Corneal epithelial remodeling following stromal lenticule addition keratoplasty combined with corneal collagen cross-linking for the treatment of keratoconus / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To observe the epithelial remodeling of femtosecond laser-assisted stromal lenticule addition keratoplasty combined with corneal collagen cross-linking(SLAK-CXL)in patients with progressive keratoconus, investigate the remodeling rules of corneal epithelial and influencing factors, and provide clinical data for further refractive correction.METHODS: Retrospective and observational study. A total of 28 keratoconus patients(29 eyes)who received SLAK-CXL from September 2020 to October 2021 were included. Preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, intraocular pressure(IOP), diopter, keratometry and corneal epithelial thickness(CET)were recorded. The trend of CET change was observed. The factors affecting CET were analyzed according to the thickness and depth of the lenticule.RESULTS: Flattest meridian keratometry(Kf)and steepest meridian keratometry(Ks)at 1mo postoperatively were significantly larger than those preoperatively(P<0.05). The thinnest corneal thickness(TCT)at 1, 2, 6mo and 1a postoperatively were significantly larger than preoperative(P<0.05). The CET changed with time, with the central CET showing a larger variation tendency. The CET of superior, superior nasal, nasal, superior temporal in paracentral area were thinned, the CET of superior, temporal, superior temporal in midperipheral area were thinned, while the CET of superior nasal was thickened in peripheral area at 1, 2, 6mo and 1a postoperatively. The variation of CET was not correlated with the thickness or depth of lenticule at 1a postoperatively(P>0.05).CONCLUSIONS: It is firstly found that the corneal morphology has changed after SLAK-CXL. CET decreases and then increases and then decreases again. At 1a postoperatively, the CET of the central and paracentral areas is thinner, while the CET of the midperipheral and peripheral areas is thicker. The degree of epithelial remodeling is not correlated with lenticule thickness or depth.

Characterization of wheat-Thinopyrum bessarabicum genetic stock for stripe rust and Karnal bunt resistance / Caracterização do estoque genético de trigo-Thinopyrum bessarabicum para resistência de ferrugem e Karnal bunt

Abstract Utilization of modern breeding techniques for developing high yielding and uniform plant types ultimately narrowing the genetic makeup of most crops. Narrowed genetic makeup of these crops has made them vulnerable towards disease and insect epidemics. For sustainable crop production, genetic variability of these crops must be broadened against various biotic and abiotic stresses. One of the ways to widen genetic configuration of these crops is to identify novel additional sources of durable resistance. In this regard crops wild relatives are providing valuable sources of allelic diversity towards various biotic, abiotic stress tolerance and quality components. For incorporating novel variability from wild relative's wide hybridization technique has become a promising breeding method. For this purpose, wheat-Th. bessarabicum amphiploid, addition and translocation lines have been screened in field and screen house conditions to get novel sources of yellow rust and Karnal bunt resistant. Stripe rust screening under field conditions has revealed addition lines 4JJ and 6JJ as resistant to moderately resistant while addition lines 3JJ, 5JJ, 7JJ and translocation lines Tr-3, Tr-6 as moderately resistant wheat-Thinopyrum-bessarabicum genetic stock. Karnal bunt screening depicted addition lines 5JJ and 4JJ as highly resistant genetic stock. These genetic stocks may be used to introgression novel stripe rust and Karnal bunt resistance from the tertiary gene pool into susceptible wheat backgrounds.

Resumo A utilização de técnicas modernas de melhoramento para o desenvolvimento de tipos de plantas uniformes e de alto rendimento, em última análise, estreitando a composição genética da maioria das culturas. A composição genética restrita dessas plantações tornou-as vulneráveis a doenças e epidemias de insetos. Para uma produção agrícola sustentável, a variabilidade genética dessas culturas deve ser ampliada contra vários estresses bióticos e abióticos. Uma das maneiras de ampliar a configuração genética dessas culturas é identificar novas fontes adicionais de resistência durável. A esse respeito, os parentes selvagens das culturas estão fornecendo fontes valiosas de diversidade alélica para vários componentes de qualidade e tolerância ao estresse abiótico e biótico. Para incorporar a nova variabilidade da ampla técnica de hibridização de parente selvagem tornou-se um método de reprodução promissor. Para esse efeito, trigo-Th. As linhas anfiploides, de adição e translocação de bessarabicum foram selecionadas em condições de campo e de casa de tela para obter novas fontes de ferrugem amarela e resistência ao bunt de Karnal. A triagem de ferrugem em faixas em condições de campo revelou as linhas de adição 4JJ e 6JJ como resistentes a moderadamente resistentes, enquanto as linhas de adição 3JJ, 5JJ, 7JJ e as linhas de translocação Tr-3, Tr-6 como estoque genético de trigo-Thinopyrum bessarabicum moderadamente resistente. A triagem Karnal bunt descreveu as linhas de adição 5JJ e 4JJ como estoque genético altamente resistente. Esses estoques genéticos podem ser usados para introgressão da nova ferrugem e resistência ao bunt de Karnal do pool genético terciário em origens de trigo suscetíveis.

