How To Do Critical Appraisal of Any Research Article

In both biomedical research and medical academia, research publications serve a critical role. There are a huge number of research publications published all around the world. However, only a small percentage of them are good and have any research or academic worth. So, properly evaluating published publica-tions has become vital in this circumstance. This article is intended with medical graduates and post-graduates in mind, in order to clarify them how to critically evaluate research publications. It may also be used to write published research articles in an indirect way. A collection of questions is supplied to cover all aspects of a published research paper. To assess the quality of an article, a score system based on the following questions can be established.

Arcane Language of Human Emotions: Envy and Jealousy in Academia

Jealousy and Envy are essential part of human emotions and behavior. In today’s fast-moving world where everyone is in rush to cut-throat competition, it is more important to discuss these emotions than ever before. Jealousy and envy somewhere connected. Jealousy is a practice to defend something that is owned and threatened whereas envy is a tendency to obtain something that does not own by one. Jeal-ousy and envy develop naturally and also test their character by the response they give due to emotional burnout. Sometimes these situations broke and turn healthy competition into a rivalry at cost of long-standing personal relationships. Jealousy and envy include compound emotional experiences during the exercises to acquire or not lose something desirable. The impact of envy and jealousy is not assessed in academia and research area moreover it is important to understand that envy is often hidden in the classroom context, but it must still be discussed.

ASSESSMENT OF CONCENTRATION LEVEL REPORTS: IMPLICATION TO IMPROVE ON HUMAN CONCENTRATION WITH AN ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM/TOOL FOR LEARNERS.

Background: Everyone has a different brain programming some people have a brilliant concentration but some people struggle to focus on things or to pay attention. This, research is focused on the importance of concentration for learners as the previous studies also concluded that higher levels of concentration are vulnerable to distractions. Hence this research is intended to assess the reports generated from the Aimtest tool administered by 8 Infinity Education Research group in India with the end view of identifying its implication to enhance the human concentration level. Materials and Methods: This prospective study operates on evocative research method which involved the use of documentary analysis, questionnaires and interviews with voluntary opted respondents carried by researchers' approach and analysis pertaining to the content of the data. In this pilot study, we recruited 159 individuals age 8 to 20 yearsResult: between the academic standard levels 4th to 12th who were chosen after consent for this assessment. The Aimtest calculated their Memory, concentration level and, reading speed with the proven formulas. We have found overall 83.64% satisfaction rate among all the categories. Based on the descriptive research our findings suggestConclusion: that this tool can be used to enhance the concentration level as well as it can also be embodied in academic institutions to improve on the learning ability of students.

Madres trabajadoras académicas: opacidades, privilegios y resistencias en pandemia / Mães trabalhadoras acadêmicas: opacidades, privilégios e resistências em uma pandemia / Academic working mothers: opacities, privileges and resistance in a pandemic

Resumen Ante la pandemia, el gobierno chileno implementó medidas de intervención que fueron eminentemente de carácter sanitario. Este proceso tuvo como sustento una serie de discursos de control y disciplinamiento social que apelaban al autocuidado, la prevención familiar y la auto-responsabilización. A través de la construcción de cuatro Narrativas de Vida de madres académicas, se presentan cuatro repertorios interpretativos críticos respecto de aquello: (a) una mirada cuestionadora a la reproducción de posturas neoconservadoras sobre cuidados y familia tradicional en pandemia; (b) cómo el énfasis discursivo en lo sanitario, invisibilizó otras problemáticas que cruzaron madres trabajadoras académicas y a la vez privilegió su vivencia cotidiana a través de la exposición sanitaria de otros cuerpos;(c) crítica a la contradicción de discursos en lo académico respecto a la flexibilización laboral frente a la pandemia y el exhorto a la mantención de estándares de productividad liberal y (d) una posibilidad de tejer resistencias colectivas.

Resumo Diante da pandemia, o governo chileno implementou medidas de intervenção de natureza eminentemente sanitária. Esse processo teve sustentação numa série de discursos de controle e disciplina social que apelavam ao autocuidado, à prevenção familiar e à autorresponsabilidade. Por meio da construção de quatro Narrativas de Vida de mães acadêmicas, apresentam-se quatro repertórios interpretativos críticos a respeito disso: (a) um olhar questionador sobre a reprodução de posições neoconservadoras sobre o cuidado e a família tradicional na pandemia; (b) como a ênfase discursiva na matéria sanitária invisibilizou outros problemas que as mães trabalhadoras acadêmicas enfrentavam, e ao mesmo tempo privilegiou sua vivência cotidiana por meio da exposição sanitária de outros corpos; (c) crítica à contradição dos discursos no acadêmico sobre a flexibilização laboral diante da pandemia e da exortação à manutenção dos padrões de produtividade liberal e (d) possibilidade de tecer resistência coletiva.

