Reacciones anafilácticas y alérgicas durante procedimientos médicos o quirúrgicos en dos hospitales de Guinea Bissau

RESUMEN Introducción: la seguridad durante los procedimientos médicos o quirúrgicos se ve amenazada por la anafilaxia. Objetivo: evaluar el cuadro clínico, método de estudio y eventual resultado de la reexposición en pacientes con reacciones anafilácticas y alérgicas durante procedimientos médicos o quirúrgicos. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, observacional y descriptivo en 11 pacientes con diagnóstico de anafilaxia en el curso de una intervención quirúrgica o proceder médico, en los hospitales Militar Principal y Nacional Simão Méndes, de Guinea Bissau, entre 2018 y 2020. Se evaluaron las variables: edad, sexo, procedimiento, método anestésico, antecedentes alérgicos, gravedad de la anafilaxia y agente causal. Resultados: de los 11 pacientes estudiados, 10 tuvieron reacciones en procedimientos quirúrgicos. La media de edad fue de 46,09 años, con una relación por sexo de 0,57 casos masculinos por cada caso femenino. Cinco pacientes (45,45 %) desarrollaron el grado máximo de severidad de la anafilaxia. Los agentes anestésicos fueron la causa de la anafilaxia en dos de los cuatro pacientes sometidos al método de anestesia general y en dos de los cinco sometidos al método de anestesia regional. Por su parte, el látex resultó ser el agente causal en el 45,45 % de los pacientes. Conclusiones: la apropiada identificación de las reacciones anafilácticas durante su aparición, constituye la piedra angular de la actuación médica. En cualquier caso, conllevará estudios alergoanestésicos posteriores que definan el agente causal.

ABSTRACT Introduction: safety during medical or surgical procedures is threatened by anaphylaxis. Objective: to evaluate the clinical characteristics, study method and eventual outcome of re-exposure in patients with anaphylactic and allergic reactions during medical or surgical procedures. Materials and methods: a quantitative, observational and descriptive study was carried out in 11 patients with a diagnosis of anaphylaxis in the course of a surgical intervention or medical procedure, in the Main Military Hospital and the National Hospital Simão Méndes, of Guinea Bissau between 2018 and 2020. The evaluated variables were: age, sex, procedure, anesthetic method, allergic history, severity of anaphylaxis and causal agent. Results: of the 11 patients studied, 10 had reactions in surgical procedures. The mean age was 46.09 years with a sex ratio of 0.57 male cases for each female case. Five patients (45.45 %) developed the maximum degree of anaphylaxis severity. Anesthetic agents were the cause of anaphylaxis in two of the four patients who underwent the general anesthesia method, and in two of the five who underwent the regional anesthesia method. Latex was found to be the causal agent in 45.45 % of the patients. Conclusions: the proper identification of anaphylactic reactions during their appearance is the cornerstone of medical action. In any case, subsequent allergo-anesthetic studies would be needed to define the causative agent.

Vitamin K induced anaphylactic reaction in a child: a case report

Vitamin-K is commonly indicated in pediatric patients with coagulation disorders, hepatic disease, warfarin toxicity, sepsis-induced disseminated reaction. Minor complications are very well known, but anaphylactic reactions are rarely reported in children. We present a case of a 13-year-old child who developed anaphylactic reaction following intravenous administration of Vitamin-K. He was managed with Inj. Adrenaline 0.35mg IM, Inj. Avil 22mg IV slowly over 20 mins, Nebulization with salbutamol 1mg. The reaction was most probably due to an anaphylactic reaction to Vitamin-K.

Glucocorticoid use in amniotic fluid embolism / 中国实用妇科与产科杂志

This paper discussed the use of glucocorticoids in amniotic fluid embolism treatment by analyzing the pathophysiological basis of amniotic fluid embolism and the pharmacological effects of glucocorticoids,and expounded the viewpoints and controversial issues supporting the application of glucocorticoids in amniotic fluid embolism.The conclusion is that there is no evidence to support the conventional use of glucocorticoids in the treatment of amniotic fluid embolism,although there is theoretical basis.It is controversial to use or not use large doses of glucocorticoids.

Anaphylactic reaction/angioedema associated with jellyfish sting

Abstract The most frequent jellyfish in Southern Brazil causes mainly local pain and skin plaques. A 3-year-old female bather presented an erythematous, irregular plaque on the left forearm after contact with a jellyfish and intense facial angioedema with facial flushing. The lungs had vesicular murmur, wheezes, and snorts, and pink and spumous secretion in the airways with intercostal retraction. She was administered subcutaneous adrenaline (0.1mg/kg) and hydrocortisone intravenous (10mg/kg) with total recovery in a few minutes. The manifestations of anaphylactic reactions are distinct from those of envenomations, and prompt and adequate care is fundamental in these situations.

