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1.
Rev. CES psicol ; 14(1): 100-111, ene.-abr. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1360752

ABSTRACT

Resumen Las personas interactúan con la Naturaleza tanto a nivel físico como cognitivo y emocional, y la investigación científica ha puesto de manifiesto la capacidad de la Naturaleza de procurar el bienestar de las personas. Con el objetivo de conocer si el contacto con la Naturaleza se relaciona con mayores niveles de conectividad con la Naturaleza como de bienestar, se realizaron dos estudios. El primero se llevó a cabo con dos muestras diferentes: una de adolescentes (n = 283) y otra de adultos (n = 447), quienes respondieron un cuestionario mediante el que se evaluó la conectividad con la Naturaleza y el bienestar. A partir de los resultados de una prueba t de Student se observó mayor conectividad con la Naturaleza y bienestar en personas con un contacto frecuente con la Naturaleza, en ambas muestras. En el segundo estudio (n = 63), se investigó dicha relación en personas tras realizar un recorrido por un entorno natural artificial. Los resultados del análisis de varianza muestran que las personas que realizaron el recorrido obtuvieron mayores niveles de conectividad y afecto positivo, respecto a la línea base, que quienes no vivieron esta experiencia. Este trabajo evidencia las ventajas de la intervención psicológica mediante el contacto con la Naturaleza.


Abstract Humans relate to nature at a physical, cognitive, and emotional level, and scientific research has shown how this relation impacts on people's well-being. Two studies were carried out to determine whether contact with nature is related to higher levels of connectedness and well-being; one consisted of adolescents (n = 283) and the other of adults (n = 447), who responded to a questionnaire aimed at assessing connectivity with Nature and well-being. A greater connectedness and well-being were observed in people with frequent contact with nature. In the second study (n = 63), this relationship was studied in people after taking a tour through an artificial natural environment. The results show that the people who took the tour had higher levels of connectedness and positive affect, with levels increasing with respect to the baseline. In this study, the advantages of psychological intervention through contact with nature are evident.

2.
Rev. psicol. organ. trab ; 20(4): 1257-1266, Out.-Dec. 2020. ilus
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1156850

ABSTRACT

In applied organizational research, where economy of scale is often a crucial factor in successful assessment, ultra-short measures are often needed. This study investigates the psychometric properties of the Reduced Affective Well-Being Scale (RAWS), an ultra-short measure of positive and negative affect in the workplace. This 6-item ultra-short version was compared with the original 12-item scale proposed by Segura and González-Romá (2003) in terms of internal consistency and criterion validity, using a sample of 1117 bank employees. In addition, longitudinal measurement invariance and within-subject reliability of the RAWS over time were assessed in a longitudinal sample of 458 employees at 12 time points. Results provide evidence that the RAWS is similar to the full scale in terms of reliability and validity. In addition, the RAWS shows satisfactory within-person reliability and factor loading invariance over time. In studies with intensive longitudinal designs that require repeated measures of affective well-being, the use of RAWS is a recommendable option.


Na pesquisa organizacional aplicada, onde a economia de escala é freqüentemente um fator crucial para uma avaliação bem-sucedida, medidas ultracurtas são freqüentemente necessárias. Este estudo investiga as propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Bem-Estar Afetivo Reduzido (RAWS), uma medida ultracurta de afeto positivo e negativo no local de trabalho. Esta versão ultracurta de 6 itens foi comparada com a escala original de 12 itens proposta por Segura e González-Romá (2003) em termos de consistência interna e validade de critério, usando uma amostra de 1117 funcionários do banco. Além disso, a invariância da medição longitudinal e a confiabilidade dentro do indivíduo do RAWS ao longo do tempo foram avaliadas em uma amostra longitudinal de 458 funcionários em 12 pontos no tempo. Os resultados fornecem evidências de que o RAWS é semelhante à escala completa em termos de confiabilidade e validade. Além disso, o RAWS mostra confiabilidade interna satisfatória e invariância de carga fatorial ao longo do tempo. Em estudos com desenhos longitudinais intensivos que requerem medidas repetidas de bem-estar afetivo, o uso de RAWS é uma opção recomendável.


En la investigación organizacional aplicada, donde la economía de escala es a menudo un factor crucial para una evaluación exitosa, a menudo se necesitan medidas ultracortas. Este estudio investiga las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de bienestar afectivo reducido (RAWS), una medida ultracorta de afecto positivo y negativo en el lugar de trabajo. Esta versión ultracorta de 6 ítems se comparó con la escala original de 12 ítems propuesta por Segura y González-Romá (2003) en términos de consistencia interna y validez de criterio, utilizando una muestra de 1117 empleados bancarios. Además, la invariancia de medición longitudinal y la fiabilidad intraindividual del RAWS a lo largo del tiempo se evaluaron en una muestra longitudinal de 458 empleados en 12 puntos temporales. Los resultados proporcionan evidencia de que el RAWS es similar a la escala completa en términos de fiabilidad y validez. Además, el RAWS muestra una fiabilidad intrapersona satisfactoria e invariancia de carga de factores a lo largo del tiempo. En estudios con diseños longitudinales intensivos que requieran medidas repetidas de bienestar afectivo, el uso de RAWS es una opción recomendable.