Abstract: In order to combat the pandemic, the Chilean government has proposed interventions based on health and safety. This process has been justified by a series of discourses around control and social discipline, which appeal to self-care, family prevention and individual responsibility. We use four Life Narratives of academic mothers in order to illustrate four critical, interpretative repertoires related to State and social discourses on the pandemic: (a) a problematization of the reproduction of neoconservative positions on caregiving and the traditional family during the pandemic; (b) how the discursive emphasis on health, made invisible other problems that were common to academic working mothers and at the same time privileged their daily experience through the health exposure of other bodies; (c) how academic mothers have criticized and contradicted academic discourses on job flexibility during the pandemic and academia´s continuing demands to maintain neoliberal productivity standards and (d) a possibility of creating collective resistance.

Estadísticas sanitarias y enfermedades de trasmisión hídrica en Cuba: 1902-1925

RESUMEN Las enfermedades de transmisión hídrica, fueron causa importante de morbilidad y mortalidad durante las primeras décadas del siglo xx en Cuba. La búsqueda y solución de sus orígenes se debatieron por los científicos cubanos en importantes instituciones académicas y su evolución, mostrada a través de las estadísticas sanitarias. El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar las estadísticas sanitarias y las enfermedades de transmisión hídrica en Cuba, entre 1902-1925, a partir de la labor de prominentes científicos cubanos. Es un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte histórico que utilizó el método histórico lógico y el análisis inductivo-deductivo de las fuentes bibliográficas disponibles sobre la temática. Las estadísticas sanitarias y las enfermedades de transmisión hídrica constituían temas importantes en el quehacer de los científicos cubanos, demostrado por los aportes de personalidades como Jorge Le Roy, Carlos J. Finlay, José A. López del Valle, Juan Guiteras Gener y otros, que trascienden como ejemplos imprescindibles para el estudio de estos materiales y marcaron pautas para el desarrollo ulterior de la salud pública cubana. Una parte importante de su labor está recogida en fuentes científicas documentales de la época. El intercambio de ideas entre estas personalidades, demuestra el alto nivel científico y de actualización en que se encontraba la ciencia en Cuba en el primer cuarto del siglo xx. El debate, honesto y respetuoso entre ellos contribuyó al avance de las estadísticas sanitarias y al conocimiento de las enfermedades de transmisión hídrica y por ende, al avance de la ciencia cubana.

ABSTRACT Waterborne diseases were an important cause of morbidity and mortality during the first decades of the 20th century in Cuba. The search and solution of its origins were debated by Cuban scientists in important academic institutions and its evolution were shown through health statistics. The objective of this paper is to examine health statistics and waterborne diseases in Cuba, from 1902 to1925 based on the work of prominent Cuban scientists. This is a descriptive observational study of historical nature that used the logical historical method and the inductive-deductive analysis of the available bibliographic sources on the subject. Health statistics and waterborne diseases were important topics in the work of Cuban scientists, which is established by the contributions of personalities such as Jorge Le Roy, Carlos J. Finlay, José A. López del Valle, Juan Guiteras Gener and others, who transcend as essential examples for the study of these materials, and they set guidelines for the further development of Cuban public health. An important part of his study is collected in documentary scientific sources of the time. The exchange of ideas between these personalities reveals the high scientific and up-to-date level of science in Cuba in the first quarter of the 20th century. The honest and respectful debate among them contributed to the advancement of health statistics and knowledge of waterborne diseases and therefore, to the development of Cuban science.

Avaliação do conhecimento de acadêmicos da área da saúde sobre queilite actínica, como lesão precursora do câncer bucal / Evaluation of health academics' knowledge of actinic cheilitis as a precursor oral cancer injury

Dentre as doenças mais letais em todo o Brasil, o câncer encontra-se como um dos principais, podendo se desenvolver em diversas áreas. Com relação ao câncer bucal, ele é considerado um dos mais prevalentes. Podendo ser justificado em decorrência do estilo de vida adotado por muitos, como tabagismo, alcoolismo, má alimentação e exposição excessiva ao sol. Produzindo um aumento no número de casos de forma progressiva. Em grande parte dos casos de câncer bucal, há o aparecimento de lesões potencialmente malignas, destacando-se a leucoplasia, eritroplasia e queilite actínica. A queilite actínica, decorrente do excesso de radiação ultravioleta, é uma lesão potencialmente maligna, altamente prevalente em pessoas que estão propensas a esta exposição sendo frequente em áreas cuja atividade econômica está pautada na agricultura, que requer exposição à radiação solar, como o noroeste do Paraná. Portanto, é essencial que todos os profissionais de saúde saibam reconhecer este como sendo um fator causador do câncer bucal e fiquem atentos às mudanças que ocorrem previamente à malignização, principalmente, lesões em lábios, onde a queilite manifesta-se. Logo, é importante que os profissionais saibam reconhecê-la precocemente, devendo ser vislumbrado já durante a universidade. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho é avaliar o conhecimento de acadêmicos de diferentes áreas da saúde, sobre sinais e sintomas da queilite actínica, que é uma das lesões cancerizáveis mais importantes e prevalentes... (AU)

