductoras para mejorarlos. Se logró la reducción en mortalidad, en tanto la infección continúa por mejorar.


ABSTRACT Background: The health care system is undergoing an increasing interest in crossing the quality chasm. Surgery for congenital heart defects has improved in terms of outcomes and quality of life; however, the risk of mortality and infection requires to be quantified. The goal of this study was to quantify the outcomes of surgery for congenital heart diseases following the International Quality Improvement Collaborative (IQIC) for Congenital Heart Disease program. Methods: This observational and interventional study was conducted at a tertiary children's hospital in Cordoba, Argentina. Patients undergoing surgery for congenital heart defects between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2015, were included. The following variables were quantified: sex, age, weight, risk-adjusted congenital heart surgery score, non-adjusted risk, standardized in-hospital mortality ratios and standardized infection ratio (observed rate/expected rate) with their correspond-ing 95% confidence intervals. The results were compared with the IQIC for Congenital Heart Disease program standards (1.0=standardized rates, <1=improvement). The IQIC guidelines based on key drivers -safe perioperative practice, reduction of infections and team-based practice- were implemented as intervention for improvement. Results: A total of 373 surgical procedures for congenital heart defects were performed on 203 male patients and 170 female patients assigned to the following RACHS-1 categories: I: 28.4%, II: 44%, III: 24.4% and IV-VI 3.2%. Non-adjusted mortality rate at 6 months was of 6%, 3%, 8%, 9%, 11%, 0%, 0% and 5%, respectively (standardized rates 4-6%). Standardized in-hospital mortality ratios and their corresponding confidence intervals were 0.85 (0.23-2.18), 1.82 (0.79-3.59), 1.07 (0.39-2.34), and 0.36 (0.04-1.29), respectively. Non-adjusted infection rate at 6 months was of 4%, 23%, 25%, 14%, 13%, 6%, 9% and 16%, respectively (standardized rates 5-7%). Conclusion: The implementation of the International Quality Improvement Collaborative for Congenital Heart Disease program with the use of guidelines based on key drivers in a public tertiary hospital in Cordoba, Argentina, contributed to quantifying and improving the outcomes. While mortality decreased, the rate of infections is still to be improved.

3.
Biosalud ; 16(1): 93-104, ene.-jun. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-888567

ABSTRACT

El lenguaje médico, como todo lenguaje científico, no persigue fines estéticos, creativos, lúdicos ni recreativos como sería el caso del lenguaje literario, sino fines informativos, didácticos y comunicativos. Los epónimos, así como los diferentes tipos de abreviaciones (abreviaturas, siglas y símbolos), han formado parte del lenguaje de la humanidad desde más de una veintena de siglos y son especialmente abundantes en los lenguajes de las especialidades, tanto de la medicina como de otras ciencias. Así como del lenguaje común y popular, estos han formado parte del lenguaje desde tiempos inmemoriales, y son especialmente abundantes en los lenguajes médico-científicos. Normalmente se utilizan como recurso para honrar, ganar tiempo y ahorrar espacio, cuando esté en su contenido se percibe bien, su uso revela notoriamente un ahorro en la comunicación médica; de no emplearlos, en cada caso habría que hacer una exposición o descripción relativamente amplia de la enfermedad o el signo de que se trata. Sin embargo, pueden producir problemas de comunicación entre los profesionales de los diferentes niveles asistenciales, debido a su imprecisión y a su carencia de equivalencia internacional, lo que puede llevar a confundir la realidad que tratan de describir, ya que un mismo término o abreviatura puede tener diferentes significados, lo que puede suscitar interpretaciones erróneas con posibles consecuencias graves. En este artículo se revisan las razones de su existencia que definen su construcción y uso, se describen los problemas de su utilización en la comunicación medico científica en la actualidad.


Medical language, like all scientific language, does not pursue aesthetic, creative, leisure and recreational purposes as would be the case in literary language, but informative, educational and communication purposes. Eponyms and the different types of abbreviations (abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols) have been part of the language of humanity for over twenty centuries and are especially abundant in the languages for both specialties in medicine, and other sciences. On the common and popular language, these elements have been part of the language since ancient times, and are especially abundant in the medical-scientific languages. Normally are used as a resource to honor, to save time and save space, when its content is perceived well, notoriously it reveals a saving in medical communication; not to use them, in each case would have to make a relatively large exposure or description of the disease or of the sign in question. However, they can cause communication problems between professionals of different levels of care, due to their imprecision and their lack of international equivalence, which may lead to confusing the reality they are trying to describe since the same term or abbreviation could have different meanings, which can lead to misinterpretations with potentially serious consequences. This article discusses the reasons for their existence which define their construction and uses, problems of its use in medical scientific communication at present are also described.