3.
Rev. Kairós ; 22(4): 141-159, dez. 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1393149

ABSTRACT

Este estudo, descritivo e observacional, objetivou apresentar o Centro-dia para Idosos, o perfil dos usuários e a aplicabilidade da Teoria dos Afetos como potência de ação e fortalecimento de vínculos. Trata-se de um equipamento público de curta permanência para idosos em situação de vulnerabilidade social e com dependência, que têm familiares. Nota-se nas visitas domiciliares de inserção dos idosos que suas situações se traduzem em isolamento, confinamento, abandono, maus-tratos, negligência, preconceito, discriminação, sujeição, pobreza afetiva, dependência, fragilidade de vínculos familiares e comunitários. Após acesso ao serviço e intervenções, se observa, nos idosos, melhora na autoestima, afetividade, autonomia, independência, convivência e fortalecimento de vínculos.


This descriptive and observational study aimed to present the Day Center for the Elderly, the profile of users, and the applicability of the theory of positive affects as a power of action and strengthening of bonds. The Day Center for the Elderly is a short-term public resource for the elderly who have family members during situations of social vulnerability and dependency. It is noted in home visits of the elderly that their situations can translate into isolation, confinement, abandonment, abuse, neglect, prejudice, discrimination, subjection, affective poverty, dependence, and fragility of family and community bonds. After access to the services and interventions, we observed an improvement in self-esteem, affectivity, autonomy, independence, coexistence and strengthening of bonds.


Este estudio descriptivo y observacional tuvo como objetivo presentar el Centro-Día para Ancianos, el perfil de los usuarios y la aplicabilidad de la teoría de los afectos positivos como potencia de acción y de fortalecimiento de lazos. Es una instalación pública a corto plazo para ancianos en situaciones de vulnerabilidad social y dependencia, que tienen familiares. Se observa en las visitas domiciliarias de inserción de ancianos que sus situaciones se traducen en aislamiento, encierro, abandono, maltrato, negligencia, prejuicio, discriminación, sujeción, pobreza afectiva, dependencia, fragilidad de los lazos familiares y comunitarios. Después del acceso al servicio y las intervenciones, se observa en los ancianos una mejora en la autoestima, afectividad, autonomía, independencia, convivencia y fortalecimiento de lazos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Aged/psychology , Adult Day Care Centers , Frail Elderly , Affect , Social Vulnerability
4.
Ter. psicol ; 37(1): 25-37, abr. 2019. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1004791

ABSTRACT

Resumen La investigación hasta la fecha ha prestado poca atención a la regulación del afecto positivo en la adolescencia. Nuestros objetivos fueron construir un cuestionario para evaluar las respuestas al afecto positivo en adolescentes y estudiar las relaciones que presentan con el ajuste psicológico. Una muestra de 1.810 adolescentes completó el cuestionario de respuestas al afecto positivo (con tres dimensiones: rumiación positiva centrada en la emoción, rumiación positiva centrada en uno mismo e inhibición) y tres autoinformes de ajuste psicológico (satisfacción vital, autoestima y síntomas depresivos). El cuestionario mostró buena fiabilidad por consistencia interna y la misma estructura factorial que estudios previos con adultos. Un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales indicó que las respuestas de rumiación positiva centrada en la emoción y en uno mismo se relacionaron positivamente con la satisfacción vital y la autoestima, y negativamente con los síntomas depresivos, mientras que la inhibición del afecto positivo presentó asociaciones opuestas.


Abstract Research to date has paid little attention to positive affect regulation in adolescence. Our aims were to examine psychometric properties of a questionnaire to assess responses to positive affect in adolescents and to study the relationships these responses have with psychological adjustment. A sample of 1,810 adolescents completed the responses to positive affect questionnaire (with three dimensions: emotion-focused and self-focused positive rumination, and dampening) and three self-report measures of psychological adjustment (i.e. life satisfaction, self-esteem and depressive symptoms). The questionnaire had good internal consistency reliability and the same factor structure as previous studies using adult samples. Secondly, a structural equation model showed that emotion-focused and self-focused responses were positively related to life satisfaction and self-esteem, and negatively to depressive symptoms, while dampening presented opposite associations.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Affect , Emotions , Emotional Adjustment , Personal Satisfaction , Self Concept , Adaptation, Psychological , Surveys and Questionnaires , Depression/psychology , Self Report
5.
Suma psicol ; 25(2): 133-145, jul.-dic. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1004729

ABSTRACT

Abstract In this research we analyzed the psychometric properties of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) in samples coming from four independent studies: university students (Study 1, n = 392; Study 2, n = 395), general adult population (Study 3, n = 316), and athletes (Study 4, n = 533). Through confirmatory analyses we evaluated the following models: (a) two-factor model (Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988), (b) three-factor model by Mehrabian (1997), (c) three-factor model by Gaudreau, Sánchez and Blondin (2006) and (d) bi-factor model (Leue & Beauducel, 2011), all of them in their oblique and orthogonal variants. Several models presented an acceptable fit, but only after allowing correlated errors and excluding the items alert and excited. While orthogonal solutions of the three models showed the best fit in Studies 2, 3 and 4, oblique solutions presented the best fit in Study 1. Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability and omega indexes oscillated between .55 and .89. Considering the original theoretical model and the practical utility of the PANAS, we favor the model of two orthogonal factors, excluding the aforementioned items.