Among the most lethal diseases in Brazil, cancer is one of the main and can develop in several areas. Re garding oral cancer, it is considered one of the most prevalent. It can be justified due to the lifestyle adopt ed by many, such as smoking, alcoholism, poor diet and excessive sun exposure. Producing an increase in the number of cases in a progressive way. In most cases of oral cancer, there is the appearance of poten tially malignant lesions, highlighting the leukoplakia and actinic cheilitis. Actinic cheilitis, resulting from excess ultraviolet radiation, is a potentially malignant lesion, highly prevalent in people who are prone to this exposure being frequent in areas whose economic activity is based on agriculture, which requires exposure to solar radiation, such as the northwest Paraná. Therefore, it is essential that all health professionals know how to recognize this as a factor causing oral cancer and be aware of the changes that occur prior to malignancy, especially lip lesions, where cheilitis manifests. Therefore, it is important that profes sionals know how to recognize it early, and should be glimpsed already during the university. Therefore, the objective of this work is to evaluate the knowledge of scholars from different health areas about signs and symptoms of actinic cheilitis which is one of the most important and prevalent cancerizable lesions... (AU)

Ansiedade em acadêmicos de enfermagem e suas complicações futuras / Anxiety in nursing academics and their future complications / Ansiedad en enfermería académica y sus futuras complicaciones

Objetivo: Conhecer quais elementos favorecem a ocorrência de ansiedade em acadêmicos de enfermagem e suas possíveis complicações. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura nacional e internacional. A coleta foi realizada nas bases de dados indexáveis na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Base de dados da literatura LatinoAmericana em Ciência da Saúde, Biblioteca de Enfermagem; Index de Psicologia, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online e Scientific Eletronic Libary Online. Com descritores: Ansiedade, Acadêmicos, Complicações e Enfermagem. Resultados: Após a análise dos artigos selecionados, 11 artigos compuseram a amostra. Conclusão: A compreensão acerca da ansiedade em acadêmicos de enfermagem é imprescindível para que se torne possível a prevenção de futuras complicações.

Objective: To know which elements favor the occurrence of anxiety in nursing students and its possible complications. Method: Integrative review of national and international literature. The collection was carried out in the indexable databases in the Virtual Health Library, Database of the Latin American literature in Health Science, Nursing Library; Psychology Index, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online and Scientific Eletronic Libary Online. With descriptors: Anxiety, Academics, Complications and Nursing. Results: After analyzing the selected articles, 11 articles made up the sample. Conclusion: Understanding anxiety in nursing students is essential for preventing future complications.

Objetivo: Conocer qué elementos favorecen la ocurrencia de ansiedad en estudiantes de enfermería y sus posibles complicaciones. Método: Revisión integradora de literatura nacional e internacional. La recolección se realizó en las bases de datos indexables de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, Base de datos de la literatura latinoamericana en Ciencias de la Salud, Biblioteca de Enfermería; Índice de psicología, Sistema de análisis y recuperación de literatura médica en línea y Biblioteca electrónica científica en línea. Con descriptores: Ansiedad, Académicos, Complicaciones y Enfermería. Resultados: Tras analizar los artículos seleccionados, 11 artículos conformaron la muestra. Conclusión: Comprender la ansiedad en los estudiantes de enfermería es fundamental para prevenir futuras complicaciones.

Health-Related Quality of Life among University Healthcare Academics

Introduction: Having a good health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is important to ensure good job performance. However, it is subjective and it cannot be measured easily. This study aimed to evaluate HRQoL among universityhealthcare academics in public andprivate universities.Method:In this study,a stratified random sampling approach was employed. The strata were created based on departments in the universities. Arandom sample from each stratum was taken in a number proportional to the stratum's size when compared to the overall target population. A validated questionnaire comprising two sections was administered online to collect the data. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis (Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis H test) were applied using SPSS version 22.Results: Out of all the total 130 respondents, 57 (43.8%) were from a private university and the other 73 (56.2%) were from a public university. There were 61 (46.9%) male respondents and 69 (53.1%) female respondents. HRQoL according to the studied domains of the DUKE health profile was associated with various demographic and socioeconomic variables such as type of institution, department/faculty, age, gender, number of children,and years of experience.Conclusion:The demographic and socioeconomic variables were strongly associated with the HRQoL among university healthcare academics.

Defense mechanisms and quality of life of medical students according to graduation phase

Abstract Objectives To compare health-related quality of life (QoL) of medical students in initial and final phases of the program, and to evaluate the association between ego defense mechanisms and specific health-related QoL domains within each group. Methods This was an observational, cross-sectional study. Quality of life was assessed according to the World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument - Abbreviated Version (WHOQOL-Bref); anxiety and depression symptoms were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); defense mechanisms were assessed using the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40) Results A total of 139 medical students were evaluated. Students in the initial semesters of the program (1st and 3rd) presented more depressive symptoms and worse quality of life in the psychological domain of WHOQOL-Bref when compared to those in the final semesters (8th and 12th). In a later analysis, conducted to identify the variables associated with the psychological domain of the WHOQOL-Bref for each group, both depressive symptoms and defense mechanisms were independently associated with the outcome for medical students in the beginning and in the end of the graduation program. Conclusions Students in the initial phases of medical school may need more specific attention from educational managers. Understanding the role of ego defense mechanisms in the quality of life of medical students may help identify effective psychopedagogical interventions for this population. In addition, the results reinforce the impact of depressive symptoms on quality of life, an association already well evidenced in the literature.