Characterization of wheat-Thinopyrum bessarabicum genetic stock for stripe rust and Karnal bunt resistance / Caracterização do estoque genético de trigo-Thinopyrum bessarabicum para resistência de ferrugem e Karnal bunt

Utilization of modern breeding techniques for developing high yielding and uniform plant types ultimately narrowing the genetic makeup of most crops. Narrowed genetic makeup of these crops has made them vulnerable towards disease and insect epidemics. For sustainable crop production, genetic variability of these crops must be broadened against various biotic and abiotic stresses. One of the ways to widen genetic configuration of these crops is to identify novel additional sources of durable resistance. In this regard crops wild relatives are providing valuable sources of allelic diversity towards various biotic, abiotic stress tolerance and quality components. For incorporating novel variability from wild relative’s wide hybridization technique has become a promising breeding method. For this purpose, wheat-Th. bessarabicum amphiploid, addition and translocation lines have been screened in field and screen house conditions to get novel sources of yellow rust and Karnal bunt resistant. Stripe rust screening under field conditions has revealed addition lines 4JJ and 6JJ as resistant to moderately resistant while addition lines 3JJ, 5JJ, 7JJ and translocation lines Tr-3, Tr-6 as moderately resistant wheat-Thinopyrum-bessarabicum genetic stock. Karnal bunt screening depicted addition lines 5JJ and 4JJ as highly resistant genetic stock. These genetic stocks may be used to introgression novel stripe rust and Karnal bunt resistance from the tertiary gene pool into susceptible wheat backgrounds.

A utilização de técnicas modernas de melhoramento para o desenvolvimento de tipos de plantas uniformes e de alto rendimento, em última análise, estreitando a composição genética da maioria das culturas. A composição genética restrita dessas plantações tornou-as vulneráveis a doenças e epidemias de insetos. Para uma produção agrícola sustentável, a variabilidade genética dessas culturas deve ser ampliada contra vários estresses bióticos e abióticos. Uma das maneiras de ampliar a configuração genética dessas culturas é identificar novas fontes adicionais de resistência durável. A esse respeito, os parentes selvagens das culturas estão fornecendo fontes valiosas de diversidade alélica para vários componentes de qualidade e tolerância ao estresse abiótico e biótico. Para incorporar a nova variabilidade da ampla técnica de hibridização de parente selvagem tornou-se um método de reprodução promissor. Para esse efeito, trigo-Th. As linhas anfiploides, de adição e translocação de bessarabicum foram selecionadas em condições de campo e de casa de tela para obter novas fontes de ferrugem amarela e resistência ao bunt de Karnal. A triagem de ferrugem em faixas em condições de campo revelou as linhas de adição 4JJ e 6JJ como resistentes a moderadamente resistentes, enquanto as linhas de adição 3JJ, 5JJ, 7JJ e as linhas de translocação Tr-3, Tr-6 como estoque genético de trigo-Thinopyrum bessarabicum moderadamente resistente. A triagem Karnal bunt descreveu as linhas de adição 5JJ e 4JJ como estoque genético altamente resistente. Esses estoques genéticos podem ser usados para introgressão da nova ferrugem e resistência ao bunt de Karnal do pool genético terciário em origens de trigo suscetíveis.

Characterization of wheat-Thinopyrum bessarabicum genetic stock for stripe rust and Karnal bunt resistance

Abstract Utilization of modern breeding techniques for developing high yielding and uniform plant types ultimately narrowing the genetic makeup of most crops. Narrowed genetic makeup of these crops has made them vulnerable towards disease and insect epidemics. For sustainable crop production, genetic variability of these crops must be broadened against various biotic and abiotic stresses. One of the ways to widen genetic configuration of these crops is to identify novel additional sources of durable resistance. In this regard crops wild relatives are providing valuable sources of allelic diversity towards various biotic, abiotic stress tolerance and quality components. For incorporating novel variability from wild relatives wide hybridization technique has become a promising breeding method. For this purpose, wheat-Th. bessarabicum amphiploid, addition and translocation lines have been screened in field and screen house conditions to get novel sources of yellow rust and Karnal bunt resistant. Stripe rust screening under field conditions has revealed addition lines 4JJ and 6JJ as resistant to moderately resistant while addition lines 3JJ, 5JJ, 7JJ and translocation lines Tr-3, Tr-6 as moderately resistant wheat-Thinopyrum-bessarabicum genetic stock. Karnal bunt screening depicted addition lines 5JJ and 4JJ as highly resistant genetic stock. These genetic stocks may be used to introgression novel stripe rust and Karnal bunt resistance from the tertiary gene pool into susceptible wheat backgrounds.

Resumo A utilização de técnicas modernas de melhoramento para o desenvolvimento de tipos de plantas uniformes e de alto rendimento, em última análise, estreitando a composição genética da maioria das culturas. A composição genética restrita dessas plantações tornou-as vulneráveis a doenças e epidemias de insetos. Para uma produção agrícola sustentável, a variabilidade genética dessas culturas deve ser ampliada contra vários estresses bióticos e abióticos. Uma das maneiras de ampliar a configuração genética dessas culturas é identificar novas fontes adicionais de resistência durável. A esse respeito, os parentes selvagens das culturas estão fornecendo fontes valiosas de diversidade alélica para vários componentes de qualidade e tolerância ao estresse abiótico e biótico. Para incorporar a nova variabilidade da ampla técnica de hibridização de parente selvagem tornou-se um método de reprodução promissor. Para esse efeito, trigo-Th. As linhas anfiploides, de adição e translocação de bessarabicum foram selecionadas em condições de campo e de casa de tela para obter novas fontes de ferrugem amarela e resistência ao bunt de Karnal. A triagem de ferrugem em faixas em condições de campo revelou as linhas de adição 4JJ e 6JJ como resistentes a moderadamente resistentes, enquanto as linhas de adição 3JJ, 5JJ, 7JJ e as linhas de translocação Tr-3, Tr-6 como estoque genético de trigo-Thinopyrum bessarabicum moderadamente resistente. A triagem Karnal bunt descreveu as linhas de adição 5JJ e 4JJ como estoque genético altamente resistente. Esses estoques genéticos podem ser usados para introgressão da nova ferrugem e resistência ao bunt de Karnal do pool genético terciário em origens de trigo suscetíveis.

