The protective effects of dulaglutide on AD-like neurodegenerative changes / 天津医药

@# Objective To investigate the protective effects of dulaglutide on Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like neurodegenerativechangesanditsmechanismthereof. Methods Dulaglutide，anewdrugfordiabetes,wasappliedto observeandexploreAD-likeneurodegenerativechangesinducedbyPI3KinhibitorwortmannininSH-SY5Ycells.MTT assaywasusedtoobservethecellvitalityinducedbydulaglutide,wortmanninandglucagon-likepeptide(GLP-1)1receptor antagonistex9-39.WesternblotassaywasusedtodetectthelevelsofphosphorylatedTau,neurofilaments(NFs)andthe proteinsofPI3K/GSK-3βsignalingpathway.Results Dulaglutideimprovedtheimpairedvitality,increasedthelevelsof phosphorylatedPI3KandGSK-3βanddecreasedphosphorylationlevelsoftauandNFsinducedbywortmannininSHSY5Ycells.Ex9-39antagonizedtheeffectsofDulaglutide. Conclusion DulaglutideprotectsSH-SY5YcellsfromADlikeneurodegenerativechangesthroughimprovingPI3K/GSK-3βinsulinsignalingpathway.

Experiencias de familias que conviven con una persona con diagnóstico de Alzheimer / Experiences of families living with a member diagnosed with Alzheimer

ResumenIntroducción. La demencia tipo Alzheimer es un trastorno neurológico progresivo y degenerativo que afecta principalmente el pensamiento, la memoria y el comportamiento; su evolución es lenta y los daños que produce, severos. Actualmente la enfermedad no tiene cura: el tratamiento consiste en aminorar los síntomas y retrasar el proceso degenerativo. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es analizar las experiencias de las familias que viven con una persona con Alzheimer, sustentada en la teoría de Imogene King.Metodología. El estudio requirió una aproximación cualitativa fenomenológica. La muestra utilizada incluye tres familias, cada una con un miembro que padece dicha enfermedad. Para la recolección de los datos se aplicó la entrevista a profundidad y la observación, así como otros instrumentos como genograma familiar y APGAR I y II.Resultados. Al analizar los datos, en las familias se identificó cambios en el sistema personal, interpersonal y el sistema social.Conclusión. Es importante reconocer la lucha de estas familias al convivir con una persona con la enfermedad de Alzheimer, lo cual implica no solo cambios, sino desafíos, además de un reajuste y una reestructuración de sus sistemas con el fin de cumplir con sus nuevas necesidades.

AbstractIntroduction. Alzheimer disease is a progressive, degenerative neurological disorder that primarily affects thinking, memory and behavior; its evolution is slow and damage occurs, severe. Currently the disease has no cure: the treatment is to lessen the symptoms and delay the degenerative process. The main objective of this research is to analyze the experiences of families living with a person with Alzheimer's, based on the theory of Imogene King.Methodology. The study required a phenomenological qualitative approach. The sample includes three families, each with a member with the disease. To collect data depth interviews and observation, as well as other instruments genogram and family APGAR I and II was applied.Results. In analyzing the data, families personnel changes system, interpersonal and social system was identified. Conclusion: It is important to recognize the struggle of these families to live with a person with Alzheimer's disease, which involves not only changes but challenges besides readjustment and restructuring their systems to meet their changing needs.

Effect of echinacoside on monoamine neurotransmitters in hippocampus and cortex of rats with Alzheimer′s disease / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the influence of echi-nacoside ( ECH ) on monoaminergic neurotransmitter extracellular of the hippocampus and cerebral cortex in rat model of Alzheimer′s disease ( AD) , and ultimately to provide a theoretical basis for ECH′s improving the ability of learning and memory. Methods 60 male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups with 10 rats in each group : sham operation group, model, ECH groups of low, medium and high doses (10, 20, 40μg ·g-1 ·d-1 ) , and Hup A ( Huperzine A, 0. 02 μg· g-1·d-1) group. The AD rat model was established by abdominal cavity injection with D-galactose and uni-laterally injected with amyloid beta-protein fragment 25-35 ( Aβ25-35 ) into the right hippocampus. Morris wa-ter maze test was used to study the animals′ ability of spatial learning and memory. The synchronous dual-probe dual-channel brain microdialysis sampling tech-nology was applied to collect dialysates from different encephalic areas continuously, and combined with HPLC electrochemical detection were used to measure the extracellular levels of norepinephrine ( NE) , dopa-mine (DA), 5-serotonin (5-HT). Results 1. Com-pared with the sham operation group, the mean escape latency of the model group was significantly prolonged ( P<0. 05 ) , and the time that rats were in the plat-form quadrant was significantly shortened ( P<0. 05 );on the contrary, compared with the model group, the mean escape latency of ECH groups were significantly shortened ( P<0. 05 ) , and the time that rats were in the platform quadrant was significantly extended ( P<0. 05). 2. Compared with the sham operation group, the contents of NE,DA and 5-HT were significantly de-creased in the model group ( P <0. 05 ) . However, compared with the model group , ECH could improve the concentrations of NE, DA, 5-HT in the hippocam-pus and cerebral cortex, and these monoamine levels of the brain regions were restored to near control. Con-clusion ECH can effectively improve the ability of learning and memory of rats with AD, giving a rise to the monoamine neurotransmitter both in hippocampus and cortex, exerting a positive effect on treatment of cognitive dysfunction . The ECH low dose group is sig-nificantly lower than the ECH groups of medium and high doses and Hup A group in improving the ability of learning and memory.