Attitude of researchers towards ethics committee at a medical research institute in Coimbatore: a cross sectional study

Background: The role of ethics committees has been well defined, but many researchers regard ethical review as a road block to research.Methods: To assess the attitude of the researchers towards the ethics committee, a cross sectional study was conducted among 80 researchers, which includes both faculty and undergraduate students at a medical research institute.Results: Our study shows that though most of the researchers agreed that ethics committee is mandatory, they felt that ethics committee review delays research projects, undermined the role of non-medical members in the committee, felt annoyed about the documentation and answering the full board queries and presentations.Conclusions: Study concludes that though the researchers have understood the critical role of ethics committee, they lack a positive attitude when it comes to the ethics committee functioning. Therefore, training should be conducted for researchers, which addresses these issues, so that the misunderstandings and conflicts are minimized.

Working conditions and the meaning of the academic profession in Colombian university professors / Condições de trabalho e configuração da percepção da profissão acadêmica em professores universitários colombianos / Condiciones de trabajo y configuración del sentido de la profesión académica en profesores universitarios colombianos

Abstract The aim of this research was to analyze the shaping of the meaning of the academic profession in 160 scholars, from public and private universities in four Colombian cities. The instrument QPW-5 (Questionnaire on Quality of Work life in Human Service Organizations) was applied. It was composed of 173 items distributed in five scales: Working Conditions, Perceived Workload, General Working Well-being, Maslach Burnout Inventory and Engagement, and five key words that define the work experience. This study was carried out following a quantitative approach, a non - experimental design with a cross-sectional descriptive correlation. A correlational analysis and Principal Component Analysis were performed to establish the pattern of the dimensions evaluated. The teachers surveyed showed general tendencies to shape their meaning of the academic profession in an ambivalent manner in a positive and negative pole, where the presence of fragmented working conditions that denote exhaustion, cynicism and collateral effects, as well as a new configuration of academic professionalism are highlighted. It is pointed out that the temporality of the contractual relationship is naturalized as a condition of precarious working conditions, placing a focus on the psychosocial risks of university teachers.

Resumo Enquadrada no contexto das transformações do trabalho acadêmico, em especial com a explosão do capitalismo acadêmico, e situada nas organizações universitárias, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a configuração da percepção da profissão acadêmica em 160 professores universitários pertencentes a universidades públicas e privadas de cinco cidades colombianas. Este estudo foi quantitativo, não experimental, transversal e descritivo. Aplicou-se o instrumento QPW-5 -questionário sobre a qualidade da vida laboral em organizações de serviços humanos, composto por 173 itens que medem as escalas de condições de trabalho e bem-estar laboral geral-, o inventário de Burnout de Maslach e um questionário de Engagement, além de uma parte qualitativa com cinco palavras-chave que definem a experiência de trabalhar. Realizou-se uma análise correlacionai e uma análise de componentes principais para estabelecer o padrão das dimensões avaliadas. Como resultado, descobriu-se que os docentes participantes evidenciaram tendências gerais para configurar uma percepção da profissão acadêmica de forma ambivalente, em um polo positivo e negativo, no qual se destaca a presença de condições de trabalho fragmentadas que denotam esgotamento, cinismo e efeitos colaterais, bem como uma nova configuração do profissionalismo acadêmico. Além disso, indica-se que a temporalidade do vínculo contratual é naturalizada como condições de trabalho precárias que chamam a atenção para os riscos psicossociais dos docentes universitários.

Resumen Enmarcada en el contexto de las transformaciones del trabajo académico, en especial con la irrupción del capitalismo académico, y situada en las organizaciones universitarias, la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar la configuración del sentido de la profesión académica en 160 profesores universitarios pertenecientes a universidades públicas y privadas de cinco ciudades colombianas. Este estudio fue cuantitativo, no experimental, transversal y descriptivo. Se aplicó el instrumento QPW-5 -cuestionario sobre la calidad de vida laboral en organizaciones de servicios humanos, compuesto por 173 ítems que miden las escalas de condiciones de trabajo y bienestar laboral general-, el inventario de Burnout de Maslach, y un cuestionario de engagement, además de una parte cualitativa con cinco palabras clave que definen la experiencia de trabajar. Se realizó un análisis correlacional y un análisis de componentes principales para establecer el patrón de las dimensiones evaluadas. Como resultados, se encontró que los docentes encuestados evidenciaron tendencias generales a configurar un sentido de la profesión académica de forma ambivalente, en un polo positivo y negativo, donde se destaca la presencia de condiciones de trabajo fragmentadas que denotan agotamiento, cinismo y efectos colaterales, así como una nueva configuración del profesionalismo académico. Además de esto, se señala que la temporalidad del vínculo contractual se naturaliza como condiciones de trabajo precarias que colocan como foco de atención a los riesgos psicosociales de los docentes universitarios.