Chemical synthesis of a synthetically useful L-galactosaminuronic acid building block / 中国天然药物

Most bacterial cell surface glycans are structurally unique, and have been considered as ideal target molecules for the developments of detection and diagnosis techniques, as well as vaccines. Chemical synthesis has been a promising approach to prepare well-defined oligosaccharides, facilitating the structure-activity relationship exploration and biomedical applications of bacterial glycans. L-Galactosaminuronic acid is a rare sugar that has been only found in cell surface glycans of gram-negative bacteria. Here, an orthogonally protected L-galactosaminuronic acid building block was designed and chemically synthesized. A synthetic strategy based on glycal addition and TEMPO/BAIB-mediated C6 oxidation served well for the transformation of commercial L-galactose to the corresponding L-galactosaminuronic acid. Notably, the C6 oxidation of the allyl glycoside was more efficient than that of the selenoglycoside. In addition, a balance between the formation of allyl glycoside and the recovery of selenoglycoside was essential to improve efficiency of the NIS/TfOH-catalyzed allylation. This synthetically useful L-galactosaminuronic acid building block will provide a basis for the syntheses of complex bacterial glycans.

Funcionalização do polietilenoglicol metil éter via reação de bromoacetilação: ativação, caracterização por MALDI-TOF e mecanismo de reação / Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether functionalization by bromoacetylation reaction: Activation, characterization by MALDI-TOF and reaction mechanism / Funcionalización de polietilenglicol metil éter mediante reacción de bromoacetilación: activación, caracterización por MALDI-TOF y mecanismo de reacción

Resumo A PEGuilação, reação química de conjugação com a molécula de polietilenoglicol (PEG) ou polietilenoglicol metil éter (mPEG), tem sido amplamente aplicada pelas indústrias farmacêuticas como estratégia de melhoria das propriedades farmaco-cinéticas de compostos bioativos. O PEG é um polímero que possui um esqueleto de poliéter quimicamente inerte e que apresenta grupos hidroxilas (-OH) em suas extremidades. Assim, o PEG para tornar-se apto como reagente de conjugação deve ser ativado com um grupo funcional que seja reativo. Nesse sentido, a bromoaceti-lação apresenta-se como uma alternativa para a funcionalização do PEG. Portanto, nesse trabalho objetivamos descrever em detalhes os procedimentos e o mecanismo de reação envolvida na funcionalização do mPEG, através da reação de bromoacetilação. Além do mais, estudamos a aplicação do MALDI-ToF para a caracterização do produto ativado. Após a bromoacetilação, por um procedimento adaptado, obteve-se o bromoacetil-mPEG-éster, com rendimento bruto de 56,78%. Análises posteriores, por espectrometria de massas por MALDI-ToF, possibilitaram identificar e caracterizar o produto bromoacetilado. Entre as condições de reação, o controle de temperatura (-10 °C a 0 °C) mostrou-se eficaz favorecendo a adição nucleofílica essencial à bromoacetilação. Assim, concluímos que o controle da baixa temperatura reacional é um fator chave para o favorecimento da adição nucleofílica à carbonila e, portanto, essencial na obtenção do mPEG funcionalizado via bromoacetilação. Estudos posteriores serão necessários, no entanto, para confirmar se o mPEG esterificado, nessas condições, poderá ser utilizado na conjugação com moléculas de natureza proteica ou peptídica, por meio de substituição nucleofílica bimolecular.

SUMMARY PEGylation, a chemical reaction of conjugation with the polyethylene glycol molecule (PEG), has been widely applied by the pharmaceutical industries as a strategy to improve the pharmacokinetic properties of bioactive compounds. PEG is a polymer that has a chemically inert polyether backbone and hydroxyl groups (-OH) at its ends. Thus, PEG to become fit as a reagent for conjugation must be activated with a functional group that is reactive. In this sense, bromoacetylation presents itself as an alternative for the functionalization of PEG. Therefore, in this study we aim to describe in detail the procedures and reaction mechanism involved in the functionalization of mPEG through the bromoacetylation reaction. In addition, we used the spectrometric technique, by MALDI-ToF, for the characterization of the activated product. After applying an adapted bromoacetylation procedure, bromoacetyl-mPEG-ester was obtained with a yield of 56.78%. Subsequent analyzes of MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry were able to correctly identify and characterize the bromoacety-lated product. Among the reaction conditions, temperature control (from -10 °C to 0 °C) was effective in favoring the essential nucleophilic addition to bromoacetylation. Thus, we conclude that the control of the low reaction temperature is a key factor in favoring the nucleophilic addition to carbonyl and, therefore, obtaining a favorable conversion to functionalized PEG via bromoacetylation. Further studies, however, will be necessary to confirm whether PEG esterified with these conditions can be used in conjunction with molecules of a protein or peptide nature by means of bimolecular nucleophilic substitution.