Timely use of anti-snake venom improves maternal and fetal outcome: a case report.

Snake bite is a common medical emergency and an occupational hazard in a rural population of India. Though it is uncommon in pregnancy, it is associated with poor maternal and fetal outcome. Early gestational age and delay in the treatment are the factors responsible for unfavorable prognosis. Here, we report a case of primigravida, aged 22 years, with 22 weeks of gestation presenting with a history of snake bite on the left frontal region of the face. While on anti-snake venom treatment, patient developed anaphylactic reaction. In spite of this, the maternal and the fetal outcome were good in this case.

Application of RBL-2H3 cells on allergenicity assessment of Qing kailing and Tanreqing Injections / 中草药

Objective: To explore the allergenicity of two kinds of Chinese materia medica (CMM) injections, Qingkailing (QKL) and Tanreqing (TRQ) Injections, with serum antibody sensitized RBL-2H3 cells. Methods: The antiserum was prepared by sc injection of allergen composed of ovalbumin (OVA), QKL, or TRQ combined with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant respectively in Wistar rats. The total IgE level in serum antibody was determined by radioimmunoassay. The RBL-2H3 cells were sensitized with serum antibodies, then stimulated by OVA, QKL, or TRQ after 48 h. The release rate of β-hexosaminidase in the supernatant was determined after the degranulation of sensitized RBL-2H3 cells. Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) test was performed with rats, and the positive reaction rate with blue plaque in animal skin was observed. Results: Compared with the control group, the total IgE level in serum antibody was increased significantly in OVA, TRQ, and QKL groups (P < 0.05). The degranulation test revealed that the release rate of β-hexosaminidase was significantly increased in the supernatant when the cells were incubated with the antiserum and then stimulated with OVA, QKL, and TRQ. Compared with the control group, the largest relative times of release were 3.7, 1.53, and 1.98, respectively. The results of PCA test showed that the highest percentage rates of positive reaction of blue plaque were 100%, 100%, and 86% respectively. The results of RBL-2H3 cell test and PCA test have good consistency. Conclusion: The serum antibody sensitized RBL-2H3 cell model can be used for screening or assessing allergenicity of CMM injection.

Anafilaxia y anestesia

RESUMEN Objetivo: exponer dos casos clínicos de pacientes que presentaron una reacción anafiláctica grave durante la anestesia con diferente evolución clínica. Caso 1: sexo femenino, 19 años, coordinada para resección de quiste tirogloso. Niega antecedentes de alergia. Durante inducción anestésica presenta taquicardia e hipotensión arterial severa, con exantema cutáneo. Se trató con cristaloides, adrenalina, hidrocortisona y clorfeniramina intravenosas, recuperando la estabilidad hemodinámica rápidamente, suspendiéndose el procedimiento. Postoperatorio: test cutáneo positivo para atracurio. Caso 2: Sexo femenino, 57 años, coordinada para sustitución valvular aórtica por estenosis severa sintomática. Cesárea hace 25 años, en la cual durante la inducción anestésica presentó reacción anafiláctica grave con paro cardiorrespiratorio. Cateterismo cardíaco hace 1 mes, sin incidentes, tres días antes se realizó corticoides vía oral. La noche previa a la sustitución valvular se administró corticoides y antihistamínicos vía oral. Alérgica a dipirona, ácido acetilsalicílico (AAS), ampicilina, cefradina, yodo y “drogas anestésicas”. Durante inducción anestésica presenta shock anafiláctico con hipotensión severa refractaria a, tratamiento de reanimación, falleciendo en block quirúrgico. Discusión: la incidencia de las reacciones anafilácticas varía desde 1/3.500 a 1/20.000 anestesias, con una mortalidad perioperatoria entre 3% y 10%, presentándose cerca de 90% durante la inducción anestésica. Los relajantes musculares son los fármacos más involucrados. El manejo específico y temprano en cada una de las etapas mejora los resultados. La única medida eficaz para prevenir una reacción anafiláctica es evitar el contacto con el agente responsable. Conclusiones: se presentan casos clínicos en los que la preparación y el tratamiento pudo incidir en la evolución de los pacientes.