Resumen En esta investigación analizamos las propiedades psicométricas del Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) en muestras de cuatro estudios independientes: estudiantes universitarios (Estudio 1, n = 392; Estudio 2, n = 395), población general adulta (Estudio 3, n = 316) y atletas (Estudio 4, n = 533). Mediante análisis confirmatorios evaluamos los siguientes modelos: (a) dos factores (Watson, Clark & Tellegen, 1988), (b) tres factores por Mehrabian (1997), (c) tres factores por Gaudreau, Sánchez and Blondín (2006) y (d) bi-factorial (Leue & Beauducel, 2011), todos en sus variantes oblicua y ortogonal. Varios modelos presentaron un ajuste aceptable, pero solo después de permitir correlacionar los errores y excluir los ítems alerta y excitado. Mientras que las soluciones ortogonales de los tres modelos mostraron un mejor ajuste en los Estudios 2, 3 y 4, las soluciones oblicuas presentaron un mejor ajuste en el Estudio 1. El alfa de Cronbach, la confiabilidad compuesta y el índice omega oscilaron entre .55 y .89. Considerando el modelo teórico original y la utilidad práctica del PANAS, nos inclinamos hacia el modelo de dos factores ortogonales, excluyendo los ítems antes mencionados.

6.
Estud. Interdiscip. Psicol ; (9): 4-20, ago. 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-946650

ABSTRACT

Esta pesquisa objetivou relacionar os construtos Forças de Caráter, Afetos e Interesses Profissionais em universitários, utilizando os instrumentos: Escala de Forças de Caráter (EFC), Escala de Afetos Zanon (EAZ), Escala de Aconselhamento Profissional (EAP) e um Questionário Sociodemográfico. Participaram do estudo 350 universitários de diferentes cursos com idades entre 17 a 53 anos (M= 22,57; DP= 5,96). As forças se correlacionaram positivamente com os afetos positivos e com as dimensões dos interesses, sendo que Ciências Agrárias foi a dimensão com as correlações mais altas. Participantes com idades acima de 19 anos apresentam mais Amor ao Aprendizado, Perseverança e Interesses por Atividades Burocráticas. Conclui-se que forças e afetos positivos podem ser relacionados e utilizados de maneira a auxiliar o desenvolvimento das características positivas dos indivíduos e que a relação das forças com as dimensões pode caracterizar possíveis personalidades que demonstram interesse por determinada área.


This research aimed to relate the constructs Character Forces, Affects, and Professional Interests in university students, using the instruments: Escala de Forças de Caráter (EFC), Escala de Afetos Zanon (EAZ), Escala de Aconselhamento Profissional (EAP), and a Socio-demographic Questionnaire. A total of 350 college students from different courses, aged between 17 and 53 (M = 22.57; SD = 5.96) participated in the study. The forces correlated positively with the positive affects and with the dimensions of interests, and Agrarian Sciences was the dimension with the highest correlations. Participants over the age of 19 have more Love for Learning, Perseverance, and Interests for Bureaucratic Activities. It is concluded that positive forces and affections can be related and used in a way to help the development of the positive characteristics of the individuals and that the relation of the forces with the dimensions can characterize possible personalities that show interest by a certain area.


Este estudio tuvo como objetivo relacionar el carácter construye Fuerzas, afectos e intereses profesionales en la universidad, el uso de los instrumentos: Escala de Forças de Caráter (EFC), Escala de Afetos Zanon (EAZ), Escala de Aconselhamento Profissional (EAP), y cuestionario demográfico. En el estudio participaron 350 alumnos de diferentes cursos de edades comprendidas entre 17-53 años (M = 22.57, SD = 5,96). Las fuerzas se correlacionaron positivamente con afecto positivo y las dimensiones de intereses y Ciencias Agrícolas fue la dimensión donde las correlaciones Estudos Interdisciplinares em Psicologia, Londrina, v. 9, n. 2, p. 04-20, ago. 2018 5 más altas. Los participantes mayores de 19 años tienen más amor por el aprendizaje, perseverancia e intereses por las actividades burocráticas. En conclusión, las fortalezas y las emociones positivas pueden ser vinculados y se utilizan con el fin de ayudar al desarrollo de las características positivas de los individuos y de la relación de fuerzas con las dimensiones pueden caracterizar posibles personalidades que demuestran interés en un área determinada


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Mentors , Vocational Guidance , Career Choice
7.
Univ. psychol ; 17(1): 104-113, ene.-mar. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-979477

ABSTRACT

Resumen Se presenta en esta investigación una versión corta de 30 ítems del Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire ([MASQ]; Cuestionario de Síntomas de Ansiedad y del Humor) diseñado para medir las tres dimensiones del modelo tripartito de la ansiedad y la depresión, a saber, el Afecto Negativo (AN), el Afecto Positivo (AP) y la Ansiedad Somática (AS). Esta adaptación es una versión holandesa que se administró a una muestra de la población general canaria. Los objetivos propuestos son conocer la validez de constructo del MASQE30, mediante análisis factoriales exploratorio y confirmatorio, así como sus propiedades psicométricas y la validez convergente, discriminante y predictiva con ansiedad y depresión evaluadas con cuestionarios. Los resultados confirman la adecuada validez de constructo del MASQE30, así como coeficientes de consistencia interna que oscilan entre 0.88 y 0.92 y una estabilidad temporal que va desde 0.47 a 0.68. Los resultados corroboran que el AN y AS son compartidos por la ansiedad y la depresión, y el AP es específico de la depresión. El AN y AP corroboran las predicciones del modelo, pero no el resultado de AS. Se propone el MASQE30 como un instrumento adecuado para el estudio dimensional de la depresión y la ansiedad en población clínica y comunitaria.


Abstract In this investigation, we present a short 30-item version of the Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire (MASQS30), designed to measure the three dimensions of the tripartite model of anxiety and depression, namely, negative affect (NA), positive affect (PA), and somatic anxiety (SA). This adaptation is from a Dutch version that we administered to a sample of the general canarian population. The proposed goals are to determine the construct validity of the MASQS30 through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, as well as its psychometric properties, and convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity with anxiety and depression as assessed through questionnaires. The results confirm adequate construct validity of the MASQS30, as well as internal consistency coefficients ranging between 0.88 and 0.92, and temporal stability, ranging from 0.47 to 0.68. The results corroborate that NA and SA are shared by anxiety and depression, whereas PA is specific to depression. NA and PA corroborate the predictions of the model, but the result of SA does not. The MASQS30 is proposed as an adequate instrument for the dimensional study of depression and anxiety in clinical and community population.