RESUMEN La PEGilación, una reacción química de conjugación con la molécula de polietilenglicol (PEG), ha sido ampliamente aplicada por las industrias farmacéuticas como una estrategia para mejorar las propiedades farmacocinéticas de los compuestos bioactivos. El PEG es un polímero formado por un esqueleto de poliéter químicamente inerte con grupos hidroxilo (-OH) en sus extremos. Por lo tanto, para usar el PEG como reactivo de conjugación debe activarse con un grupo funcional que sea reactivo. En este sentido, la bromoacetilación es una alternativa para la funcionalización de PEG. De esta manera, en este trabajo nuestro objetivo es describir en detalle los procedimientos y el mecanismo de reacción involucrados en la funcionalización de PEG a través de la reacción de bromoacetilación. Además, estudiamos la aplicación de MALDI-ToF para la caracterización del producto activado. Después de aplicar un procedimiento de bromoacetilación adaptado, se obtuvo bromoacetil-mPEG-éster con un rendimiento bruto de 56,78%. Los análisis posteriores de espectrometría de masas por MALDI-ToF pudieron identificar y caracterizar correctamente el producto bromoacetilado. Entre las condiciones de reacción, el control de la temperatura (desde -10 °C hasta 0 °C) fue eficaz para favorecer la adición nucleofílica esencial a la bromoacetilación. Así, concluimos que el control de la baja temperatura de reacción es un factor clave para favorecer la adición nucleofílica al carbonilo y, por lo tanto, esencial para obtener el mPEG funcionalizado mediante la bromoacetilación. Sin embargo, serán necesarios más estudios para confirmar si el mPEG esterificado en estas condiciones puede usarse junto con moléculas de naturaleza proteica o peptídica por medio de la sustitución nucleófila bimolecular.

Enhancing Farmer Income through Value Addition to Rice in Khammam District, India

Rice is the staple food to half of world’s population providing more than one fifth of the calories consumed worldwide. Cereal grains are rich sources of phenolic compounds present in cell walls that help in combating many life style diseases occurring due to oxidative stress. Rice has been domesticated more than 10000 years ago but even today the farmers prefer selling freshly harvested paddy at a lower price. Few entrepreneurial farmers have come up with the idea of primary processing the paddy as semi polished and brown rice that can fetch them more profits along with providing health benefits. Each Kg of paddy, white, semi polished and brown rice cost Rs. 17 – 18.50, 46 – 48, 58 – 60 and 65 respectively. Similarly, one Kg of brokens get Rs. 15, bran Rs. 12 during season and Rs. 20 during off season. The rice without any processing fetched the farmer profit of about Rs. 24400 to 36000 on an average per acre. But if the farmer subjected the rice to primary processing and sold as white, semi polished or brown rice, the profits generated per acre were Rs. 57156 – 66480 Rs. Rs. 82996 – 102400and Rs. 105910 – 120400 can be generated. As can be seen the decrease in processing produced lower quantity of brokens and bran and income from them was comparatively lower than on processed rice indicating that there can be rise in income with minimal processing with added health benefits. There can an increase in profits by 4 to 5 times due to primary processing benefiting the paddy growers. The white, semi polished and brown rice can increase the income of farmer by 76.92, 127.79 and 161.58% per one bag of paddy weighing 75 Kg. There was a significant decrease in brokens and bran produced in semi polished and brown rice that actually fetch less prize than the actual produce. The growing awareness of consumers towards health foods, improved eating habits and health consciousness is expanding brown rice market at higher compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) compared to overall rice market.

Influence of Fractional Composition of Dietary Supplements "Majmui Rahmoniy" on Mycobacterium smegmatis

Despite the availability of anti-TB drugs, the proportion of cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR) is increasing. One of the important tasks to identify effective drugs in nature is the study of numerous experiments of traditional medicine. This work is devoted to the study of chemical, biochemical, medical evaluation of the new therapeutic food additive "Majmui Rahmoniy", and its effective effect on Mycobacterium smegmatisand MS Rv2349c gene which responsible for the phospholipase activity.

Impact of cancelling medical consumables addition policy on cost of total knee arthroplasty / 中国修复重建外科杂志

Objective: To compare the cost changes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) before and after the cancellation of medical consumables addition, so as to provide reference for the national medical reform policy. Methods: The patients treated with TKA between September 2018 and February 2019 were admitted as objects of study, and 372 of them met the selection criteria and were finally included in the study. According to the time node of cancelling the medical consumables addition (December 24, 2018), all patients were allocated to pre-cancelling and post-cancelling groups ( n=186). The clinical data of patients (gender, age, length of stay, disease classification), and various treatment costs (the costs of diagnosis and treatment, examination, laboratory, material, anesthesia, bed, nursing, operation, drug, and others) were collected. And the changes of various costs and proportions before and after cancelling the medical consumables addition were compared. Results: There was no significant difference in gender, age, and disease classification between the two groups ( P>0.05); the length of stay after cancelling the medical consumables addition was significantly longer than that before cancelling ( t=2.114, P=0.035). There was no significant difference in the total cost of TKA before and after cancelling the medical consumables addition ( t=0.214, P=0.831). Compared with that before cancelling the medical consumables addition, the cost of material was significantly reduced, and the costs of diagnosis and treatment, anesthesia, nursing, and operation were significantly increased ( P0.05). Conclusion: The total cost of TKA is stable, the proportion of material cost is significantly reduced, the proportion of diagnosis and treatment cost reflecting the technical content of medical staff is significantly increased, which is in line with the expectation of the national policy of cancelling the medical consumables addition.

