ABSTRACT
By the end of 2021, a total of 915000 cases of occupational pneumoconiosis and 450000 existing cases have been reported nationwide. Silicosis is a common and serious pneumoconiosis disease caused by long-term inhalation of large amounts of free silica dust and extensive nodular fibrosis in the lungs. Because its specific pathogenic mechanism has not been elucidated and the relevant research progress is slow, there is still a lack of effective therapeutic and interventional drugs. With the increase of national attention and the unique advantages of Chinese materia medica in the treatment of silicosis, more and more studies have been conducted on the treatment of silicosis with active ingredients of Chinese materia medica in China, but most of them are still in preclinical research stage. This article mainly introduced the pharmacological action and mechanism of selected active components of Chinese materia medica in the intervention of silicosis from three aspects: anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and intervention of apoptosis, providing ideas for subsequent research and development of new drugs for silicosis. This article argues, it is considered that some traditional Chinese medicines must observe the pathological changes in the treatment of silicosis in the overall animal experiment, clarify their pharmacodynamic effects, and further study the multiple targets and pathways involved in them to elucidate their specific mechanisms of action. At the same time, it can strengthen the analysis of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine, or modify the structure of active ingredients, and then enhance its pharmacological activity in the treatment of silicosis, realizing the transformation of preclinical research stage to the results of clinical research.
ABSTRACT
Although nano preparations could improve the physicochemical properties of drugs, they are easy to be recognized and cleared by mononuclear phagocytes, which will not only reduce the half-life of drugs, but also cause immunogen reaction, thus affecting the safe and effective use of drugs. The combination of cell membrane and new nanotechnology will increase the cell compatibility with the advantages of nano preparations, further enhance the targeting effect of target organs or tissues, and improve the efficacy. At present, the existence of the brain barrier restricts the entry of all macromolecular substances and 98% small molecule drugs into the brain, becoming the main problem in the treatment of encephalopathy. Macrophages are common immune cells and play an important role in the development and prognosis of brain diseases. Therefore, the combination of macrophage membranes and nano preparations becomes the immune system's own substances to avoid recognition and clearance, and increase the circulation of drugs, then reuse the blood-brain barrier permeability of macrophages to increase the drug into brains to improve the clinical efficacy. Traditional Chinese medicine has complex components and significant curative effect, but most of them have problems in poor solubility and stability, which lead to low bioavailability in vivo and affect the application. Therefore, based on domestic and foreign literatures, this article integrates the application of macrophage membrane modified nano-preparations in encephalopathy and its effects on the medicinal properties of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine, in order to promote the development and utilization of traditional Chinese medicine resources.
ABSTRACT
Autophagy, as a high conserved starvation response mechanism with defensive and protective effects in eukaryotic cell, is a lysosome-mediated degradation process for non-essential or damaged cellular constituents. It plays an important homeostatic role in cell survival, differentiation, and development to maintain the homeostasis. Autophagy is involved in neurodegenerative disease, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and tumor. Thus, modulating autophagy may provide the potential therapeutic strategies. Recently, many active components of Chinese materia medica (CMM) have been found with the modulatting function on the autophagy in tumor cell, nerve cell, myocardial cell, and endothelial cell. This paper mainly reviews the advances in researches on the active components of CMM for modulating autophagy in recent three years.