Eficacia de diferentes técnicas de analgesia multimodal para la prevención de dolor moderado a severo en reemplazo total primario de rodilla / Efficacy of different multimodal analgesia techniques to prevent moderate to severe pain in primary total knee arthroplasty

Abstract Introduction: Osteoarthritis is one of the most prevalent diseases and the knee is the most affected joint in women over 70 years old. Primary total knee replacement is a definitive and cost effective treatment. The age group, the comorbidities, and the high incidence of postoperative moderate to severe pain are challen ging for anesthesia management. Objectives: To describe the efficacy of different multimodal analgesia techniques used in primary total knee replacement in terms of moderate to severe pain, during the first 48 postoperative hours. Materials and methods: Observational trial analyzing the medical records of 79 patients, focusing on the clinical, anesthetic, and analgesic characteristics over 10 months. The primary outcome was the incidence of moderate to severe immediate postoperative pain, after 24 and 48hours; the secondary outcome was compliance with the rehabilitation goals. Results: Regional anesthesia was used in 89% of the patients. Using the femoral perineural catheter in addition to single-dose sciatic nerve block (47%), the incidence of immediate moderate to severe postoperative pain and after 24 and 48hours was 5%, 16%, and 14%, respectively, while with single-dose regional anesthesia, the incidence was 43%, 34%, and 36%, respectively. The level of compliance with the rehabilitation goals was similar among the various analgesic techniques. Conclusions: Regional anesthesia was used in most cases, although in a heterogeneous manner. The femoral perineural catheter is associated with a lower incidence of postoperative moderate to severe pain, and the results are consistent with the literature reviewed.

Resumen Introducción: La osteoartritis es una de las enfermedades más prevalentes, siendo la rodilla la articulación más afectada en mujeres mayores de 70 años. El reemplazo total primario de rodilla es un tratamiento definitivo y costoeficiente. El grupo etario, las comorbilidades, y la alta incidencia de dolor post operatorio moderado a severo, hacen del manejo anestésico y analgésico un reto. Objetivos: Describir la eficacia de las diferentes técnicas de analgesia multimodal usadas en el reemplazo total primario de rodilla en términos de dolor moderado a severo durante las primeras 48 horas postoperatorias. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional donde se analizaron los registros médicos de 79 pacientes sobre características clínicas, anestésicas y analgésicas durante 10 meses. Se calculó como resultado primario la incidencia de dolor post operatorio moderado a severo inmediato, a las 24 y 48 horas y, como resultado secundario, el cumplimiento de metas de rehabilitación. Resultados: En el 89% se usó anestesia regional. Con el catéter perineural femoral más bloqueo de nervio ciático en dosis única (47%), la incidencia de dolor moderado a severo postoperatorio inmediato, a las 24 y 48 horas fue 5,16 y 14% respectivamente. Con anestesia regional dosis única fue 43, 34 y 36% en su orden. El cumplimiento de los objetivos de rehabilitación fue similar para las diferentes técnicas analgésicas. Conclusiones: La anestesia regional fue usada en la mayoría, aunque de forma heterogénea. El catéter perineural femoral se asocia a menor incidencia de dolor moderado a severo postoperatorio, resultados acordes a lo mencionado en la literatura revisada.

Effect of sufentanil combined with nalbuphine on patient-controlled intravenous analgesia after cesarean section / 临床麻醉学杂志