Simultaneously detect three illegal additive components in Yinhuang soft capsule by TLC-SERS / 药学实践杂志

Objective To establish a simultaneous detection of diclofenac sodium, fenbufen and rotundine hydrochloride illegally added in Yinhuang soft capsules by TLC-SERS. Methods The samples to be measured were placed on the silica gel plate, and the thin layer was developed with petroleum ether-ethyl acetate (3:5). Location detection was carried out under 254 nm ultraviolet lamp. Nano-silver colloidal solution was sprayed at each spot of separation according to the optimum conditions, and then qualitative identification was done by TLC-SERS. Results A method for simultaneous determination of diclofenac sodium, fenbufen and rotundine hydrochloride illegally added in Yinhuang soft capsule by TLC-SERS was established. And the minimum detection limits of three chemical constituents were determined. Conclusion TLC-SERS was a rapid, accurate and sensitive method for the simultaneous and rapid detection of diclofenac sodium, fenbufen and rotundine hydrochloride illegally added into Yinhuang soft capsule.

Painéis de partículas elaborados do mesocarpo do dendê como alternativa ao MDF utilizado na construção civil / Particles panels prepared from dendê mesocarp as an alternative to MDF used in civil construction

RESUMO A escassez dos recursos florestais integrada à necessidade de aquisição de produtos mais ecológicos demanda o uso de outros tipos de biomassa, além da madeira no setor construtivo. Diante disso, o mesocarpo do dendê - resíduo oriundo da agroindústria e com grande potencial de utilização para desenvolvimento de novos materiais - surge como alternativa na elaboração de painéis lignocelulósicos em substituição ao MDF (medium density fiberboard) convencionalmente utilizado. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho demonstrou a viabilidade da produção e a integridade estrutural desse tipo de painel na fabricação de elementos construtivos a serem empregados na construção civil, mediante estudo comparativo entre suas propriedades com as de painéis de MDF. A metodologia consistiu na realização de ensaios de caracterização dos painéis, por meio da determinação de suas propriedades físicas (absorção de água, inchamento e densidade) e mecânicas (resistência à flexão e módulo de elasticidade), além da morfologia dos painéis produzidos, mediante a técnica de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), análise química (por meio do espectro de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier) e térmica, por meio de curvas termogravimétricas e derivada. Dos resultados obtidos, tem-se que a produção desses painéis sem aglutinantes, obtidos pela incorporação do mesocarpo de dendê, agrega valor à cadeia produtiva do dendê, além de surgir como alternativa aos desafios inerentes à produção tradicional dos painéis de madeira e, consequentemente, como opção de elemento construtivo a ser integrado à construção civil.

ABSTRACT The lack of forest resources integrated with the need of purchasing more environmentally friendly products requires the use of other types of biomass besides wood in the construction sector. Therefore, the dendê mesocarp - waste arising from the agro-industry and with great use potential in developing new materials - is an alternative in the preparation of lignocellulosic panels to replace MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard), that is conventionally used. Thus, this work demonstrated the feasibility of the production and the structural integrity of this type of panel in the manufacture of building blocks to be used in civil construction through a comparative study of their properties with the MDF panels. The methodology consists in performing characterization tests in panels through determining their physical (water absorption, swelling and density) and mechanical (flexion resistance and modulus of elasticity) properties, besides analysing the morphology of the panels produced by the Scanning Electron Microscopy (MEV) technique, performing a chemical (via infrared spectrum Fourier transform) and thermal analysis through derived thermogravimetric curves. The results obtained suggest that the production of these panels without a binder, obtained by the incorporation of dendê mesocarp, adds value to the production chain of dendê, in addition to emerge as an alternative to the challenges inherent to the traditional production of wood panels and, consequently, is considered as an option of a constructive element to be integrated with the construction.

Study on dose accumulation in IMRT for left breast cancer patients after radical mastectomy / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective@#To investigate the changes of accumulated dose in target area and organs at risk (OARs) for radiotherapy of left breast cancer by deformable and rigid image registration.@*Methods@#A total of 16 left breast cancer patients treated with 6 MV X-ray IMRT were analyzed retrospectively. All targets included the lymph node drainage area and the chest wall. All patients underwent simulation of the primary positioning and repositioning to obtain CT images. Primary and secondary treatment plans were developed using primary positioning CT (CT1) and repositioning CT (CT2), denoted as Plan1 and Plan2 respectively. The dose distribution of Plan2 was mapped to CT1 with rigid and deformable registration from CT2 to CT1 and then added to the dose distribution of Plan1 to obtain Plan-rigid and Plan-deform, respectively. The dosimetric differences between targets and the OARs of the four plans were compared.@*Results@#The CTV volume on CT2 was reduced by 6.64% from that on CT1. The homogeneity index (HI) increased by 23.05% after deformation-based accumulation. The Dice similarity coefficients (DSCs) of the heart, left lung and right lung were lower than those before deformable registration (0.94±0.01 vs. 0.89±0.05, 0.96±0.01 vs. 0.91±0.03, and 0.96±0.01 vs. 0.92±0.03, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant (Z=-3.208, -3.533, -3.535, P<0.05). There were no significant differences in dose-volume indices of heart and left lung between Plan1 with other plans(P>0.05), while the dose-volume indices in Plan-rigid were higher than that in Plan-deform.@*Conclusions@#Rigid registration is recommended in patients undergoing radical resection of left breast cancer with little change in the volume and dose-volume index of the target area and organs at risk. The dose-volume index of the initial intensity modulation plan can basically reflect the dose-volume statistics of both lungs and heart.