Subject(s)
Patient Health Questionnaire
8.
Univ. psychol ; 17(1): 221-236, ene.-mar. 2018. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-979487

ABSTRACT

Abstract This study investigates how leadership intellectual stimulation relates to team positive affect and team learning. We explore the role of positive affect as mediator between leadership intellectual stimulation and team learning. Using a cross-sectional sample of 562 employees, nested within 130 teams from 44 small- and medium-size organizations, we implemented Structural Equation Model analysis at the team level. Results provide evidence of the strong relationship that intellectual stimulation has on team learning and team positive affect, as well as the potential of positive affect for stimulating team learning. Team positive affect serves as a partial mediator between intellectual stimulation and team learning, contributing to explain significant additional variance. Leadership intellectual stimulation is a relevant team social resource that provides support for team learning. Also, positive affect contributes significantly to improve learning among teams. This suggests the importance of developing leadership behaviors that encourage learning and team positive affect, which contributes to team learning and hence, performance.


Resumen Este estudio examina cómo la estimulación intelectual de los líderes se relaciona con el afecto positivo y el aprendizaje de los equipos. En específico, explorarnos el rol mediador del afecto positivo entre la relación de la estimulación intelectual de los líderes y al aprendizaje a nivel de los equipos. Realizamos análisis de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales a nivel grupal utilizando una muestra transversal de 562 empleados, anidados en 130 equipos de 40 pequeñas y medianas organizaciones. Los resultados proveen evidencia de la fuerte relación entre la estimulación intelectual y el afecto positivo, así como del potencial del afecto positivo para estimular el aprendizaje del equipo. El afecto positivo sirve como un mediador parcial contribuyendo a explicar varianza adicional significativa. La estimulación intelectual de los líderes es un recurso social relevante que provee apoyo al aprendizaje en los equipos. Del mismo modo, el afecto positivo contribuye significativamente a mejorar el aprendizaje. Esto sugiere la importancia de desarrollar comportamientos de los líderes que fomenten el aprendizaje y el afecto positivo, los cuales contribuyen al aprendizaje y al desempeño a nivel grupal.


Subject(s)
Organizational Culture , Employee Incentive Plans/organization & administration , Interdisciplinary Placement/history , Leadership
9.
Univ. psychol ; 16(4): 272-281, oct.-dic. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-963320

ABSTRACT

Resumen México está entre los países más felices del mundo a pesar de sus bajas puntuaciones en prácticamente todos los elementos que proveen bienestar, y requiere de indicadores psicosociales que expliquen la felicidad de los mexicanos. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de felicidad de Lima (EFL) en una muestra heterogénea mexicana. La EFL considera la felicidad como un comportamiento multidimensional con una importante carga cultural para población latina. Se realizaron análisis factorial exploratorio y análisis factorial confirmatorio mediante el método de ecuaciones estructurales. Los estudios se efectuaron con dos muestras heterogéneas de 600 mexicanos cada una. Los resultados obtenidos llevaron a identificar un modelo bifactorial donde el afecto positivo correlaciona positivamente con la satisfacción con la vida.


Abstract Mexico among the happiest countries in the world despite their low scores on virtually all elements that provide well-being, requires psychosocial indicators that explain the happiness of Mexicans. The objective of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the lime happiness scale (LHS) in a heterogeneous Mexican sample. The LHS considers happiness as a multidimensional behavior with an important cultural burden for the Latino population. Exploratory factorial analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed using the structural equations method. The studies were carried out with two heterogeneous samples of 600 Mexicans each. The results obtained led to the identification of a bifactorial model where positive affect correlates positively with satisfaction with life.


Subject(s)
Factor Analysis, Statistical , Happiness
10.
Temas psicol. (Online) ; 24(1): 1-15, mar. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-788636

ABSTRACT

Trata-se de estudo de casos múltiplos com objetivo de investigar qualitativamente o bem-estar subjetivo de crianças e adolescentes em situação de rua. Participaram 6 adolescentes de Fortaleza (10-17 anos), todos do sexo masculino. Destes, três viviam em instituição de acolhimento, dois em serviço aberto e um na rua. Utilizou-se entrevista estruturada, figuras representativas dos contextos (escola, família, rua, amigos e instituição) e diário de campo para contemplar os aspectos de satisfação de vida, afetos positivos e negativos. A análise de conteúdo permitiu identificar uma avaliação positiva da satisfação de vida pela maioria dos adolescentes. Eles tenderam a relacioná-la à rede de apoio, projetos futuros e estar vivendo numa situação melhor do que vivia antes de virem para a rua. Atribuiu-se os afetos positivos ao relacionamento com os pares, à presença dos familiares, apoio das instituições para familiares e envolvimento em atividades lúdicas e de lazer. Já os afetos negativos relacionaram-se aos conflitos e brigas (com amigos, familiares e profissionais das instituições), preconceitos da sociedade, punições por desobedecer regras, realização de atividades domésticas e violência física e sexual. A rua e a família foram os contextos mais associados aos afetos negativos quando comparados à instituição, à escola e aos amigos. Porém, os afetos positivos não estiveram excluídos da rua e da família. Enfatiza-se a importância de estudos acerca dos processos positivos, os quais propõem uma leitura mais abrangente do desenvolvimento humano em contextos de vulnerabilidade e que não estejam baseados exclusivamente no levantamento de indicadores de risco vivenciados por essas populações.