Objective To study the effect of sufentanil combined with nalbuphine on patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA)management after cesarean section.Methods The obj ects of study included 150 primiparas who underwent cesarean section in our hospital from January 2016 to March 2017,aged 20-35 years,weighing 54-89 kg,ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ.The primiparas were randomly divided into three groups,50 in each group.Sufentanil group (group S):sufentanil 2 μg/kg+tropisetron 10 mg;Nalbuphine group (group N):nalbuphine 2 mg/kg+tropisetron 10 mg;Sufentanil combined with nalbuphine group (group SN):sufentanil 1 μg/kg+nalbuphine 1 mg/kg+tropisetron 10 mg.The VAS scores,Ramsay scores and the incidence of respiratory depression of pain (rest,coughing)and Ramsay sedation scores were observed at 1,3,6,9,12,24,36 h after the caesarean section.Actual pressing times of PCIA were further evaluated.Adverse reactions were ob-served,such as nausea and vomiting,respiratory depression.Results There was no statistical differ-ence in VAS scores,Ramsay scores and the incidence of respiratory depression of patients at rest a-mong the three groups.However,when coughing,the VAS scores in patients of group SN were sig-nificantly lower than those of groups S and N (P<0.05).The incidence of nausea and vomiting in group N and group SN was significantly lower than that in group S (P<0.05).The actual pressing times of PCIA were significantly less in group SN than those in group S and group N (P<0.05). Conclusion Sufentanil combined with nalbuphine can achieve satisfactory analgesic effect on PCIA management after cesarean section.

Effects Observation of Preemptive Analgesia of Parecoxib-sodium for Radical Mastectomy of Breast Cancer / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of preemptive analgesia of parecoxib-sodium for radical mastectomy of breast cancer. METHODS:A total of 60 female patients underwent selective radical mastectomy of breast cancer under general anes-thesia were randomly divided into observation group(40 cases)and control group(20 cases). 15 min before anesthesia induction, observation group was given intravenous injection of Parecoxib-sodium for injection 40 mg. Control group was given intravenous in-jection of 0.9% Sodium chloride injection 5 mL. The pain visual analogue scale(VAS),the frequency of patient controlled intrave-nous analgesia(PCA)and ADR were observed between 2 groups at different time points after surgery. RESULTS:VAS scores of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group 2,4,6,8 h after operation,and the frequency of PCA 0-4, 4-12,12-24,24-36 h after operation was significantly lower than control group,with statistical significance(P0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The preemptive analgesia of parecoxib-sodium can effectively reduce pain degree of patients with breast cancer after radical mastectomy,the frequency of PCA, and do not increase the occurrence of ADR.

Effects of general anesthesia combined thoracic paravertebral block on postoperative pain and fast track in single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery / 临床麻醉学杂志

Objective To explore the effects of general anesthesia combined thoracic paraverte-bral block on postoperative pain and fast track single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS).Methods Thirty patients,including male 20 and female 10,received single-port VATS were randomly and equally divided into two groups:group C received general anesthesia only,and group T received ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral nerve block combined with general anesthe-sia.Both groups did not use the patient-controlled analgesia,if insufficient analgesia happened (rest-ing VAS scores>4),than used dezocine intravenously as additional analgesia (a single-dose 5-20 mg, no more than 120 mg per day).The Ramsay scores at 1,4,8,12 h after the surgery and the mechani-cal withdrawal threshold on the day before the surgery,at 4,8,12,24 h after the surgery were recor-ded.The first time of post-operation pain feedback,the consumption of dezocine in the first 24 h after surgery,the incidence rates of side effects,the first time off-bed and the hospital stays were also re-corded.Results Compared with group C,the Ramsay scores at 8,12 h postoperatively in group T significantly decreased (P <0.05),and the mechanical withdrawal threshold at 4,8 h postoperatively significantly increased (P <0.05).The first time of post-operation pain feedback in group T was sig-nificantly longer than group C (P <0.05).The consumption of dezocine in the first 24 h after surgery significantly decreased in group T (P <0.05).The first time off-bed and the hospital stays in group T were shorter than group C (P <0.05).Also,the incidence rates of nausea,vomiting in the first 24 h postoperatively were lower in group T (P < 0.05 ).Conclusion General anesthesia combined with single-injected thoracic paravertebral nerve block can effectively relieve the postoperative pain in pa-tients undergoing single-port VATS,reduce the consumption of opioids in the first 24 h postopera-tively,cutting down the occurring rates of adverse reactions,which was beneficial to early ambulate and shortened the hospital stays.