SUMMARY Objective: to present two clinical cases of patients who had a severe anaphylactic reaction during anesthesia with a different clinical evolution. Case 1: female, 19 years of age, with scheduled surgery for thyroglossal cyst removal. No history of allergy. During induction of anesthesia she presented tachycardia and severe hypotension, with skin exanthema. Treatment administered: intravenous, Adrenaline, Hydrocortisone, Chlorpheniramine and crystalloids, which resulted in a rapid restoration of the hemodynamic stability and the subsequent suspension of the procedure. Postoperative period: atracurium-positive skin test. Case 2: female, 57 years of age, with scheduled surgery for aortic valve replacement due to symptomatic severe stenosis. During anesthetic induction for cesarean section 25 years ago the patient developed serious anaphylactic reaction with cardiorespiratory arrest. Cardiac catheterization 1 month ago with no incidents, oral corticosteroids were administered 3 days before. Oral corticosteroids and antihistamines were administered the night before valve replacement. Allergic to dipyrone, aspirin, ampicillin, cephradine, iodine and "anesthetic drugs". During induction of anesthesia she developed anaphylactic shock with severe refractory hypotension despite resuscitation attempts and died in the operating room. Discussion: incidence of anaphylactic reactions varies from 1/3.500 to 1/20.000 anesthesias, with a perioperative mortality rate between 3 and 10%; around 90% happens during induction of anesthesia. Muscle Relaxants are the mostly involved. Specific and early management in each stage improves the outcomes. The only effective measure to prevent anaphylactic reactions is to avoid contact with the responsible agent. Conclusions: clinical cases are presented in which the preparation and treatment had an effect on patients progress.

RESUMO Objetivo: expor dois casos clínicos de pacientes que apresentaram uma reação anafilática grave durante a anestesia com diferente evolução clinica. Caso 1: paciente do sexo feminino, 19 anos, marcada para cirurgia de cisto tiroglosso. Nega antecedentes de alergia. Durante a indução anestésica apresentou taquicardia e hipotensão arterial severa com exantema cutâneo. O tratamento estabelecido foi: cristalóide, adrenalina, hidrocortisona e clorfeniramina endovenosa, rapidamente restaurou a estabilidade hemodinâmica, suspendendo-se o procedimento. Pós-operatório: teste cutâneo positivo para atracurio. Caso 2: paciente do sexo feminino, 57 anos, marcada para cirurgia de substituição valvular aórtica por estenose severa sintomática. Cesariana há 25 anos, na qual na indução anestésica apresentou reação anafilática grave com parada cardiorrespiratória. Cateterismo cardíaco há 1 mês, sem incidentes, 3 dias antes foi realizado corticóide via oral. Na noite anterior da substituição valvular administrou-se corticóide e anti-histamínico via oral. Alérgica a dipirona, AAS, ampicilina, cefradina, yodo e "drogas anestésicas". Durante a indução anestésica apresentou choque anafilático com hipotensão severa que não respondeu ao tratamento de reanimação, indo a óbito no bloco cirúrgico. Discussão: a incidência das reações anafiláticas é variável, 1/3.500 a 1/20.000 anestesias, com uma mortalidade perioperatoria entre 3 e 10 %, apresentando-se perto do 90 % durante a indução anestésica. Os relaxantes musculares são os maiores responsáveis. A conduta especifica em cada uma das etapas melhora os resultados. A única medida eficaz para prevenir uma reação anafilática é evitar o contato com os agentes responsáveis. Conclusões: apresentam-se casos clínicos nos quais a preparação e tratamento poderia ter efeito sobre a evolução dos pacientes.

Suspected Anaphylactic Reaction Associated with Microemulsion Propofol during Anesthesia Induction

Although rare, intraoperative anaphylaxis can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Aquafol(R) (Daewon Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea), a microemulsion propofol, was developed to eliminate lipid solvent-related adverse events, and was used in clinical anesthesia since 2009 with little data about severe side effects such as anaphylaxis. A healthy 16-yr-old male patient who had past medical history with two previous operations of no complications developed cardiovascular shock with generalized erythema following administration of microemulsion propofol during anesthesia induction. Intravenous injection of epinephrine and steroid rescued him. He remained in a stable state without any problems postoperatively and was discharged. Clinicians should consider this rare but serious complication during induction of anesthesia with propofol.

Sudden cardiac death under anesthesia in pediatric patient with williams syndrome: A case report and review of literature.

Williams syndrome is a complex syndrome characterized by developmental abnormalities, craniofacial dysmorphic features, and cardiac anomalies. Sudden death has been described as a very common complication associated with anesthesia, surgery, and procedures in this population. Anatomical abnormalities associated with the heart pre-dispose these individuals to sudden death. In addition to a sudden and rapid downhill course, lack of response to resuscitation is another significant feature seen in these patients. The authors report a five-year-old male with Williams syndrome, hypothyroidism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. He suffered an anaphylactic reaction during CT imaging with contrast. Resuscitation was unsuccessful. Previous reports regarding the anesthetic management of patients with Williams are reviewed and the potential for sudden death or peri-procedure related cardiac arrest discussed in this report. The authors also review reasons for refractoriness to defined resuscitation guidelines in this patient population.

