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1.
Nursing (Ed. bras., Impr.) ; 26(300): 9679-9688, ju.2023. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1444536

ABSTRACT

ntrodução: O estresse está relacionado às doenças cardiovasculares, que são responsáveis por 27% das mortes no Brasil. A população em situação de rua encontra-se exposta a fatores de risco necessitando avaliação e acompanhamento de saúde devido às condições de vida que levam ao estresse persistente e potencialmente fatal. Objetivo: Estabelecer diagnósticos e intervenções de enfermagem, relacionando estresse e DCV nesta população. Métodos e procedimento: Este é um estudo exploratório, transversal e quantitativo, realizado na área central de São Paulo com 119 voluntários selecionados por conveniência entre novembro de 2021 e julho de 2022, aprovado pelo CEP: 036417, CAAE:21519413.40000.5511. Resultado: 35% dos 119 entrevistados afirmam sentir muito estresse ou que isso afeta sua rotina. Valores de pressão arterial e frequência cardíaca estão acima do recomendado. A escala de Likert mostra 32% com proteção ineficaz, risco cardiovascular prejudicado e síndrome do estresse de realocação. Conclusão: Estratégias de saúde são cruciais para atender às necessidades humanas básicas da população em situação de rua, incluindo conscientização sobre riscos cardiovasculares e acesso a cuidados básicos de saúde. A implementação do processo de enfermagem pode ajudar a abordar essas necessidades. (AU)


Stress is related to cardiovascular diseases, which are responsible for 27% of deaths in Brazil. The homeless population is exposed to risk factors, requiring health evaluation and monitoring due to living conditions that lead to persistent and potentially fatal stress. Objective: To establish nursing diagnoses and interventions, relating stress and CVD in this population. Methods and procedure: This is an exploratory, cross-sectional, and quantitative study conducted in downtown São Paulo with 119 volunteers selected by convenience between November 2021 and July 2022, approved by CEP: 036417, CAAE:21519413.40000.5511. Result: 35% of 119 respondents report feeling high stress or that it affects their routine. Blood pressure and heart rate values are above recommended levels. The Likert scale shows 32% with ineffective protection, impaired cardiovascular risk, and relocation stress syndrome. Conclusion: Health strategies are crucial to meet the basic human needs of the homeless population, including awareness of cardiovascular risks and access to basic health care. The implementation of the nursing process can help address these needs.(AU)


El estrés está relacionado con las enfermedades cardiovasculares, que son responsables del 27% de las muertes en Brasil. A população em situação de rua encontra-se exposta a fatores de risco necessitando avaliação e acompanhamento de saúde devido às condições de vida que levam ao stress persistente e potencialmente fatal. Objetivo: Establecer diagnósticos e intervenciones de enfermagem, relacionando estresse e DCV nesta população. Método y procedimiento: Se trata de un estudio exploratorio, transversal y cuantitativo, realizado en el área central de São Paulo con 119 voluntarios seleccionados por conveniencia entre noviembre de 2021 y julio de 2022, aprobado por CEP: 036417, CAAE:21519413.40000.5511. Resultados: 35% de los 119 encuestados afirman sentir mucho estrés o que éste afecta su rutina. Los valores de presión arterial y frecuencia cardíaca están por encima de lo recomendado. Escala de Likert muestra 32% con protección ineficaz, riesgo cardiovascular alterado y síndrome de estrés de reubicación. Conclusión: Las estrategias de salud son cruciales para satisfacer las necesidades humanas básicas de las personas sin hogar, incluyendo la concienciación sobre los riesgos cardiovasculares y el acceso a la atención sanitaria básica. La aplicación del proceso de enfermería puede ayudar a abordar estas necesidades.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Nursing Diagnosis , Ill-Housed Persons , Cardiovascular Diseases , Allostasis
2.
Rev. cuba. med ; 61(4)dic. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1441694

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La homeostasis es la propiedad fundamental de los sistemas biológicos de preservar el medio interno. La presión arterial, el pH, las concentraciones plasmáticas de sodio y glucosa son ejemplos de variables homeostáticos, donde el propósito de la regulación fisiológica es fijar cada parámetro interno en un punto de ajuste, detecta errores y los corrige con realimentación negativa. Los fisiólogos han evidenciado que muchos errores no son constantes sino adaptativos. Objetivo: Exponer los conceptos novedosos acerca de la influencia de un ambiente de estrés sobre nuestra fisiología y sus efectos deletéreos a largo plazo. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, en el motor de búsqueda Google académico, los descriptores: homeostasis, alostasis y carga alostática. Conclusiones: Se expuso los conceptos novedosos acerca de la influencia de un ambiente de estrés sobre nuestra fisiología y sus efectos deletéreos a largo plazo. La alostasis es el precio que el cuerpo paga por verse obligado a adaptarse a situaciones psicosociales o físicas adversas. La obesidad, la diabetes, la insulinoresistencia, la hipertensión arterial, son variables alostáticas, no homeostáticas, no son parámetros constantes, sino adaptativos, el organismo cambiará su medio interno para enfrentar el desafío o perturbación que le llega desde el exterior. Pensar en muchas de estas patologías bajo un modelo alostático puede enriquecer los recursos conceptuales del médico y modificar el abordaje de enfermedades prevalentes.