Systematic Evaluation of Published Research Studies Conducted Among Medical Undergraduate Students on Learning Environment in Medical Colleges of India Using the DREEM Inventory Tool

Objective: To evaluate original studies conducted among medical undergraduate students to assess education and learning environment in India using DREEM (Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure) tool. Material & Methods: The online search engine PUBMED and Google scholar were utilized to short list original published research studies on learning environment. The eligibility criteria included: study conducted in India upon medical students using DREEM tool; information on sample size, total, and sub-domain DREEM score available. Fourteen original research publications with a total sample size of 4215 medical students were considered. Results: Total DREEM score (range, 0-200) was 119.5 that indicated that there was more positive education environment in selected medical colleges of country. The average score of different sub domains of DREEM also supported the positive environment. Sub-domain DREEM mean scores derived through this analysis was SPL-28.7 (range, 0-48); SPA-28.4 (range, 0-48); SPT-25.8 (range, 0-44); SASP-20.2 (range, 0-32); and SSSP-16.4 (range, 0-28). The scores of all the studies were in the similar range except two. Mean score of most (80%) of the items (40/50) lied between 2 and 3 (range, 0-4) indicating that these areas were ‘neither strong nor weak’ but could be ‘enhanced’. Some aspect of the learning and education environment with average score of less than 2 include inherent challenges of the extensive medical course; the teaching over-emphasizes factual learning (item-25); students are able to memorize all the matter (item-27); and rarely feel bored (item-14) require attention. However, issues like teaching is too teacher centered (item-48); the teachers are authoritarian (item-9); and the teachers get angry in class (item-39) requires sensitization and introspection by the esteem faculty members. Conclusion: Overall students perceived progressive and positive developmental milieu in the learning environment in the selected medical colleges of India.

A Cross-sectional Study of Relationship between Internet Addiction and Performance in Internal Assessment in 2nd Year Medical Undergraduates of a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital at B G Nagara

In the current competitive world, life without an internet is unimaginable. Internet can be utilized generously for overall progress toward accomplishing good aspects. However, it is misused or abused, especially among adolescent and young adults,

A percepção dos acadêmicos de enfermagem sobre segurança do paciente em uma faculdade privada do Distrito Federal / The perception of nursing students on patient´s safety in a private college of the federal district

Objetivo: Conhecer a percepção dos acadêmicos de enfermagem sobre segurança do paciente, em uma faculdade privada do Distrito Federal. Método: É estudo exploratório, descritivo, por meio da aplicação de questionário estruturado para acadêmicos do 10º semestre de enfermagem, após aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética e posterior analise dos dados. Resultados: Na amostra analisada a idade média foi de 30 anos, com predominância do sexo feminino, 56,5% não atuavam na aérea de formação ou apenas estudavam, outros 25% já atuam como técnicos de enfermagem; do total 81,25% afirmaram que tanto as disciplinas teóricas como os campos de estágios contribuíram para os conhecimentos de ações que promovam uma assistência segura e 75% reconhece o conceito chave de segurança do paciente definido pela Organização Mundial de Saúde. Conclusão: As variáveis vivencias de ações, sentimento de segurança para prestar assistência segura e domínio sobre o conceito de segurança, sugerem que o curso oferecido tem preparado o egresso técnico e cientificamente para o mercado de trabalho, mas não ficou evidente qual o semestre do curso o tema é enfatizado, no entanto os estágios se mostraram essenciais para nortear o processo formativo para prestação da assistência.

Objective: to know the perception of nursing students on patient´s safety in a private college from the Federal District. Method: This is an exploratory and descriptive study whose data were gathered trough a semi-structured form applied in 10o semester students after Ethical Council approval and data analysis. Result: In the sample assessed, the mean age was 30 years, with predominance of females, 56.5% were not working in the main area of training or were just studying and 25% work as nursing technician. Of the total, 81.25% reported that both theoretical disciplines and internship fields contributed to know actions that promote safe healthcare and 75% recognize the key concept of patient safety described by the World Health Organization. Conclusion: The several actions experiences, the feeling of security to provide safe assistance and the mastery over the security concept suggest that the offered course has prepared technically and scientifically for the job market. It´s unclear which semester of the course the theme is emphasized, however the internships proved to be essential to guide the education process for healthcare.