This multiple case study aimed to investigate qualitatively the subjective well-being of children and adolescents that live on streets. Six male adolescents from Fortaleza city (10-17 years old) participated. Three were living in the foster care institution, two on temporary shelter and one on the streets. Structured interviews, pictures representing different contexts (school, family, streets, friends and institution), and field notes were used to contemplate the aspects of life satisfaction, positive and negative affects. Content analysis allowed the identification of a positive evaluation of life satisfaction by most adolescents. They tended to relate it to their support network, to future projects and by comparing their improved present situation to the time spent on the streets. Positive affects were related to relationships with partners, presence of family, support from institutions to family and involvement in recreational and leisure activities. Whereas negative affects were related to conflicts and quarrels (with friends, family and professional institutions), prejudices of society, punishment for disobeying rules, performing household activities and physical and sexual violence. The streets and family were the most associated with negative affects compared to the institution, school and friends. However, positive affects were not excluded from the streets and family. It can be emphasized the importance of studies related to the positive processes that propose a more comprehensive reading of the human development in contexts of vulnerability and that are not based solely on the survey of risk indicators experienced by these populations.


Es un estudio de casos múltiple para investigar cualitativamente el bienestar subjetivo de los niños y adolescentes que viven en la calle. Participaron 6 adolescentes de Fortaleza (10-17 años), todos de sexo masculino. Tres vivían en institución de acogida, dos en servicio abierto y uno en la calle. Utilizamos entrevistas estructuradas, figuras representativas de contextos (escuela, familia, calle, amigos y institución) y diario de campo para incluir asuntos de satisfacción con la vida y afectos. Análisis de contenido permitió identificar un balance positivo acerca de la satisfacción con la vida en la mayoría de los adolescentes. Tendieron a relacionarla con red de apoyo, proyectos futuros y vivir en una mejor situación que antes de su salida a la calle. Atribuyeron afectos positivos a relación con pares, presencia de miembros de la familia, apoyo de las instituciones para la familia y participación en actividades recreativas y de ocio. Relacionaron emociones negativas con conflictos y peleas (con amigos, familia y instituciones profesionales), discriminación por parte de la sociedad, castigos por desobedecer reglas, realización de tareas domésticas y violencia física y sexual. La calle y familia fueron contextos que más se asociaron con efectos negativos en comparación con institución, escuela y amigos. Sin embargo, afectos positivos no fueron excluidos de la calle y familia. Hacemos hincapié en la importancia de estudios sobre procesos positivos, que ofrecen una lectura más amplia del desarrollo humano en contextos de vulnerabilidad y no basadas exclusivamente en un sondeo de los factores de riesgo experimentados por estas poblaciones.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Adolescent , Affect , Homeless Youth , Ill-Housed Persons , Personal Satisfaction
11.
Psicol. Caribe ; 32(3): 410-423, ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-773309

ABSTRACT

El Modelo Bifactorial de Afectividad de Watson y Tellengen se ha postulado para la diferenciación de la ansiedad y la depresión en Europa y Norteamérica, pero no se han reportado estudios en población cubana de edad media. El objetivo de esta investigación fue investigar la Afectividad Positiva (AP) y la Afectividad Negativa (AN) en personas sin psicopatología, con sintomatología predominantemente ansiosa, depresiva o mixta. La muestra fue de 219 personas; 19,2% con sintomatología ansiosa, 17,8% depresiva, 23,7% mixta y el resto sin síntomas. Se utilizó el Inventario de Afecto Positivo y Negativo (PANAS) para estudiar la afectividad y la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión de Goldberg (EADG) para diferenciar los subgrupos diagnósticos. Se utilizó el ANOVA de un factor con el Método de la Diferencia Significativa Honesta de Tukey para establecer las diferencias. Se encontró que la AP era menor en los depresivos tal y como predice el Modelo, pero no se cumplió la predicción de que la AP diferenciaría a los ansiosos de las personas sin síntomas, y se encontró que en el grupo con sintomatología mixta había mayor AN y menor AP que en los otros subgrupos patológicos, lo cual alerta sobre la necesidad de evaluar los modelos desarrollados en otras culturas.


Two-Factor Model of Emotion of Watson and Tellengen has been investigated for the differentiation of anxiety and depression in Europe and North America, but no studies have been reported on middle-aged Cuban population. The objective of this research was to investigate the negative (NA) and positive affectivity (PA) in individuals without psychopathology, predominantly anxious, depressive or mixed symptoms. The sample was 219 subjects; 19.2% with symptoms of anxiety, 17.8% has depression, 23.7% mixed anxiety and depression symptoms, and the rest without symptoms. Positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS) was used to study emotion; and Anxiety and Depression Scale Goldberg (GADS) to differentiate diagnostic subgroups. The one-way ANOVA was used with the method of Tukey Honest Significant Difference. We found that AP was lower in depressive as predicted by the model, but the prediction that the AP would differentiate anxious people without symptoms was fulfilled, which highlights the need to evaluate the models developed in other cultures.