Introduction: Homeostasis is the fundamental property of biological systems to preserve the internal environment. Blood pressure, pH, plasma sodium and glucose concentrations are examples of homeostatic variables, where the purpose of physiological regulation is to fix each internal parameter at a set point, detect errors and correct them with negative feedback. Physiologists have shown that many errors are not constant but adaptive. Objective: To expose novel concepts about the influence of a stressful environment on our physiology and its deleterious long-term effects. Methods: A literature review was performed, in the academic Google search engine, the descriptors: homeostasis, allostasis and allostatic load. Conclusions: Novel concepts about the influence of a stressful environment on our physiology and its deleterious long-term effects were exposed. Allostasis is the price the body pays for being forced to adapt to adverse psychosocial or physical situations. Obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance, arterial hypertension, are allostatic variables, not homeostatic, they are not constant parameters, but adaptive, the organism will change its internal environment to face the challenge or perturbation that comes from the outside. Thinking about many of these pathologies under an allostatic model can enrich the conceptual resources of the physician and modify the approach to prevalent diseases.

3.
Chinese Journal of Primary Medicine and Pharmacy ; (12): 1752-1756, 2022.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-955906

ABSTRACT

The judgment of left ventricular systolic dysfunction is of great significance for the diagnosis of heart disease, risk evaluation, and follow-ups of patients with heart disease. Evaluation of left ventricular systolic function is the most commonly used index in echocardiography. At present, the echocardiographic measurement of left ventricular function has changed from linear measurement and two-dimensional echocardiography to local and global strain analysis and three-dimensional echocardiography. Even if examination method is very superior and automatic, evaluating left ventricular systolic function is extremely challenging. This paper reviews the most widely used echocardiography, evaluates left ventricular systolic function in adults and children, and discusses its advantages, disadvantages and the research progress.

4.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 87(1): 36-40, feb. 2019. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1003247

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: La carga alostática (CA) se ha propuesto como un marco general para comprender los efectos acumulativos del estrés a lo largo de la vida de las personas. A pesar de su creciente interés no se han realizado, en la Argentina, investigaciones que relacionen su impacto en el corazón y en el cerebro. Objetivos: Evaluar la asociación de CA, definida en forma operativa por un rango de mediciones de los sistemas simpático, parasimpático, el eje hipotálamo hipofisario adrenal, y de los sistemas inflamatorio, con el nivel cognitivo (NC), la memoria y la masa del ventrículo izquierdo en adultos de mediana edad. Resultados: Fueron estudiados 86 pacientes con un promedio de edad de 53,5 años IC (intervalo de confianza) 95% de 51,3 a 55,7. La CA se asoció en forma inversa y significativa con el NC: coeficiente -1,1 Error estándar (EE) 0,5 p = 0,04 independientemente de la edad, el sexo y el nivel educacional R cuadrado ajustado 0,40 p < 0,001. De los 7 sistemas estudiados solo el cardiovascular y el inflamatorio mantuvieron una asociación inversa y significativa. También la CA se asoció en forma inversa con la memoria. En cuanto a su impacto en el corazón, la CA se asoció en forma positiva con la masa del ventrículo izquierdo (VI), coeficiente 10,86 p < 0,001. R cuadrado ajustado 0,23 p < 0,001. Conclusiones: La CA nos permite contar con una herramienta objetiva para medir el estrés crónico. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el incremento de la CA produce un daño en el cerebro (déficit cognitivo y en la memoria tempranos) y en el corazón (incremento de la masa del VI).


ABSTRACT Background: Allostatic load (AL) has been proposed as a general framework for understanding the cumulative effectis of life stress on individuals. Despite growing interest in AL, no research has been conducted in Argentina associating itis impact on the heart and brain. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of AL (operationalized by a range of measurementis of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and inflammatory, cardiovascular and metabolic systems) with cognitive level (CL), memory and left ventricular mass in middle-aged adultis. Resultis: A total of 86 patientis were evaluated, mean age was 53.5 years (95% CI: 51.3 to 55.7). Allostatic load had an inverse and significant association with CL (coefficient -1.1; standard error: 0.5; p=0.04) that was independent of age, sex and educational level (adjusted R-squared: 0.40; p<0.001). Of the seven systems evaluated, only the cardiovascular system and inflammation maintained an inverse and significant association. An inverse association as observed between AL and memory and a positive association with left ventricular (LV) mass (coefficient: 10.86; p<0.001; adjusted R-squared: 0.23; p<0.001), Conclusions: Allostatic load is an objective tool to measure chronic stress. The resultis obtained indicate that high AL damages the brain (early cognitive and memory deficitis) and the heart (increased LV mass).