O USO DE DROGAS ENTRE UNIVERSITÁRIOS: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA / THE USE OF DRUGS BETWEEN UNIVERSITY MEMBERS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Introdução: A universidade se configura num espaço de acesso fácil às drogas. Objetivos: Conhecer o perfil dos estudantes universitários que fazem uso de drogas; identificar as drogas mais utilizadas; identificar as possíveis consequências do uso abusivo de drogas; e conhecer as principais situações que motivam os universitários a usarem drogas. Materiais e Métodos: Pesquisa de revisão de literatura de abordagem qualitativa. A Coleta de dados foi realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: Literatura Latino-Americana e em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), Base de dados de enfermagem (Bdenf) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo). Foram incluídos artigos com os seguintes descritores: "drogas ilícitas"; "usuários de drogas"; "transtornos relacionadas ao uso de substâncias"; "consumo de álcool na faculdade". Estes termos foram utilizados de forma conjunta e isolados. As obras idênticas, repetidas em bases diferentes, foram eliminadas, sendo considerado o primeiro registro. Resultados: O álcool, tabaco e maconha são as drogas mais consumidas pelos universitários. A faixa etária predominante é de 17 a 35 anos, os fatores que motivam o uso são o alívio de tensões, diversão e prazer. Dentre as repercussões negativas estão a redução do rendimento acadêmico, direção perigosa e comportamento sexual de risco. Discussão: Os problemas relacionados ao uso de drogas não se limitam às funções do corpo, mas também interferem diretamente na qualidade de vida do mesmo, em sua relação com a família, atividades laborais e nos estudos. Conclusão: É preciso que as universidades desenvolvam projetos e programas para prevenção e de suporte aos universitários em uso problemático de drogas.

Introduction: The university is an area of easy access to drugs. Objectives: To know the profile of university students who use drugs; identify the most commonly used drugs; identify the possible consequences of drug abuse; and to know the main situations that motivate the university students to use drugs. Materials and Methods: Qualitative approach literature review. Data collection was carried out in the following databases: Latin American Literature and Health Sciences (Lilacs), Nursing Database (Bdenf) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo). Articles with the following descriptors were included: "illicit drugs"; "drug users"; "Substance use disorders"; "Alcohol consumption in college". These terms were used together and in isolation. The identical works, repeated on different bases, were eliminated, being considered the first record. Results: Alcohol, tobacco and marijuana are the drugs most consumed by university students. The predominant age group is 17 to 35 years, the factors that motivate the use are the relief of tensions, fun and pleasure. Among the negative repercussions are the reduction of academic performance, dangerous direction and sexual risk behavior. Discussion: Problems related to drug use are not limited to the functions of the body, but also interfere directly in the quality of life of the same, in relation to the family, work activities and studies. Conclusion: Universities need to develop projects and programs to prevent and support university students in problematic drug use.

Programa de estímulos económicos y daños a la salud en académicos de seis universidades mexicanas / Economic stimulus programs and adverse health among faculty at six mexican universities

Los docentes e investigadores universitarios participan en diversos programas de estímulos económicos que recompensan la productividad. Para obtenerlos atraviesan por evaluaciones pormenorizadas de la mayoría de actividades laborales que, a la larga, se han constituido en una verdadera sobrecarga laboral. Esta modalidad de trabajo basada en la productividad, ha traído consigo importantes daños en la salud de estos trabajadores. El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer los daños a la salud asociados con las exigencias y condiciones laborales del personal académico y de investigación de seis universidades públicas en México. Para ello se aplicó una encuesta de uso epidemiológico, adaptada del Programa de Evaluación y Seguimiento de la Salud de los Trabajadores (PROESSAT) a las necesidades de cada población. Asimismo, se aplicaron el inventario DASS 21 para valorar ansiedad, depresión y estrés, el cual fue validado con población latina. La prueba Yoshitake para medir fatiga, se validó en población mexicana. Con estos instrumentos se exploraron: datos generales, condiciones del trabajo, consecuencias de la participación en programas de estímulos, exigencias laborales y daños en la salud física y mental. Se indagaron13 distintos trastornos, los de mayor prevalencia fueron: los músculoesqueléticos y la disfonía con una tasa de 37 por cada 100 trabajadores, seguidos del distrés y la lumbalgia con 30 y28 por cada 100 trabajadores. La tasa general de morbilidad fue de 3 trastornos por cada trabajador(AU)

University professors and researchers participate in a variety of economic stimulus programs that reward productivity. In order to receive these payments, they must undergo detailed evaluations of the majority of their job activities. This process has led to a considerable work overload. Evaluations of this type, based on productivity, have caused significant damage to the health of these workers. The objective of this epidemiological survey-based study was to examine adverse health effects associated with the job demands and working conditions of teaching and research faculty at six public universities in Mexico. The survey instrument was derived from the Program for Evaluation and Monitoring of Worker Health (PROESSAT, by its Spanish acronym) and adapted to the needs of the study population. We applied the DASS-21 inventory, previously validated in a Latino population, to assess anxiety, depression and stress. We also administered the Yoshitake test to measure fatigue, which has been validated in a Mexican population. These instruments were used to explore demographic data, working conditions, consequences of participation in stimulus programs, job requirements and adverse physical and mental health effects. We explored 13 different health disorders, of which the most prevalent were musculoskeletal disorders and dysphonia (at 37% each), followed by distress and low back pain (30% and 28%, respectively. The overall morbidity rate was three disorders per worker(AU)