4.
Rev Rene (Online) ; 17(2): 208-216, Mar-Abr.2016.
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-790980

ABSTRACT

Avaliar a utilização de abreviaturas nos registros de enfermagem de um hospital de ensino descrevendoseu perfil nos diferentes setores, turnos de trabalho e categorias profissionais de enfermagem. Métodos: estudodocumental analisou 627 registros de enfermagem em 24 prontuários utilizando um roteiro de observaçãosistematizado. Resultados: foram identificadas 1.792 abreviaturas, sendo 35,8% não padronizadas. A incidênciade abreviaturas foi maior na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, utilizadas pelos enfermeiros e no período noturno.Conclusão: abreviaturas fazem parte do cotidiano dos registros de enfermagem. O uso de abreviaturas nãopadronizadas dificulta a compreensão do conteúdo do registro e pode gerar interpretações equivocadas ecolocar em risco a segurança do usuário, além de comprometer a continuidade do trabalho laboral...


Subject(s)
Humans , Abbreviations , Health Communication , Nursing, Team , Nursing Records
5.
J. health inform ; 8(supl.I): 607-612, 2016. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-906547

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÂO, com a finalidade de conheceras opiniões e percepções, este estudo avaliou o impacto que têm um sistema de auto expansão de abreviaturas na satisfação dos usuários em nosso Hospital. MÉTODO, o método foi mixto, com entrevistas semi estruturadas, entre dezembro 2015 e janeiro 2016, onde foram incorporados 7 médicos de diferentes especialidades. Enviou-se previamente o questionário por e-mail e finalmente se realizou um analise descritivo das perguntas. RESULTADOS, a maioria esteve "bastante satisfeita" com a utilidade do aplicativo, mais da metade respondeu que é "bastante fácil" ou "muito fácil" de usar. DISCUSSÃO-CONCLUSÃO, os profissionais consideraram que o uso do aplicativo melhorou a comunicação escrita, diminuiu os erros, favoreceu a compreensão e melhorou o seu trabalho. Vários encontraram significados errados, poucos observaram as mudanças solicitadas nas sugestões. Melhorar o suporte e a qualidade da informação, que limitam o grau de conformidade, aumentaria o nível de satisfação.


INTRODUCTION, in order to know the opinions and perceptions, this study evaluates the user satisfaction and impact of a Synchronous Self-expanding Abbreviation (SSA) system in our Hospital. METHODS, mixed methods research with semi-structured interviews from December 2015 to January 2016, were included for convenience 7 doctors ofdifferent specialties. The survey was previously sent by email and finally a descriptive analysis of the questions was performed. RESULTS, most were "quite satisfied" with the usefulness of the application, more than half said it is " fairly easy" or "very easy" to use. DISCUSSION-CONCLUSION, professionals considered that the use of application improves the written communication, reduces errors, promotes understanding and improves their work. Many users found wrong meanings, few observed the changes requested in the suggestions. Improve support and quality of information, which limit the degree of conformity, would increase the level of satisfaction.


Subject(s)
Humans , Abbreviations as Topic , Electronic Health Records , Data Collection , Retrospective Studies , Congresses as Topic
6.
Educ. med. super ; 15(1): 39-55, ene.-abr. 2001.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-627882

ABSTRACT

Shortening as a word building process has become very productive in present day English. Abbreviations in nursing have also found a way for professional and quick communication. The main goals of this article, based on actual teaching-learning problems, is to provide some practical activities to give the learners opportunities to get acquainted with and practice abbreviations in an effective and communicative way, and to provide a glossary of the most frequently used abbreviations by nurses.


El uso de abreviaturas como proceso de construcción de palabras se ha vuelto muy productivo en el Inglés actual. Las abreviaciones también han encontrado un camino para la comunicación profesional y rápida. Los principales objetivos de este artículo, son proporcionar algunas oportunidades prácticas para brindar a los que aprenden oportunidades de familiarizarse y practicar abreviaturas de una forma eficaz y comunicativa, y proporcionar un glosario de las abreviaturas utilizadas más frecuentemente por las enfermeras.


Subject(s)
Abbreviations as Topic , Education, Nursing/methods , Multilingualism
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