5.
Acupuncture Research ; (6): 843-853, 2019.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-844240

ABSTRACT

The effects of acupuncture on functional regulation of biological systems have been studied extensively. The most interesting feature of acupuncture is the bidirectional regulatory ability to restore homeostatic values of body systems from either up or down states, which was found by Chinese biomedical researchers several decades ago, and has recently been observed by peers internationally. Acupuncture can produce two physiological response patterns, an immediate short-term response or/and a long-lasting response. The bidirectional regulatory effects of acupuncture are rarely observed under physiological states (normal homeostasis), rather, they are usually observed under pathological states (abnormal homeostasis) with long-lasting response patterns. This suggests that the effects of acupuncture under pathological states are different from the mechanisms under normal physiological states. This is important for understan-ding and developing acupuncture therapy, and also gives insight into understanding the biological control process itself. The present paper reviews the experimental literature and discusses the four conditions that produce bidirectional regulation of acupuncture, i.e. the inherent properties of the target systems, the functional states of the target system, the acupoint characteristics, and the stimulation parameters. Finally, two hypotheses are proposed to explain the mechanisms of bidirectional effects of acupuncture. The possible peripheral mechanism is that acupuncture can stimulate different types of peripheral nerve fibers to produce opposite regulatory effects; and the possible central mechanisms is that acupuncture might activate the adaptive control process of the central nervous system to restore homeostatic balance.

6.
Rev. latinoam. enferm. (Online) ; 27: e3135, 2019. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1004248

ABSTRACT

Objetivos este estudo de caso-controle comparou os níveis de estresse e carga alostática (CA) entre mulheres mexicanas nos EUA ( n = 19) e no México ( n = 40). Método medidas de estresse incluíram a Escala de Estresse Percebido (EEP) e a Escala de Estresse Social das Mulheres Hispânicas (EESMH). Uma medida composta por 8 indicadores de CA (pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica, índice de massa corporal (IMC), relação cintura-quadril, colesterol total, hemoglobina glicada (hemoglobina A1C), triglicerídeos e proteína C-reativa) foi calculada. Resultados não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos na CA entre mulheres mexicanas imigrantes e não imigrantes ( t = 1,55, p = 0,126). Uma análise fatorial de componentes principais foi realizada nos 8 indicadores de CA; uma solução de 2 fatores explicou 57% da variância. As diferenças entre grupo nos dois fatores CA foram analisadas usando MANOVA. O IMC e a relação cintura-quadril foram menores, mas a pressão arterial e os triglicerídeos foram maiores no grupo dos EUA e foram mediados pelo tempo nos EUA. O maior estresse de aculturação foi significativamente relacionado ao aumento da relação cintura-quadril ( r = 0,57, p = 0,02). Considerações finais os resultados sugerem que algumas medidas de CA aumentam com o tempo nos EUA e o estresse de aculturação pode ser um fator significativo.


Objectives this case-control study compared levels of stress and allostatic load (AL) among Mexican women in the US ( n =19) and Mexico ( n = 40). Method measures of stress included the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Hispanic Women's Social Stressor Scale (HWSSS). A composite measure of 8 indicators of AL (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, total cholesterol, glycated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1C), triglycerides and C-reactive protein) was calculated. Results there were no significant group differences in AL between Mexican and Mexican immigrant women ( t = 1.55, p = .126). A principal component factor analysis was conducted on the 8 AL indicators; a 2-factor solution explained 57% of the variance. Group differences in the two AL factors were analyzed using MANOVA. BMI and waist-to-hip ratios were lower, but blood pressure and triglycerides were higher in the US group and were mediated by time in the US. Greater acculturation stress was significantly related to increased waist-to-hip ratio ( r = .57, p = .02). Final remarks findings suggest some measures of AL increased with time in the US, and acculturation stress may be a significant factor.


Objetivos este estudio de casos y controles ha comparado los niveles de estrés y carga alostática (CA) en mujeres mexicanas en los EE.UU. ( n = 19) y México ( n = 40). Método las medidas de estrés incluyeron la Escala de Estrés Percibido (EEP) y la Escala de Estrés Social de las Mujeres Hispanas (HWSSS, por sus siglas en inglés). Se calculó una medida compuesta de 8 indicadores de CA (presión arterial sistólica, presión arterial diastólica, índice de masa corporal (IMC), relación cintura/cadera, colesterol total, hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c), triglicéridos, y proteína C reactiva). Resultados no hubo diferencias significativas de CA entre los grupos de mujeres mexicanas e inmigrantes mexicanas ( t = 1,55, p = 0,126). Se realizó un análisis factorial de componente principal de los 8 indicadores de CA; una solución de 2 factores explicó el 57% de la varianza. Las diferencias de grupo en los dos factores de CA se analizaron utilizando MANOVA. El IMC y la relación cintura/cadera disminuyeron, pero la presión arterial y los triglicéridos aumentaron en el grupo de los EE.UU. y estuvieron influenciados por el tiempo de residencia en los EE.UU. Un mayor estrés aculturativo se relacionó significativamente con el aumento de la relación cintura/cadera (r = 0,57, p = 0,02). Comentarios finales los hallazgos sugieren que algunas medidas de CA aumentan con el tiempo de residencia en los EE.UU. y el estrés aculturativo puede ser un factor importante.