Study on dose accumulation in IMRT for left breast cancer patients after radical mastectomy / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To investigate the changes of accumulated dose in target area and organs at risk (OARs) for radiotherapy of left breast cancer by deformable and rigid image registration.Methods A total of 16 left breast cancer patients treated with 6 MV X-ray IMRT were analyzed retrospectively.All targets included the lymph node drainage area and the chest wall.All patients underwent simulation of the primary positioning and repositioning to obtain CT images.Primary and secondary treatment plans were developed using primary positioning CT (CT1) and repositioning CT (CT2),denoted as Plan1 and Plan2 respectively.The dose distribution of Plan2 was mapped to CT1 with rigid and deformable registration from CT2 to CT1 and then added to the dose distribution of Planl to obtain Plan-rigid and Plan-deform,respectively.The dosimetric differences between targets and the OARs of the four plans were compared.Results The CTV volume on CT2 was reduced by 6.64％ from that on CT1.The homogeneity index (HI)increased by 23.05％ after deformation-based accumulation.The Dice similarity coefficients (DSCs) of the heart,left lung and right lung were lower than those before deformable registration (0.94±0.01 vs.0.89± 0.05,0.96±0.01 vs.0.91±0.03,and 0.96±0.01 vs.0.92±0.03,respectively),and the differences were statistically significant (Z =-3.208,-3.533,-3.535,P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in dose-volume indices of heart and left lung between Plan1 with other plans (P＞0.05),while the dose-volume indices in Plan-rigid were higher than that in Plan-deform.Conclusions Rigid registration is recommended in patients undergoing radical resection of left breast cancer with little change in the volume and dose-volume index of the target area and organs at risk.The dose-volume index of the initial intensity modulation plan can basically reflect the dose-volume statistics of both lungs and heart.

Analysis of individual and combined estrogenic effects of bisphenol, nonylphenol and diethylstilbestrol in immature rats with mathematical models

BACKGROUND@#Traditional toxicological studies focus on individual compounds. However, this single-compound approach neglects the fact that the mixture exposed to human may act additively or synergistically to induce greater toxicity than the single compounds exposure due to their similarities in the mode of action and targets. Mixture effects can occur even when all mixture components are present at levels that individually do not produce observable effects. So the individual chemical effect thresholds do not necessarily protect against combination effects, an understanding of the rules governing the interactive effects in mixtures is needed. The aim of the study was to test and analyze the individual and combined estrogenic effects of a mixture of three endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP) and diethylstilbestrol (DES) in immature rats with mathematical models.@*METHOD@#In the present study, the data of individual estrogenic effects of BPA, NP and DES were obtained in uterotrophic bioassay respectively, the reference points for BPA, NP and DES were derived from the dose-response ralationship by using the traditional no observed adverse effect (NOAEL) or lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) methods, and the benchmark dose (BMD) method. Then LOAEL values and the benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BMDL) of single EDCs as the dose design basis for the study of the combined action pattern. Mixed prediction models, the 3 × 2 factorial design model and the concentration addition (CA) model, were employed to analyze the combined estrogenic effect of the three EDCs.@*RESULTS@#From the dose-response relationship of estrogenic effects of BPA, NP and DES in the model of the prepuberty rats, the BMDL(NOAEL) of the estrogenic effects of BPA, NP and DES were 90(120) mg/kg body weight, 6 mg/kg body weight and 0.10(0.25) μg/kg body weight, and the LOAEL of the the estrogenic effects of three EDCs were 240 mg/kg body weight, 15 mg/kg body weight and 0.50 μg/kg body weight, respectively. At BMDL doses based on the CA concept and the factorial analysis, the mode of combined effects of the three EDCs were dose addition. Mixtures in LOAEL doses, NP and DES combined effects on rat uterine/body weight ratio indicates antagonistic based on the CA concept but additive based on the factorial analysis. Combined effects of other mixtures are all additive by using the two models.@*CONCLUSION@#Our results showed that CA model provide more accurate results than the factorial analysis, the mode of combined effects of the three EDCs were dose addition, except mixtures in LOAEL doses, NP and DES combined effects indicates antagonistic effects based on the CA model but additive based on the factorial analysis. In particular, BPA and NP produced combination effects that are larger than the effect of each mixture component applied separately at BMDL doses, which show that additivity is important in the assessment of chemicals with estrogenic effects. The use of BMDL as point of departure in risk assessment may lead to underestimation of risk, and a more balanced approach should be considered in risk assessment.

Effect of music therapy on stress in chemically dependent people: a quasi-experimental study / Efeito da musicoterapia sobre o estresse de dependentes químicos: estudo quase-experimental / Efecto de la musicoterapia sobre el estrés de dependientes químicos: estudio cuasi-experimental