12.
Univ. psychol ; 13(3): 1017-1026, jul.-set. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-745678

ABSTRACT

Las variables psicológicas y especialmente la variables positivas han mostrado múltiples beneficios para los seres humanos. Importante evidencia indica que los sujetos con mejor bienestar, altos niveles de felicidad y emociones positivas muestran mejores indicadores de salud. El optimismo es una variable positiva ampliamente estudiada y con gran evidencia sobre sus beneficios en la salud. Sin embargo, modelos explicativos acerca de cómo se producen estos beneficios han sido menos estudiados. Se ha propuesto evaluar un modelo que establece cómo el optimismo puede ser una variable causal de la salud, mediada por los afectos positivos y negativos. Se realizó un análisis de modelo de ecuaciones estructurales para probar un modelo explicativo. Participaron 995 personas con edades entre los 18 y 60 años. Se evaluó el optimismo disposicional, afecto positivo y negativo, así como salud mental y física. Los resultados muestran que el ajuste al modelo es adecuado, permitiendo considerar al optimismo como una variable explicativa de la salud tanto física y como mental, mediado por afecto positivo y negativo.


Psychological variables and especially the positive variables have shown multiple benefits for humans. Important evidence indicates that subjects with better well-being higher levels of happiness and positive emotions show better health indicators. Optimism is a positive variable widely studied and strong evidence of its benefits on the health of individuals. However, an explanatory model about how these benefits occur has been less studied. It has been proposed to evaluate a model that establishes optimism can be a causal variable health mediated the positive and negative affects. An analysis of structural equation modeling was conducted to test an explanatory model. Participants 995 people aged between 18 and 60 years old. Dispositional optimism, positive and negative affect as well as mental and physical health was assessed. Structural model analysis was conducted to test an explanatory model. The results show that the model is suitable adjustment to consider allowing optimism as an explanatory variable of both physical and mental health mediated by positive and negative affect.


Subject(s)
Social Welfare , Mental Health , Optimism
13.
Ter. psicol ; 31(1): 59-68, Apr. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-671290

ABSTRACT

Objective. We examined whether benefit finding (BF) in children with a life-threatening illness (such as cancer or organ transplantation) would be related to a wide range of positive and negative measures of psychological functioning and some medical variables. Methods. A sample of children with a life threatening illness (N=67, ages 7-18 years) completed the Benefit Finding Scale for Children (BFSC) and other positive and negative measures of psychological functioning. Results. Children exposed to a moderate severity of their disease had the strongest levels of BF. While BF was positively associated with different dimensions of well-being, it was generally not related to distress with some exceptions in the health-related quality of life domain. Conclusion. Our results showed that BF reflects a positive outcome in its own right and not just a mere reduction of distress. Yet, there are some health-related domains of quality of life that should be considered in therapeutic intervention to facilitate BF.


Objetivo. Examinamos en qué medida la percepción de beneficios o benefit finding (BF) en niños con una enfermedad amenazante para la vida (como el cáncer o el trasplante de órganos) estaría relacionado con un rango de medidas positivas y negativas de funcionamiento psicológico así como con algunas variables médicas. Método. Una muestra de niños con una enfermedad amenazante para la vida (N=67, edad entre 7 y 18 años) completaron la Escala de Percepción de Beneficios para Niños (Benefit Finding Scale for Children, BFSC) y otras medidas positivas y negativas de funcionamiento psicológico. Resultados. Los niños expuestos a una enfermedad de gravedad moderada mostraron niveles más altos de BF. BF se asoció positivamente a diferentes dimensiones de bienestar. Sin embargo, no se encontró relación con medidas de malestar, a excepción de algunos dominios de calidad de vida relacionados con la enfermedad. Conclusión. Estos resultados mostraron que el BF refleja un resultado positivo en sí mismo y no una mera reducción de malestar. A pesar de eso, deben considerarse algunos dominios de calidad de vida relacionados con la salud a la hora de realizar intervenciones terapéuticas para facilitar la percepción de beneficios.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Child , Adaptation, Psychological , Neoplasms/psychology , Psychological Tests , Personal Satisfaction , Organ Transplantation/psychology , Affect , Resilience, Psychological , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
14.
Univ. psychol ; 12(2): 413-419, may.-agos. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-689603

ABSTRACT

The way in which positive and negative affects are perceived may be associated with a distinct pattern of behaviors and attitudes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between various combinations of affections and gender along with tendencies towards neuroticism, rumination, reflection, and life satisfaction. The participants were 348 students, who answered the questionnaire in groups. The euphoric group showed the highest scores of life satisfaction and emotional stability, while the dysphoric group presented the lowest scores. The emotional and apathetic groups showed no significant differences in relation to life satisfaction, depression, anxiety and vulnerability. From these results, it can be assumed that positive affect can lessen the impact that negative affect has on the development of vulnerability and other psychopathological symptoms. Interventions based on positive affect increase might be efficient to prevent vulnerability.


La forma en que los afectos positivos y negativos son percibidos puede estar asociada con un patrón diferenciado de comportamientos y actitudes. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la relación entre varias combinaciones de afectos y género, junto con tendencias hacia el neuroticismo, la rumiación, la reflexión y la satisfacción vital. Los participantes fueron 348 estudiantes que respondieron al cuestionario en grupos. El grupo eufórico mostró las puntuaciones más altas en satisfacción vital y estabilidad emocional, mientras que el grupo disfórico presentó las puntuaciones más bajas. Los grupos emocional y apático no mostraron diferencias significativas en relación con la satisfacción vital, depresión, ansiedad y vulnerabilidad. A partir de estos resultados, se puede suponer que el afecto positivo puede reducir el impacto que el afecto negativo tiene en el desarrollo de la vulnerabilidad y de otros sintomas psicopatológicos. Intervenciones que se basan en el aumento de afecto positivo podrían ser eficientes para prevenir la vulnerabilidad.