Subject(s)
Humans , Metabolic Syndrome/diagnosis , Emigrants and Immigrants/statistics & numerical data , Obesity Management/organization & administration , Allostasis/immunology , Acculturation/history
7.
Aquichan ; 18(3): 298-310, July-Sept. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF, COLNAL | ID: biblio-973652

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine if social factors, such as housing conditions, satisfaction with one's house, neighborhood characteristics, social support, family relations and church attendance affect allostatic load in older adults. Materials and method: A correlational-predictive, cross-sectional study was conducted. The instruments used were sociodemographic data, the perceived family relationships instrument, the Medical Outcomes Study-Social Support Survey and the abbreviated version of the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale. The allostatic load biomarkers used were: systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, glycated hemoglobin, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein. Sample size was estimated to contrast the no relation (R2= 0) hypotheis in a multiple lineal regression model with 11 covariables, with a significance level of .05, power of 90% (.90), when coefficient of determination (R2) is .15, resulting in a sample of 131 older adults. The statistical analysis included descriptive measures and generalized linear models. Results: The participants had either medium- or high-risk allostatic load. Multivariate linear regression model analysis showed that better housing conditions, satisfaction with own house, presence of dead-end streets, and church attendance reduce allostatic load, while dangerous traffic increases allostatic load. Conclusions: There are several social factors contributing to the development of allostatic load in older adults. It is necessary to create nursing care strategies toward the social environment to decrease allostatic load in older adults.


RESUMEN Objetivo: determinar si factores sociales como las condiciones de vivienda, la satisfacción con la casa, las características del vecindario, el apoyo social, las relaciones familiares y la asistencia a la iglesia contribuyen al desarrollo de la carga alostática en los adultos mayores. Materiales y método: se realizó un estudio correlacional y predictivo de corte transversal. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron una hoja de datos sociodemográficos, el instrumento de relaciones familiares percibidas, el cuestionario de Apoyo Social y la Escala de Movilidad Activa en el Entorno Comunitario, versión corta. Los biomarcadores de carga alostática utilizados fueron: presión arterial sistólica y diastólica, índice de masa corporal, circunferencia de la cintura, relación cintura-cadera, colesterol total, lipoproteína de alta densidad, hemoglobina glicosilada, fibrinógeno y proteína C-Reactiva. La muestra se calculó para para el contraste de la hipótesis de no relación (R2= 0), en un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple con 11 covariables, con un nivel de significancia del .05 y una potencia del 90 % (.90), cuando el coeficinete de determinación poblacional (R2) es .15, tamaño de muestra que resultó en 131 adultos mayores. El análisis estadístico incluyó medidas descriptivas y modelos lineales generalizados. Resultados: los participantes tenían un riesgo medio o alto de carga alostática. El análisis del modelo de regresión lineal multivariante mostró que las mejores condiciones de vivienda, la satisfacción con la propia casa, la presencia de calles sin salida y la asistencia a la iglesia reducen la carga alostática y que el tráfico peligroso aumenta la carga alostática. Conclusiones: existen varios factores sociales que contribuyen al desarrollo de la carga alostática en adultos mayores. Es necesario crear estrategias de cuidado de enfermería hacia el entorno social para disminuir la carga alostática en el adulto mayor.


RESUMO Objetivo: determinar se fatores sociais, como as condições de moradia, a satisfação com a casa, as características do bairro, o apoio social, as relações familiares e a freqüência à igreja afetam a carga alostática em idosos. Materiais e método: um estudo de correlação transversal e preditivo foi realizado. Os instrumentos utilizados foram dados sociodemográficos, o instrumento de relações familiares percebido, o Medical Outcomes Study-Social Support Survey e a Abbreviated Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale. Os biomarcadores de carga alostática utilizados foram: pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica, índice de massa corporal, circunferência da cintura, relação cintura-quadril, colesterol total, lipoproteína de alta densidade, hemoglobina glicada, fibrinogênio e proteína C-reativa. A amostra foi calculada para o contraste do hipóseo de nenhuma relação (R2 = 0), em um modelo de regresión múltiple linear con 11 covariáveis, com um nível de significância de 0.05 e uma potencia de 90% (0.90), quando o coeficiente de determinação populacional (R2) es .15, o tamanho da amostra resultou em 131 idosos. A análise estatística incluiu medidas descritivas e modelos lineares generalizados. Resultados: os participantes tinham risco médio ou alto de carga alostática. A análise multivariada do modelo de regressão linear mostrou que melhores condições de moradia, satisfação com a casa própria, presença de ruas sem saída e freqüência à igreja reduzem a carga alostática e o tráfego perigoso aumenta a carga alostática. Conclusões: existem vários fatores sociais que contribuem para o desenvolvimento da carga alostática em idosos. É necessário criar estratégias de cuidados de enfermagem em direção ao ambiente social para diminuir a carga alostática no idoso.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Social Support , Aging , Allostasis , Family Relations , Residence Characteristics
8.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 29(1): 87-95, jan.-mar. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-844289