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the effect of music therapy on the stress of chemically dependent people. Method: quasi-experimental study conducted at a philanthropic institution with 18 chemically dependent people undergoing treatment. Salivary cortisol (stress hormone) was collected in three moments: before, 60 minutes after, and 120 minutes after a music therapy group intervention. Statistical analysis adopted a significance level of p < 0.05 and used the Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric tests. Results: after 60 minutes of intervention, there was a statistically significant reduction in mean salivary cortisol levels (p < 0.001). A reduction was also noted after 120 minutes, but without statistical significance (p = 0.139). Conclusion: a single session of 60 minutes of group music therapy was able to reduce stress (salivary cortisol levels) of chemically dependent people.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o efeito da musicoterapia sobre o estresse de dependentes químicos. Método: estudo quase-experimental realizado em instituição filantrópica com 18 dependentes químicos em tratamento. O cortisol salivar (hormônio do estresse) foi coletado antes, 60 e 120 minutos após única intervenção musicoterapêutica realizada em grupo. A análise estatística adotou nível de significância de p < 0,05 mediante aplicação dos testes não paramétricos de Wilcoxon e de Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados: após 60 minutos da intervenção musicoterapêutica, houve redução estatisticamente significante nas médias dos níveis de cortisol salivar (p < 0,001). Após 120 minutos, também houve redução, mas sem significância estatística (p = 0,139). Conclusão: sessão única de 60 minutos de musicoterapia em grupo mostrou-se capaz de reduzir o estresse (níveis de cortisol salivar) de dependentes químicos.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de la musicoterapia sobre el estrés de dependientes químicos. Método: estudio cuasi-experimental realizado en institución filantrópica con 18 dependientes químicos en tratamiento. El cortisol salivar (hormona del estrés) fue recogido antes, 60 y 120 minutos después de una única intervención musicoterapéutica realizada en grupo. El análisis estadístico adoptó un nivel de significancia de p <0,05 mediante la aplicación de las pruebas no paramétricas de Wilcoxon y de Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados: después de 60 minutos de la intervención musicoterapéutica, hubo reducción estadísticamente significativa en las medias de los niveles de cortisol salivar (p <0,001). Después de 120 minutos, también hubo reducción, pero sin significancia estadística (p = 0,139). Conclusión: uma única sesión de 60 minutos de musicoterapia en grupo se mostró capaz de reducir el estrés (niveles de cortisol salivar) de dependientes químicos.

EFECTO DE LA ADICIÓN DE MATERIALES RECICLABLES EN LA MASILLA PARA CONSTRUCCIÓN LIVIANA RESPECTO A LA CAPACIDAD CALORÍFICA, AISLAMIENTO TÉRMICO Y ACÚSTICO / EFFECT OF THE ADDITION OF RECYCLABLE MATERIALS IN THE LIGHTWEIGHT CONSTRUCTION MASTIC REGARDING THE CALORIFYING CAPACITY, AND THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION

Este trabajo discute los resultados de la investigación experimental conducida para estudiar la inclusión de materiales reciclables como cascarilla de arroz, poliestireno expandido (icopor) y tereftalato de polietileno ­PET­ en la masilla para construcción liviana empleada para la fabricación de placas de Drywall como respuesta a la minimización del impacto ambiental y al aprovechamiento de las propiedades de los materiales desechados que son nuevamente introducidos en procesos productivos con el fin de obtener baja conductividad térmica, alta capacidad calorífica, alta capacidad de absorción sonora y cumplir con la normativa internacional para materiales de construcción; para ello se realizaron pruebas para medir cuatro propiedades como son el aislamiento térmico, capacidad calorífica y pruebas físico-mecánicas (resistencia a la flexión y resistencia a la tracción de clavo) por medio de probetas, teniendo en cuenta la normativa ASTM C 1396/C1396M-04 y ASTM C473-03, mientras que para la prueba de aislamiento acústico se utilizaron las normas ISO 16283-1 e ISO 717-1; los resultados obtenidos se procesaron aplicando un análisis estadístico multivariado empleando el software Statgraphics Centurion XVII que estableció los valores máximos y mínimos, la correlación de Pearson y ordinal de Spearman como método de análisis para el reporte del material más eficiente respecto a las cuatro propiedades medidas. La cascarilla de arroz, sustituyendo en un 60 % el peso del yeso en la masilla original, reportó los mejores resultados en cada una de las cuatro pruebas realizadas a lo largo de la investigación; de esta manera se confirma que es un material adecuado para la implementación en procesos de construcción liviana dado que demuestra que los materiales reciclables son eficientes y además poseen propiedades específicas como resistencia, liviandad y flexibilidad que le dan un valor agregado para ser utilizados nuevamente como reemplazo de materiales tradicionales.

This paper discusses the results of the experimental research conducted to study the inclusion of recyclable materials such as rice husks, expanded polystyrene (Styrofoam), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in the mastic for lightweight construction used for the manufacture of Drywall plates in response to the minimization of the environmental impact, and the use of the properties of discarded materials that are, once again, introduced in productive processes to obtain low thermal conductivity, high heat capacity, high sound absorption capacity and that comply with international standards for construction materials. For this purpose, tests to measure four properties such as Thermal Insulation, Calorific Capacity and Physical-Mechanical Testing (Flexural Resistance and Nail Tensile Strength) were carried out by means of test pieces taking into account the ASTM C1396 / C1396M - 04 and ASTM C473 - 03, while ISO 16283-1 and ISO 717-1 were used for the acoustic insulation test. The results obtained were processed by applying a multivariate statistical analysis using the Statgraphics Centurion XVII-2015 software that established the maximum and minimum values, Pearson's correlation and Spearman's ordinal as the analysis method for reporting the most efficient material regarding the four measured properties. Rice husk, replacing by 60% the weight of plaster in the original mastic, reported the best results in each of the four tests carried out throughout the research. In this way, it is confirmed that it is a suitable material for the implementation in lightweight construction processes as it shows that recyclable materials are efficient and also have specific properties such as strength, lightness and flexibility that give an added value to be used again as a replacement of traditional materials.

Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Electrochemical Sensor Based on Fe3O4/MnO2 Doped Graphene Composites for Determination of 17β-Estradiol in Aquatic Environment / 分析化学

In this paper, Fe3O4/MnO2doped graphene molecularly imprinted hybrid material ( Fe3O4/MnO2-MIP@ RGO ) was successfully synthesized via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer ( RAFT ) molecularly imprinting technique by using methacrylic acid as functional monomer, divinylbenzene as cross-linker, Fe3O4/MnO2@ RGO as carrier, and 17β-estradiol ( 17β-E2 ) as template molecule. A novel molecularly imprinting electrochemical sensor by using Fe3O4/MnO2-MIP@ RGO modified electrode was constructed to specifically detect trace 17β-E2 in water. The experimental results showed that the Fe3O4/MnO2-MIP@ RGO electrochemical sensor exhibited rapid and linear current response to 17β-E2 in water samples with a linear range of 4 nmol/L to 0. 8 μmol/L ( R=0. 9852) , the detection limit was 47. 2 pmol/L (3σ) and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was from 2. 1% to 2. 5% . This study provides a simple and efficient, economical and reliable method for the monitoring of 17β-estradiol in the complex water environment.

Influence of monovision design of cataract surgery on the prognosis visual quality in cataract patients / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

· AIM:To investigate the influence of monovision design of cataract surgery on the prognosis visual quality in cataract patients.· METHODS:Totally 84 cases cataract patients (168 eyes) who receiving cataract surgery were enrolled from February 2016 to February 2017 in our hospital to conduct a prospective study.According to the different near addition in the monovision design,patients were divided into low near addition group (1.25D-1.75D) and high near addition group (2.25D-2.75D),each group was 42 cases.At postoperative 6mo,the binocular uncorrected near visual acuity,uncorrected intermediate visual acuity,uncorrected distance visual acuity and stereoscopic vision were compared between two groups.The visual function survival quality score before and after treatment were compared.· RESULTS:The binocular uncorrected intermediate and distance visual acuity in the low near addition group respectively was 0.27 ± 0.20,0.09 ± 0.08,and that in the high near addition group respectively was 0.29 ± 0.25,0.10±0.07,which had no statistically significant difference between two groups (P＞0.05).The binocular uncorrected near visual acuity in the high near addition group was 0.03±0.06,which was significantly better than the low near addition group 0.07 ± 0.04,the difference was statistically significant (P＜ 0.05).Before the treatment,the visual function-14(VF-14) score in each two group respectively was 27.93± 4.52,28.24 ± 4.91;after the treatment,VF-14 score in each two group respectively was 82.04±14.31,81.22±13.70,which had no statistically significant difference between two groups (P＞0.05).After treatment,the VF-14 score both significantly increased in the two groups (P＜0.05).The proportion of patients with the normal stereoscopic vision,peripheral stereovision and macular stereovision in the low near addition group respectively was 47.6％,31.0％,21.4％;and that in the high near addition group respectively was 42.9％,23.8％,33.3％,which had no statistically significant difference between two groups (P＞0.05).· CONCLUSION:Two kinds of near addition have similar advantages to cataract patients after cataract surgery on uncorrected visual acuity,the quality of visual function and stereopsis.

Effect Analysis of Hospital Expenses after Calling off Drug - addition and Price Adjustment of Medical Service in Public Hospitals / 现代医院

Objective To provide advice and basis for further reform of the medical service price by analyzing the effect on hospital expenses after calling off drug-addition and price adjustment of medical service in public hospitals at the end of 2016. Methods Comparing the changes of hospital expenses based on the data of hospital expenses before and after the implementation of the price reform policy in a provincial public hospital in Sichuan. Results After canceling the drug-addition and adjustment of medical service price, whether in the whole hospital, in the surgical department or in the non-operative department, the average cost of drugs for discharged patients has been reduced, the average costs of surgical operation and anesthesia has been increased, the ratio of change remains consistent with the policy adjustment range, the composition of drug charges and bed fee has been decreased and the proportion of drugs still ranks first in the composition ratio. Conclusion Canceling the drug-addition and price adjustment of medical service have a significant effect on hospital expenses. The adjustment of medical service price reflects the technical value of medical staff.

Terapia combinada de levotiroxina y liotironina para hipotiroidismo / Combined therapy with levothyroxine and liothyronine for hypothyroidism

INTRODUCCIÓN La suplementación habitual del hipotiroidismo se basa en la monoterapia con levotiroxina, sin embargo, algunos pacientes persisten con síntomas atribuibles al déficit de hormona tiroidea. Debido a esto se ha planteado que el uso de un tratamiento combinado con liotironina y levotiroxina otorgaría un mayor beneficio. MÉTODOS Realizamos una búsqueda en Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante el cribado de múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, analizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, realizamos un metanálisis y preparamos una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES Identificamos tres revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyeron 12 estudios primarios, todos correspondientes a ensayos aleatorizados. Concluimos que la adición de liotironina al tratamiento del hipotiroidismo tiene un efecto mínimo o nulo sobre fatiga y calidad de vida. Probablemente tampoco mejora estado de ánimo, dolor ni función cognitiva, y no reduciría el peso corporal.

INTRODUCTION The usual supplementation for hypothyroidism is based on monotherapy with levothyroxine. However, some patients persist with symptoms attributable to the deficit of thyroid hormone. It has been suggested that the a combined treatment with liothyronine and levothyroxine would provide a greater benefit. METHODS We searched in Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We identified three systematic reviews including twelve primary studies overall, all of which were randomized trials. We concluded that the addition of liothyronine to the treatment of hypothyroidism has minimal or no effect on fatigue and quality of life. It probably does not improve mood, pain or function cognitive, and it would not reduce body weight.