Políticas de identidade no contexto da discussão racial: a academia negra no Brasil / Políticas de identidad en el contexto de la discussion racial: la academia negra en Brazil / Identity policies in the context of racial discussion: the black academy in Brazil

Resumo O artigo busca a construção de um quadro teórico de análises acerca da situação dos negros no espaço acadêmico brasileiro, questionando o sentido de produção do processo identitário desses sujeitos, tendo em vista sua configuração em meio a uma comunidade hegemônica de valores etnocêntricos. Tendo a Teoria da Identidade como pressuposto fundamental, defendemos a tese da impossibilidade da discussão da carência de negros no sistema docente brasileiro quando unicamente guiada pelos pressupostos do mérito e qualificação pessoais, tendo em vista as evidências dos efeitos da transmissão intergeracional da pobreza aliados à discriminação racial e de uma lógica guiada pela sustentação dos privilégios a determinados grupos hegemônicos. Finalmente, corroboramos a necessidade da realização - de fato, e não só de direito - da proposta de ações afirmativas implementada pela Lei 12.990, levando-se em consideração a carência de concursos realizados nessa perspectiva.

Resumen El artículo intenta construir un resumen teórico del análisis de la situación de los negros en el espacio académico brasileño, cuestionando el sentido de la producción del proceso de identidad de estos sujetos, basado en el entorno de los valores etnocéntricos de la comunidad hegemónica. Teniendo la teoría de la Identidad como un presupuesto fundamental, defendemos la tesis de la imposibilidad de discusión de la falta de negros en el sistema de enseñanza brasileño cuando sólo guiados por presupuestos personales de méritos y calificación dada la evidencia de los efectos de la transmisión de la pobreza junto a la discriminación racial y la lógica guiada por la defensa de sus privilegios a ciertos grupos hegemónicos. Por último, se evidencia la necesidad de la realización (y no sólo los derechos) de la propuesta de acción afirmativa implementadas por la Ley 12.990, teniendo en cuenta la falta de competencia que se celebra en esta perspectiva.

Abstract The article seeks to build a theoretical framework for analysis of the situation of blacks in Brazilian academic space, questioning the sense of production of the identity process of these subjects in view of their setting amid a hegemonic community of ethnocentric values. Taking the Theory of Identity as a fundamental assumption, we defend the thesis of the impossibility to discuss the shortage of blacks in Brazilian teaching system guided only by personal assumptions of merit and qualification, given the evidence of the effects of intergenerational transmission of poverty coupled with racial discrimination, a scenario that privileges certain hegemonic groups. Finally, it corroborates the need to apply the proposed affirmative action implemented by Law 12,990, considering the lack of public tenders in this perspective.

Predictores biosocioculturales y estilos de vida de los estudiantes universitarios de una universidad de Huánuco / Predictors biosocioculturales and lifestyles of university student in an university of Huánuco

Objetivos: determinar la relación entre los predictores biosocioculturales y los estilos de vida de los estudiantes universitarios. Material y métodos: investigación cuantitativa, de tipo transversal, analítico, prospectivo y observacional; con diseño correlacional. La población fue de 3261 estudiantes de la Universidad Privada de Huánuco, con una muestra de 343,7 estudiantes, seleccionados probabilísticamente por estratos, a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario de predictores y una escala de estilos de vida, previamente validados. Se tuvo en cuenta los aspectos éticos de la investigación. Se realizó un análisis bivariado mediante la prueba Chi Cuadrado de Pearson, con p≤0,05; apoyados en el PASW V20.0. Resultados: se comprobó la relación entre la condición de pertenecer al grupo adolescente [X2 =15,54; Gl 3 y p = 0.00] y la realización de trabajo paralelo al estudio [X2 =18,8; Gl 3 y p = 0.00] con el estilo de vida poco saludable. El pertenecer al género masculino [X2 =13,35; Gl 3 y p = 0.00] se relaciona con el estilo de vida saludable. No hubo relación entre la procedencia de la zona urbana [X2 =1,00; X2 =13,35; Gl 3 y p = 0.80], la tenencia de algún compromiso conyugal [X2 =13,35; GL 3 y p = 0,44], la tenencia de alguna religión [X2 =2,86; Gl 3 y p = 0.41] y la condición de cursar más del VI ciclo académico [X2 =1,10; Gl 3 y p = 0.781] con el estilo de vida saludable. Conclusiones: los predictores biológicos están relacionados con los estilos de vida saludable y poco saludables de los estudiantes.