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Os avanços tecnológicos que permitem dar suporte às disfunções de órgãos levaram a um aumento nas taxas de sobrevivência para a maioria dos pacientes críticos. Alguns destes pacientes sobrevivem à condição crítica inicial, porém continuam a sofrer com disfunções de órgãos e permanecem em estado inflamatório por longos períodos. Este grupo de pacientes críticos foi descrito desde os anos 1980 e teve diferentes critérios diagnósticos ao longo dos anos. Sabe-se que estes pacientes têm longas permanências no hospital, sofrem importantes alterações do metabolismo muscular e ósseo, apresentam imunodeficiência, consomem quantias substanciais de recursos de saúde, têm reduzida capacidade funcional e cognitiva após a alta, demandam uma considerável carga de trabalho para seus cuidadores, e apresentam elevadas taxas de mortalidade em longo prazo. O objetivo desta revisão foi apresentar as evidências atuais, em termos de definição, fisiopatologia, manifestações clínicas, tratamento e prognóstico da doença crítica persistente.


ABSTRACT The technological advancements that allow support for organ dysfunction have led to an increase in survival rates for the most critically ill patients. Some of these patients survive the initial acute critical condition but continue to suffer from organ dysfunction and remain in an inflammatory state for long periods of time. This group of critically ill patients has been described since the 1980s and has had different diagnostic criteria over the years. These patients are known to have lengthy hospital stays, undergo significant alterations in muscle and bone metabolism, show immunodeficiency, consume substantial health resources, have reduced functional and cognitive capacity after discharge, create a sizable workload for caregivers, and present high long-term mortality rates. The aim of this review is to report on the most current evidence in terms of the definition, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, treatment, and prognosis of persistent critical illness.


Subject(s)
Humans , Chronic Disease/epidemiology , Critical Illness/epidemiology , Inflammation/epidemiology , Patient Discharge , Prognosis , Chronic Disease/mortality , Survival Rate , Critical Illness/mortality , Caregivers , Inflammation/physiopathology , Inflammation/mortality , Length of Stay
9.
Colomb. med ; 47(2): 94-99, Apr.June 2016. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-791145

ABSTRACT

Aim: To evaluate the linear variability of comfortable gait according to socioeconomic status in community-dwelling elderly. Method: For this cross-sectional observational study 63 self- functioning elderly were categorized according to the socioeconomic level on medium-low (n= 33, age 69.0 ± 5.0 years) and medium-high (n= 30, age 71.0 ± 6.0 years). Each participant was asked to perform comfortable gait speed for 3 min on an 40 meters elliptical circuit, recording in video five strides which were transformed into frames, determining the minimum foot clearance, maximum foot clearance and stride length. The intra-group linear variability was calculated by the coefficient of variation in percent. Results: The trajectory parameters variability is not different according to socioeconomic status with a 30% (range= 15-55%) for the minimum foot clearance and 6% (range= 3-8%) in maximum foot clearance. Meanwhile, the stride length consistently was more variable in the medium-low socioeconomic status for the overall sample (p= 0.004), female (p= 0.041) and male gender (p= 0.007), with values near 4% (range = 2.5-5.0%) in the medium-low and 2% (range = 1.5-3.5%) in the medium-high. Conclusions: The intra-group linear variability is consistently higher and within reference parameters for stride length during comfortable gait for elderly belonging to medium-low socioeconomic status. This might be indicative of greater complexity and consequent motor adaptability.


Objetivo: Evaluar la variabilidad lineal de marcha confortable según el nivel socioeconómico en adultos mayores de la comunidad. Métodos: Participaron en este estudio observacional y transversal 63 adultos mayores autovalentes, los cuales se categorizaron según el estatus socioeconómico en medio-bajo (n= 33; edad 69.0 ± 5.0 años) y medio-alto (n= 30; edad 71.0 ± 6.0 años). Se solicitó a cada participante realizar marcha natural durante 3 min en un circuito elíptico de 40 metros, registrándose en video cinco zancadas las que se transformaron a fotogramas, determinándose mediante su promedio, el mínimo despeje del pie, máximo despeje del pie y la longitud de zancada. La variabilidad lineal intra-grupo se calculó mediante el porcentaje del coeficiente de variación. Resultados: La variabilidad de los parámetros de trayectoria no es diferente según el nivel socioeconómico con un 30% (rango= 15-55%) para el mínimo despeje del pie y 6% (rango= 3-8%) en el máximo despeje del pie. Por su parte, la longitud de zancada presenta sistemáticamente mayor variabilidad en el nivel socioeconómico medio-bajo para la muestra general (p= 0.004), género femenino (p= 0.041) y masculino (p= 0.007), siendo sus valores cercanos al 4% (rango= 2.5-5.0%) en el nivel medio-bajo y 2% (rango= 1.5-3.5%) en el medio-alto. Conclusiones: La variabilidad lineal intra-grupo es sistemáticamente mayor y dentro de parámetros de referencia en la longitud de zancada durante marcha confortable para adultos mayores pertenecientes al nivel socioeconómico medio-bajo. Esto sería indicativo de mayor complejidad y consecuente adaptabilidad motora.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Social Class , Gait/physiology , Sex Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Independent Living , Walking Speed
10.
Temas psicol. (Online) ; 22(3): 655-662, dez. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-777758