Subject(s)
Psychometrics , Emotions
15.
Interdisciplinaria ; 29(1): 151-164, jul. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-672017

ABSTRACT

Desde los trabajos pioneros de Bradburn (1969) el afecto positivo y el afecto negativo han sido concebidos como dos dimensiones unipolares independientes, aunque todavía se mantiene hoy en día la controversia teórica entre defensores de un modelo unidimensional bipolar y los de un modelo bidimensional unipolar. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar la problemática que rodea esta controversia tomando en consideración por un lado, los dos estados afectivos (el humor o tono afectivo y las emociones) y por otro lado, revisando los estudios y modelos teóricos provenientes de distintas áreas tales como Psicometría, Psicología Básica, neurociencia, Psicología Clínica y Psicología de la Salud. Finalmente, se ofrece una posible explicación a los datos contradictorios obtenidos en los distintos estudios. Se sugiere la conveniencia de hacer estudios claramente diferenciados sobre el humor y las emociones. Sobre el humor existen pocos trabajos, pero éstos ofrecen mayor apoyo a un modelo unidimensional bipolar. Sin embargo, sobre las emociones hay mayor cantidad de estudios que ofrecen mayor apoyo a un modelo bidimensional unipolar.


Since the seminal contribution of Bradburn (1969), positive and negative affect have been conceived as two independent unipolar dimensions. However, the controversy between these ideas and the supporters of a single bipolar dimension is nowadays still alive. In this review we identify two problems. The first one is of a conceptual nature, because, as Russell and Carroll (1999) pointed out, the term affection is not unambiguously defined and rarely researchers in this field make an explicit definition. According to Rosenberg (1988), there are at least two types of affective states, which are widely acknowledged: emotions and mood, or affective tone. Emotions are characterized for, and differ from mood in, appearing in response to an event, being intense, short-lived and specific. They are also characterized by provoking important physiological reactions in the individuals, as well as recognizable patterns of facial expression, and by determining individuals to behave congruently in relation to the emotion they are experiencing. Combining these two very different components of affect hinders the comparison of the work of different authors, and also the development of theoretical models combining the different aspects included within this concept. The second problem is related to the measurements used in the research assessing affect, where the possible existence of events or circumstances causing the affective state is not normally considered. Likewise, measurement regarding the duration of the affect are rarely performed, and objective measurements such as physiological correlates or facial expressions are not frequently collected. Consequently, instruments do not normally distinguish between mood and emotion. The aim of this paper is to review the most relevant questions regarding this debate taking into account, on the one hand, the two affective states included in the concept of affectivity (i.e., mood and emotion) and, on the other hand, the empirical and theoretical contributions provided by a wide range of disciplines such as Psychometry, Basic Psychology, neuroscience, and Clinical and Health Psychology. From Basic Psychology and Psychometry we reviewed the three fundamental argumentations advocating for an independence of positive and negative affect, as identified by Diener and Emmons (1984) and Russell and Carroll (1999): (1) that the correlation between items that evaluate the positive affect and negative affect is low, (2) that the correlation of items within the categories of positive affect and negative affect is high, and (3) that the two dimensions of affect correlate differently with other variables. A fourth argument is discussed referring to the variations of both affect types observed throughout a lifetime (Bushman & Crowley, 2010; Windsor & Anstey, 2010). From the neuro-scientific perspective we reviewed studies providing data on brain structures and neurotransmitters involved in both affect types, noting that all these studies have been carried out by inducing intense moods, which indeed might be classified as emotions rather than humor. From Psychopathology and Clinical Psychology we reviewed those disorders in which states of positive and negative mood can be experienced in a very intensive manner (positive and negative emotions), in very short periods of time and even at the same time. We also reviewed research studying the independent presence of positive and negative affect in several disorders, as well as some theoretical models on depression that indicate the possibility and desirability of adopting a 'dual' perspective in the assessment and the intervention strategies of both types of emotions in the depressive disorder and other disorders. A proposal about the reason of such contradictory findings is presented, and we suggest that research about this topic should be better conducted setting apart mood from emotions using tools that allow measuring those elements capable of distinguishing between affect types. Although the few existing studies about affective traits and mood seem to support the bipolar one-dimensional model, the conclusions drawn from the numerous investigations about emotions favor the two independent unipolar dimensions model.

16.
Salud ment ; 34(6): 525-529, nov.-dic. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-632859

ABSTRACT

It has been suggested that anhedonia is a core symptom of the disorder that precedes and possibly plays a causal role during the subsequent development of schizophrenia. Several works confirmed high levels of anhedonia and lower levels of intrinsic motivation and positive affect in schizophrenic patients when compared to control subjects. On this paper we are dealing with the term gaudiebility, which is defined as a construct that includes all the set of modulators which regulate the enjoyment. The aim of this study was to evaluate if people suffering from schizophrenia show levels of gaudiebility significantly lower when compared to the average population. Data were obtained from two different adult samples. One sample (n = 30) made up by schizophrenic patients of Hospital del Mar de Barcelona (Spain), the other one (n = 37) made up by the general population was obtained by the use of snowball technique. All participants agreed to reply in writing to the gaudiebility scale (Padrós and Fernández, 2008). The results show that people diagnosed with schizophrenia (mean = 48.27 and SD = 11.22) showed lower scores in the level of gaudiebility [F (3) = 4.303, p = .008] than control group (mean = 56.73 and SD = 9.80). The results came out as expected and were also consistent with the high levels of anhedonia, as well as with the low positive affective and intrinsic motivation levels found in different research. Further studies controlling the schizophrenia subtypes and the sociodemographic variables are required. Our pilot study suggests that the low gaudiebility levels found in schizophrenic patients should motivate the design of specific intervention programs to raise gaudiebility levels.