Objectives: to determine the relationship between predictors and biosocioculturales lifestyles of college students. Material and Methods: quantitative research, transversal, analytical, prospective observational; with correlational design. The population was 3, 261 students of the Private University of Huanuco, with a sample of 343. 7 students, probabilistically selected by strata, who were applied a questionnaire and a scale predictors lifestyles, previously validated. the ethical aspects of the research was taken into account. A bivariate analysis was performed by Chi Square test of Pearson, with p≤0.05; supported by the PASW V20.0. Results: the relationship between the condition of belonging to the teen group [X2 = 15.54 was found; Gl 3 and p = 0.00] and performing work parallel to the study [X2 = 18.8; Gl 3 and p = 0.00] with unhealthy life style. The male gender [X2 = 13.35; Gl 3 and p = 0.00] is related to healthy lifestyle. There was no relationship between the origin of the urban area [X2 = 1.00; X2 = 13.35; Gl 3 and p = 0.80], possession of a marital commitment [X2 = 13.35; GL 3 and p = 0.44], possession of any religion [X2 = 2.86; Gl 3 and p = 0.41] and the condition of pursuing academic year more than VI [X2 = 1.10; Gl 3 and p = 0.781] with healthy lifestyle. Conclusions: biological predictors are related to healthy lifestyles and unhealthy students.

Prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en académicos universitarios de una institución pública de Oaxaca / Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in university academics of a public institution in Oaxaca

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en académicos universitarios de una institución pública del estado de Oaxaca. Metodología: El diseño de estudio fue descriptivo de alcance transversal, con una muestra de 87 académicos seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio estratificado. Resultados: La muestra final se integró por 68 académicos, 57.4% del sexo masculino y 42.6% femenino, con una edad promedio de 36.15 años (DE = 8.19). Con respecto a los antecedentes familiares como factores de riesgo, se encontró una prevalencia para diabetes mellitus de 58.8%, hipertensión arterial 57.4%, hipercolesterolemia 41.2% y cáncer 32.4%. En relación a los factores de riesgo cardiovascular personales, se evidenció una prevalencia para sobrepeso de 42.6%, obesidad 17.6%, hipercolesterolemia 35.3%, tabaquismo 11.7% y diabetes mellitus 8.8%. Discusión: El sobrepeso, obesidad e hipercolesterolemia representaron los factores de riesgo de mayor prevalencia; hallazgos que coinciden con los reportados en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2006 y 2012, como también por los estudios realizados en los estados de Guanajuato, Michoacán y Chiapas. Conclusión: La investigación reveló que el sobrepeso, obesidad e hipercolesterolemia son los factores de mayor prevalencia; por ello se hace imprescindible la consumación de estrategias preventivas orientadas a la adopción de estilos de vida saludable, ya que gran parte de los factores presentes en el estudio son derivados de éstos.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in university academics from a public institution in the state of Oaxaca. Methodology: The study design was descriptive cross range, with a sample of 76 scholars selected by stratified random sampling. Results: The final sample was composed of 68 academics, 57.4% male and 42.6% female, with an average age of 36.15 years (SD = 8.19). Regarding family history as risk factors for diabetes mellitus prevalence was 58.8%, 57.4% hypertension, hypercholesterolemia 41.2% and 32.4% cancer was found. In relation to personal cardiovascular risk factors, a prevalence of 42.6% for overweight, obesity 17.6%, 35.3% hypercholesterolemia, smoking 11.7% and diabetes mellitus 8.8% was evident. Discussion: Overweight, obesity and high cholesterol risk factors accounted for most prevalent; findings are consistent with those reported in the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2006 and 2012, as well as by studies in the states of Guanajuato, Michoacan and Chiapas. Conclusion: The investigation revealed that overweight, obesity and high cholesterol are the most prevalent factors; therefore it is essential to the completion of bearings to the adoption of healthy lifestyle preventive strategies, as much of the factors present in the study are derived from these.

Características de inteligencia emocional en un grupo de universitarios con y sin ideación suicida / Characteristics of Emotional Intelligence in a Group of Higher Education Students with and without Suicidal Ideation

Estudio de tipo descriptivo-comparativo y diseño transversal que tuvo por objetivo identificar y comparar las características de la inteligencia emocional (IE) en un grupo de jóvenes universitarios con y sin ideación suicida (IS). La muestra estuvo conformada por 22 sujetos con IS y 22 sujetos sin IS. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el TraidMeta MoodScaley el Inventario de ideación suicida de Beck. Los resultados indican diferencias significativas entre los grupos en el componente de atención (Z=-3.089, p=0.002), claridad (Z=-3.089, p=0.002) y reparación emocional (Z=-2.627 p=0.009). Se concluye que los sujetos con ideas suicidas reportan dificultades en habilidades emocionales necesarias para atender, comprender y regular emociones, contrario a lo que ocurre con quienes no presentan ideas de autolesión.

This is a comparative study of a descriptive and transversal type designed to identify the characteristics of emotional intelligence (EI) in a group of higher education students with and without suicidal ideation The sample consisted of 22 subjects with IS and 22 subjects without suicidal ideation . The instruments used were the Traid Meta Mood Scale and Beck's Suicide Ideation Inventory. The results indicated significant differences between groups in the care component (Z = -3.089, p = 0.002), clarity (Z = -3.089, p = 0.002) and emotional repair (Z = -2.627, p = 0.009). It was concluded that the sample of subjects without suicidal thoughts report better emotional skills compared with the IS group.