ABSTRACT

Since the 1990s there have only been a few studies with human subjects that focused on the underlying mechanisms associated with acute psychological stress exposure and even less have been conducted with children. Based on the idea that it is possible to elicit and measure behavioral and physiological patterns in response to stressors in a short period of time, the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), an experiment that consists of public speaking exposure and a mental arithmetic task, was developed. However, there is no Brazilian version of the TSST for children. The current study sought to translate and adapt the TSST protocol for children to the Brazilian Portuguese language. The final version of the adapted protocol consists of a story regarding the public speaking phase, as well as instructions about each phase of the protocol, including the rapports and information concerning the pre- and the post-stages of the TSST for children. This work is building toward innovation in the Brazilian stress research field. In addition, whereas research on stress also involves physiological and biological markers measurements, the TSST is also an innovative tool for multidisciplinary research.


Antes da década de 1990, poucos estudos com sujeitos humanos focaram-se nos mecanismos subjacentes associados à exposição ao estresse psicológico agudo e, ainda menos, foram conduzidos em amostras infantis. Baseando-se na ideia de que é possível eliciar e medir padrões comportamentais e fisiológicos em resposta a estressores em um curto período de tempo, o Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), um experimento que consiste na exposição à fala em público e a uma tarefa mental aritmética, foi desenvolvido. Todavia, não existe versão brasileira para o TSST aplicável a crianças. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou traduzir e adaptar para a língua portuguesa do Brasil o protocolo do TSST para crianças. A versão final do protocolo adaptado consiste na história narrada na fase de fala em público, bem como em instruções sobre cada fase do protocolo, incluindo rapports e informações sobre as fases pré e pós TSST. Este trabalho visa à inovação no campo de pesquisas brasileiro sobre estresse. Além disso, enquanto a pesquisa sobre estresse também envolve medições de marcadores fisiológicos e biológicos, o TSST é também uma ferramenta inovadora para a pesquisa multidisciplinar.


Antes de la década de 1990, pocos estudios con sujetos humanos se han centrado en los mecanismos subyacentes asociados con la exposición al estrés psicológico agudo, y aún menos se llevaron a cabo en muestras de niños. Basándose en la idea de que es posible para obtener y medir los patrones fisiológicos y de comportamiento en respuesta a factores estresantes en un período corto de tiempo, la Prueba de Estrés Social Trier (TSST), un experimento que consiste en la exposición a hablar en público y tarea mental aritmética, fue desarrollado. Sin embargo, no hay versión brasileña del TSST aplicable a los niños. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo traducir y adaptar el protocolo del TSST para los niños al portugués del Brasil. La versión final del protocolo se adaptó la historia narrada en la fase de hablar en público, así como las instrucciones para cada fase del protocolo, incluyendo rapports e información acerca de la TSST pre y post. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo innovar en el campo de los estudios brasileños sobre el estrés. Por otra parte, mientras que la investigación sobre el estrés también involucra mediciones de marcadores biológicos y fisiológicos, la TSST es también una herramienta innovadora para la investigación multidisciplinaria.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Anxiety , Stress, Physiological , Stress, Psychological , Psychology, Experimental
11.
Journal of Clinical Hepatology ; (12): 851-854, 2014.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-499124

ABSTRACT

Homeostasis between the host and viruses is naturally maintained.On the one hand,the immune system activates the immune re-sponse to kill or eliminate viruses;on the other hand,the immune system controls the immune response to maintain immune homeostasis. The cause of persistent infections with hepatitis viruses such as HBV and HCV is that viral molecules damage the immune system of the host and their variants escape immune clearance.Long-term coexistence of the host and viruses is the process involving various immune cells and molecules and is the result of homeostasis maintenance in antiviral immune response.The immune homeostasis maintained during persis-tent infections with hepatitis viruses is analyzed by the cellular and molecular mechanisms.