Se ha sugerido que la anhedonia es un síntoma cardinal de la esquizofreina, y que éste precede y puede tener un papel causal en el posterior desarrollo del trastorno. Son varios los estudios que han confirmado elevados niveles de anhedonia y bajos en motivación intrínseca y afecto positivo en pacientes esquizofrénicos, comparados con los obtenidos a partir de muestras de sujetos controles. En el presente trabajo se ha tomado de referencia el concepto de <

17.
West Indian med. j ; 60(2): 181-187, Mar. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-672747

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study compared the subjective well-being of adults with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease to a matched group of healthy adult peers. The differential influence of sociodemographic factors on the subjective well-being of Sickle Cell patients was also examined. METHODS: The Ferran and Powers Quality of Life Index and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule were used to assess subjective well-being. Seventy-five homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease patients and sixty-seven matched controls (adults with normal haemoglobin: AA) from the Sickle Cell Disease Cohort Study in Jamaica were interviewed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine differences between the groups. RESULT: Patients with Sickle cell (SS) disease were less satisfied than matched controls with their lives overall, their health and functioning, social and economic situation and psychological functioning. Sickle cell disease patients reported lower levels of positive affect but similar levels of negative affect as controls. Unemployed sickle cell disease patients were less satisfied than all other adults with their lives overall, health and functioning, psychological functioning and social and economic situation. Sickle cell disease patients with lower occupational status were less satisfied with their family life than all other adults. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that subjective well-being is compromised in patients with homozygous sickle cell disease. These patients may benefit from interventions designed to improve their subjective well-being.


OBJETIVOS: Este estudio comparó el bienestar subjetivo de los adultos con enfermedad de células falciformes homocigóticas (SS) con el de un grupo pareado de adultos saludables. También se analizó la influencia diferencial de factores sociodemográficos sobre el bienestar subjetivo de los pacientes con la enfermedad de células falciformes. MÉTODOS: El Índice de Calidad de Vida de Ferrans and Powers, y las Escalas de Afecto Positivo y Afecto Negativo (PANAS) fueron usados para evaluar el bienestar subjetivo. Setenta y cinco pacientes con enfermedad de células falciformes homocigóticas (SS), y sesenta y siete controles pareados (adultos con hemoglobina normal: AA) del Estudio de Cohorte de la Enfermedad de Células Falciformes en Jamaica fueron entrevistados. El análisis de varianza (ANOVA) fue utilizado para estudiar las diferencias entre los grupos. RESULTADO: Los pacientes con enfermedad de células falciformes (SS) mostraron en general un menor grado de satisfacción con sus vidas, su salud y funcionamiento, situación social y económica y funcionamiento psicológico. Los pacientes con la enfermedad de células falciformes reportaron niveles más bajos de afecto positivo, pero mostraron en cambio niveles similares de afecto negativo en relación con los controles. Los pacientes con la enfermedad de células falciformes desempleados estuvieron menos satisfechos con sus vidas en general, su salud y funcionamiento, su funcionamiento psicológico, y su situación económica y social, que todos los otros adultos. Los pacientes con la enfermedad de células falciformes de un nivel ocupacional más bajo, estuvieron menos satisfechos con su vida familiar que todos los otros adultos. CONCLUSIONES: Estos hallazgos sugieren que el bienestar subjetivo está comprometido en pacientes con la enfermedad de células falciformes homocigóticas. Estos pacientes pueden beneficiarse de las intervenciones destinadas a mejorar su bienestar subjetivo.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Anemia, Sickle Cell/psychology , Personal Satisfaction , Quality of Life , Anemia, Sickle Cell/genetics , Homozygote , Jamaica , Socioeconomic Factors
18.
Diversitas perspectiv. psicol ; 6(1): 65-79, jun. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-635531

ABSTRACT

El propósito de este estudio fue describir la personalidad, el afecto y la inteligencia emocional a lo largo de la formación profesional, en 422 estudiantes de áreas empresariales. Se utilizó el Inventario de Personalidad NEO-FFI de Costa & McCrae (1994), el TMMS-24 (adaptado por Fernández-Berrocal, Extremera & Ramos, 2004) y el PANAS (adaptado por Sandín et al., 1999). Se encontraron niveles altos de neuroticismo y bajos de extraversión, apertura a la experiencia y amabilidad; niveles intermedios de inteligencia emocional y una afectividad positiva predominante. El neuroticismo se incrementó en algunos semestres, la apertura a la experiencia y la responsabilidad aunque presentan niveles bajos, tienden a incrementarse durante la formación. Los participantes se caracterizaron por su afectividad positiva, la cual no parece depender de los procesos formativos sino de sus características personales. Se discuten estos hallazgos en relación con la formación de líderes empresariales.


The purpose of this study was to describe the personality, the affect and the emotional intelligence of 422 business students throughout their training process. The Personality Inventory NEO-FFI of Costa & McCrae (1994), the Spanish versions of TMMS-24 (adapted by Fernández-Berrocal, Extremera, & Ramos, 2004) and the PANAS (adapted by Sandín et al., 1999), were used. We found high levels of Neuroticism and low levels of Extraversion, Openness to Experience and Agreeableness; Emotional Intelligence achieved intermediate levels, and a predominant positive affectivity. The neuroticism was increased in some semesters, the Openness to Experience and Conscientiousness although all of them had low levels, tended to increase during the formation. The participants are characterized by positive emotions, which does not seem to depend on the formation processes but their personal characteristics. These findings are discussed in relation to the training of business leaders.

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