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BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to compare the impact of citrate dialysate (CD) and standard acetate dialysate (AD) in hemodialysis by central delivery system (CDS) on heparin demand, and clinical parameters. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 75 patients on maintenance hemodialysis with CDS. Patients underwent hemodialysis with AD over a six-month period (AD period), followed by another six-month period using CD (CD period). Various parameters including mean heparin dosage, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), calcium-phosphate product (CaxP), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), and urea reduction ratio (URR) were collated at the end of each period. RESULTS: Patients were 60.5 ± 14.7 years old, of whom 62.7% were male. Patients required less heparin when receiving CD (AD period: 1,129 ± 1,033 IU/session vs. CD period: 787 ± 755 IU/session, P < 0.001). After the CD period (Δ(CD)), pre-dialysis total CO₂ increased to 1.21 ± 2.80 mmol/L, compared to −2.44 ± 2.96 mmol/L (P < 0.001) after the AD period (Δ(AD)). After the CD period, concentrations of iPTH (Δ(AD): 73.04 ± 216.34 pg/mL vs. Δ(CD): −106.66 ± 251.79 pg/mL, P < 0.001) and CaxP (Δ(AD): 4.32 ± 16.63 mg²/dL² vs. Δ(CD): −4.67 ± 15.27 mg²/dL², P = 0.015) decreased. While hsCRP levels decreased after the CD period (Δ(AD): 0.07 ± 4.09 mg/L vs. Δ(CD): −0.75 ± 4.56 mg/L, P = 0.705), the change was statistically insignificant. URR remained above clinical guideline of 65% after both periods (Δ(AD): 72.33 ± 6.92% vs. Δ(CD) period: 69.20 ± 4.49%, P = 0.046). CONCLUSION: Our study confirmed that the use of CD in CDS required lower heparin doses compared to the use of AD. The use of CD also provided a more stable acid-base status.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Acetates , C-Reactive Protein , Citric Acid , Heparin , Parathyroid Hormone , Renal Dialysis , Retrospective Studies , UreaABSTRACT
Abstract Purpose: To investigate the effects of the EtOAc extract of U. longissima which is uninvestigated previously on esophagogastric cancer induced in rats with N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidin (MNNG). Methods: The anticancer activity of EtOAc extract of U. longissima was examined in the esophagogastric adenocarcinoma models induced in rats with MNNG. EtOAc extract of U. longissima, 50 and 100 mg/kg oral doses were administered once daily for six months. MNNG induced differentiated and undifferentiated type adenocarcinomas in the esophageal and gastric tissues of rats. Results: EtOAc extract of U. longissima obtained from U. longissima prevented gastric and esophageal cancerogenesis induced in rats with MNNG. EtOAc extract of U. longissima did not have a lethal effect at doses of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg. The prominent anticarcinogenic activity of EtOAc extract of U. longissima 50 and 100 mg/kg suggests that it is not toxic and it is selective to the cancer tissue. Conclusion: This information may shed light on clinical implementation of EtOAc extract of U. longissima in future.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy , Usnea/chemistry , Acetates/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use , Rats, Wistar , Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapyABSTRACT
Flexible thermoplastic resins have been used as an alternative to partially edentulous patients for decades in the USA. However, they are neither popular nor widespread in Brazil. This material represents an excellent treatment option to solve clinical problems such as compromised esthetics caused by visible metal clasps, and fall fracture of dentures made of conventional resins. Additionally, there is little researching and no controlled clinical studies about the use of flexible resins in prosthodontics. For these reasons, this study presents a case report of a dissatisfied patient treated with a conventional removable partial denture, which was replaced by a modified metal framework without metal clasps in combination with flexible resin, and a literature review about this material focusing on the dental practitioner. The study also reports how these polymers can be used, their indications, and their clinical and laboratory considerations.
As resinas termoplásticas flexíveis têm sido uma alternativa para tratamento de pacientes parcialmente desdentados disponível há décadas nos EUA. No Brasil, no entanto, ainda são pouco utilizadas e conhecidas. Este material pode representar uma excelente opção de tratamento reabilitador, para solucionar problemas tais como o aparecimento de grampos metálicos com comprometimento da estética e fratura de próteses confeccionadas com resinas convencionais devido a quedas. Além disso, pesquisas acerca desse material são escassas e não há estudos clínicos de sua utilização na área de prótese dentária na literatura. Por essas razões, este estudo apresenta um caso clínico de uma paciente insatisfeita tratada com prótese removível convencional, a qual foi substituída por uma estrutura metálica modificada sem grampos em combinação com resina, e uma revisão da literatura, com o objetivo de elaborar um apanhado de informações para o clínico sobre estes materiais, além de apresentar como estes polímeros podem ser utilizados, as suas indicações em prótese parcial removível, suas considerações clínicas e laboratoriais.
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Objective To synthesize and analyze sodium 18F-fluoroacetate (FAC) and its precursor ethyl O-mesylglycolate (EOMG). Methods EOMG was synthesized using modified method. Its chemical purity was checked by HPLC and its structure was elucidated on the basis of spectral analyses. Final product of 18F-FAC was synthesized based on general nucleophilic reactions module Explora GN using EOMG as a precursor. Liquid chromatography Explora LC was applied to get rid of its chemical impurities.Then HPLC and radio-thin layer chromatography were used to assay its radiochemical purity, chemical purity and specific activity. Results EOMG was synthesized and identified. Its yield was 70% and its chemical purity was 97.0% (calculated by chromatographic peak area). The radiochemical purity of 18F-FAC was more than 98%, and its specific activity was 236. 5 MBq/μmol. Conclusion This synthetic method for 18F-FAC and its precursor can be defined as effective and highly quality-controlled.
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Object To develop a method for the separation and purification of polyprenyl acetates from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba L Methods Lipids, including polyprenyl acetates were extracted by petroleum ether, and adsorbed by silica gel to remove most of the polar impurities After removing wax from the partially purified extract, it was further purified with silica gel chromatography Results Finally, a mixture of homologues polyprenyl acetate was obtained The purity of which as determined by HPLC external standard method was 84% Conclusion This procedure is simple and relatively effective