12.
Korean Journal of Family Medicine ; : 334-346, 2013.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-77423

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Allostatic load (AL) measures overall physiological wear and tear on one's body, as a preclinical marker of pathophysiologic processes that precede the onset of disease. We studied the association of dietary habits with AL. METHODS: Consecutive patients visiting a tertiary hospital Health Promotion Center from September 2009 to February 2010, older than 20 years with metabolic syndrome were selected for study (n = 204). By multivariable linear regression analysis, we investigated the association of various dietary habits evaluated by questionnaires. RESULTS: In male, multivariable linear regression showed a significant negative association between fat preference and AL with BMI > or = 30 (1st quartile [Q] vs. 2Q: beta = -3.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], -6.26 to -1.16), a significant negative association between salt preference and AL with BMI 25-30 (beta = -1.36; 95% CI, -2.46 to -0.26), a negative association between appetite control and AL with BMI < 25 (1Q vs. 3Q: beta = -1.54; 95% CI, -3.00 to -0.096), a significant positive association between appetite control and AL with BMI 25-30 (1Q vs. 3Q: beta = 1.30; 95% CI, 0.12 to 2.48), and a significant positive association between eating in response to food cues and AL in males with BMI 25-30 (1Q vs. 4Q: beta = 1.09; 95% CI, 0.020 to 2.15). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that metabolic syndrome patients should be discouraged from eating fat and eating in response to food cues, and should be educated about nutrition and balanced diet.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Allostasis , Appetite , Cues , Diet , Eating , Feeding Behavior , Food Preferences , Health Promotion , Linear Models , Tertiary Care Centers
13.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 34(3): 121-128, July-Sept. 2012.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-653780

ABSTRACT

Metabolic abnormalities are frequent in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (BD), leading to a high prevalence of diabetes and metabolic syndrome in this population. Moreover, mortality rates among patients are higher than in the general population, especially due to cardiovascular diseases. Several neurobiological systems involved in energy metabolism have been shown to be altered in both illnesses; however, the cause of metabolic abnormalities and how they relate to schizophrenia and BD pathophysiology are still largely unknown. The "selfish brain" theory is a recent paradigm postulating that, in order to maintain its own energy supply stable, the brain modulates energy metabolism in the periphery by regulation of both allocation and intake of nutrients. We hypothesize that the metabolic alterations observed in these disorders are a result of an inefficient regulation of the brain energy supply and its compensatory mechanisms. The selfish brain theory can also expand our understanding of stress adaptation and neuroprogression in schizophrenia and BD, and, overall, can have important clinical implications for both illnesses (AU)


Alterações metabólicas são frequentes em pacientes com esquizofrenia e transtorno bipolar (TB), levando a uma alta prevalência de diabetes e síndrome metabólica nessa população. Além disso, as taxas de mortalidade entre pacientes são mais altas do que na população geral, especialmente em decorrência de doenças cardiovasculares. Vários sistemas neurobiológicos envolvidos no metabolismo energético têm demonstrado alterações nas duas doenças; no entanto, a causa das alterações metabólicas e a forma como elas se relacionam com a fisiopatologia da esquizofrenia e do TB ainda são arenas em grande parte desconhecidas. A teoria do "cérebro egoísta" é um paradigma recente que postula que, para manter estável seu próprio fornecimento de energia, o cérebro modula o metabolismo da energia na periferia regulando tanto a alocação quanto a ingestão de nutrientes. Apresentamos neste artigo a hipótese de que as alterações metabólicas observadas nesses transtornos são resultado de uma regulação ineficiente do fornecimento de energia do cérebro e seus mecanismos compensatórios. A teoria do cérebro egoísta também pode expandir nosso entendimento sobre a adaptação ao estresse e a neuroprogressão na esquizofrenia e no TB, e, acima de tudo, pode ter implicações clínicas importantes para as duas doenças (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Schizophrenia/metabolism , Bipolar Disorder/metabolism , Brain/metabolism , Schizophrenia/etiology , Schizophrenia/physiopathology , Stress, Psychological/physiopathology , Bipolar Disorder/etiology , Bipolar Disorder/physiopathology , Adaptation, Physiological/physiology , Disease Progression , Disease Susceptibility/physiopathology , Energy Metabolism , Allostasis
14.
Salud ment ; 34(3): 237-246, may.-jun. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-680605

ABSTRACT

The objective of this work is to present a review about the concept of resilience, its biological aspects, the way we can try to measure it and some possible interventions. In Spanish, the term resiliencia is taken from the English word resilience or resiliency, term originally used in thermodynamics. In biological sciences, resilience is defined as <

El objetivo de este trabajo es hacer una revisión acerca del concepto de resiliencia, sus aspectos biológicos, las formas en las que se puede intentar medirla y algunas posibles intervenciones. El término resiliencia es una castellanización de la palabra inglesa resilience o resiliency, que originalmente se usaba en la termodinámica. En las ciencias biológicas se define como <

15.
Chinese Journal of Primary Medicine and Pharmacy ; (12): 2770-2771, 2011.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-421999

ABSTRACT

ObjectiveTo evaluate regional myocardial systolic function in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM) by strain and strain rate imaging.Methods38 patients with HCM(observe group) and 36 healthy volunteers(control group) were involved in this study.All subjects were received conventional 2D-Color Doppler echocardiography and Color Doppler myocardial image(CDMI) ,then analyzed the regional myocardial function by strain and strain rate imaging.ResultsComparwed with the control group, left atrial diameters (LAD), left ventricular diameters (LVD), left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVDs), interventricular ventricular septal (IVS) and left ventricular posterior wall(LVPW) were significantly increased in patients of observe group (all P < 0.05), but left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) was decreased(P <0.05).Patients with HCM showed regional longitudinal peak systolic myocardial deformation properties lower than those of counterparts at inferior, lateral, posterior, frontal and septum waLl of left ventricular(all P < 0.05).ConclusionHypertrophic cardiomyopathy was associated with significant reduction in systolic function of left ventricle and strain and strain rote imaging was useful in evaluating the change.

16.
Trastor. ánimo ; 6(1): 15-26, ene.-jun. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-594249

ABSTRACT

The modulation of central nervous system development in both, its architecture and its function depends on genetic and epigenetic factors. Stress, the most prominent among the epigenetic factors, acting through the production of stress´ mediators hormones that exert an action on such important structures as the hippocampus, amygdala and prefrontal cortex, responsible for the regulation of cognitive and affective processes. This article reviews the importance of chronic exposure to stress hormones in different stages of life and their relationship to the onset of mental disorders.


La modulación del desarrollo del sistema nervioso central, tanto en su arquitectura como en su funcionamiento depende de factores genéticos y epigenéticos. El estrés, el más relevante entre los epigenéticos, actúa mediante la producción de hormonas mediadoras del estrés que ejercen acción sobre estructuras tan importantes como el hipocampo, la amígdala y la corteza prefrontal, responsables de la regulación de los procesos cognitivos y afectivos. En este artículo se revisa la importancia de la exposición crónica a las hormonas del estrés, en las diferentes etapas de la vida y su relación con la aparición de trastornos mentales.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Affect , Anxiety , Stress, Physiological
17.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-482129

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Facing an adverse physical or psychosocial situation, an individual is forced to adapt in order to survive. Allostasis is the term used to refer to adapting processes used to maintain the stability of an organism through active processes. When allostatic response is excessive or inefficient, the organism develops an allostatic load. The cascade of molecular and neurobiological effects associated with childhood abuse and neglect could be an example of allostatic response that could precipitate allostatic load in organism still vulnerable during its development. This article reviews the psychobiological consequences related to childhood abuse and neglect. METHOD: A selective review with a systematic procedure was performed to investigate studies showing explicit association between childhood maltreatment and psychobiological/neurobiological consequences. We searched electronic database MedLine-PubMed to identify English-language articles from 1990 to 2007. RESULTS: From 115 articles we selected 55 studies from MedLine and 30 from their reference lists, in a total of 85 articles (JCR IF range: 1-31.4; median: 5.88). Only 29 studies showed direct and explicit association between them. CONCLUSION: Structural consequences of childhood maltreatment include disruptive development of corpus callosum, left neocortex, hippocampus, and amygdale; functional consequences include increased electrical irritability in limbic areas, frontal lobe dysfunctions and reduced functional activity of the cerebellar vermis; and neurohumoral consequences include the reprogramming activity of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and subsequently the stress response.


OBJETIVO: Frente a uma situação psicossocial ou física adversa, o indivíduo é forçado a se adaptar de maneira que possa sobreviver. Alostase é o termo utilizado para descrever os processos adaptativos usados para manter a estabilidade de um organismo por meio de processos ativos. Quando a resposta alostática é excessiva ou ineficiente, o organismo desenvolve um peso alostático. A cascata de efeitos moleculares e neurobiológicos associados ao abuso e negligência na infância poderia ser um exemplo de respostas alostáticas e, dessa forma, poderia precipitar peso alostático em um organismo ainda vulnerável no seu desenvolvimento. Este artigo revisa as conseqüências psicobiológicas relacionadas com os maus-tratos na infância. MÉTODO: Uma revisão seletiva com base sistemática foi realizada na base de dados MedLine, procurando artigos em inglês que investigassem uma associação direta e explícita entre maus-tratos na infância e conseqüências psicobiológicas em humanos durante o período de 1990-2007. RESULTADOS: De 115 artigos, foram selecionados 55 estudos do MedLine e 30 de suas listas de referências, num total de 85 artigos (JCR IF: 1-31,4; mediana: 5,88). Especificamente apenas 29 estudos investigaram uma associação direta e explícita entre eles. CONCLUSÃO: Em resumo, as conseqüências estruturais dos maus-tratos na infância incluem anormalidades no desenvolvimento do corpo caloso, neocórtex esquerdo, hipocampo e amígdala; as conseqüências funcionais incluem um aumento da irritabilidade nas áreas límbicas, disfunções do lobo frontal e redução da atividade funcional do vermis cerebelar; e as conseqüências neuro-humorais englobam a reprogramação do eixo HPA e subsequentemente à resposta ao estresse.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Adaptation, Psychological , Allostasis , Child Abuse/psychology , Child Development/physiology , Stress, Psychological/physiopathology , Brain/growth & development , Child Abuse, Sexual/psychology , Epidemiologic Studies , Neurobiology
18.
Academic Journal of Second Military Medical University ; (12)1985.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-555147

ABSTRACT

This paper introduces the conception,classification,influence on organism and indication of allostatic load in modern stress theory. [

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