Snake antivenoms: adverse reactions and production technology: [review]

Antivenoms have been widely used for more than a century for treating snakebites and other accidents with poisonous animais. Despite their efficacy, the use of heterologous antivenoms involves the possibility of adverse reactions due to activation of the immune system. In this paper, alternatives for antivenom production already in use were evaluated in light of their ability to minimize the occurrence of adverse reactions. These effects were classified according to their molecular mechanism as: anaphylactic reactions mediated by IgE, anaphylactoid reactions: aused by complement system activation, and pyrogenic reactions produced mainly by the presence of endotoxins in the final product. ln the future, antivenoms may be replaced by humanized antibodies, specific neutralizing compounds or vaccination. Meanwhile, improvements in antivenom quality will be focused on the obtainment of more purified and specific product in compliance with good manufacturing practices and at an affordable cost

Anaphylactic Reaction Induced by Diclofenac: A Case Report / Oral Science International

An anaphylactic reaction is a most severe immune-mediated reaction. Diclofenac is a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) derivative of phenylacetic acid, and continues to be routinely prescribed. We report a case of an anaphylactic reaction induced by oral diclofenac.

Severe Oropharyngeal Angioedema Caused by Propofol: A case report / 대한마취과학회지

Although propofol is thought to be a relatively safe intravenous anesthetic with regard to histamine release reactions, anaphylactoid reactions to propofol may sometimes occur, especially in patients with a history of allergy, atopy, or asthma. Here we report a patient with allergies to sesame leaves and cold medications who experienced an anaphylactic reaction with severe oropharyngeal edema a few minutes after receiving propofol (Anepol(R)). This finding suggests that propofol should be used with caution in patients with a history of allergy. Because profound airway edema can occur, the airway should be evaluated before extubation of the trachea.

Anaphylactic Reaction to Cefotetan during Spinal Anesthesia: A case report / 대한마취과학회지

A 37-year-old male was admitted for a hemorrhoidectomy. He received uneventfully spinal anesthesia for a hemorrhoidectomy. He had no previous history of any allergic tendency. By the request of the general surgeon, a cefotetan was intravenously administered slowly to reduce the incidence of infection. A few minutes later, anaphylactic reaction developed with hypotension, tachycardia, consciousness change and urticaria. After appropriate management, he recovered without any complication.

Anaphylactic Reaction to Cefotetan during Spinal Anesthesia: A case report / 대한마취과학회지

A 37-year-old male was admitted for a hemorrhoidectomy. He received uneventfully spinal anesthesia for a hemorrhoidectomy. He had no previous history of any allergic tendency. By the request of the general surgeon, a cefotetan was intravenously administered slowly to reduce the incidence of infection. A few minutes later, anaphylactic reaction developed with hypotension, tachycardia, consciousness change and urticaria. After appropriate management, he recovered without any complication.

Anaphylactic Reaction after Thiopental Sodium Injection -A case report- / 대한마취과학회지

A 43-year-old female was admitted for a laparoscopic surgical procedure. Her past history included two uneventful general anesthesias, but anaphylactic shock due to an unknown drug occurred during her third surgery. Induction was performed with thiopental sodium, but an immediate anaphylactic reaction developed with cardiovascular collapse. We resuscitated the patient and she recovered without any complication.

Inhibition of IgE-mediated anaphylactic reaction by Mentha arvensis in rats / 천식및알레르기

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that Mentha arvensis water extract (MAWE) inhibited systemic anaphylaxis and histamine release from the rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) by compound 48/80. OBJECTIVE AND METHOD: This study was undertaken to determine the inhibitory effects of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated anaphylactic reaction by MAWE. This paper deals with an evaluation of the effect of MAWE on the anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE antibody induced anaphylactic reaction in rats. We also investigated the influence of MAWE on anti-DNP IgE antibody-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production. RESULTS: MAWE inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) when intravenously, intrap- eritoneally, and orally administered. MAWE dose-dependently inhibited histamine release from RPMC activated by anti-DNP IgE antibody. Moreover, MAWE had an inhibitory effect on anti-DNP IgE antibody induced TNF-alphaproduction from RPMC. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that MAWE inhibits the IgE-mediated anaphylactic reaction in rats.

A case of anaphylactic shock induced by hydrocortisone sodium succinate in patient with wheat allergy / 천식및알레르기

Corticosteroids are widely used in treatment of allergic or idiosyncratic anaphylactic reactions, paradoxically, they can be responsible for anaphylactic reactions. Although several reports of suspected allergic reactions to corticosteroids had already appeared, Mendelson et al reported the first instance of immediate anaphylaxis ascribed to solucortef in 1974. We present a review of the literature, and report on one patient with wheat allergy suffered from anaphylactic shock after injection of hydrocortisone sodium succinate. In patients with systemic severe reactions to injectable corticosteroids, we recommend careful and comprehensive skin testing with most available corticosteroids, as well as the components of the injectables.

Anaphylactic Reaction after Aprotinin Reexposure: A case report / 대한마취과학회지

Aprotinin, a proteinase inhibitor, is known to significantly reduce blood loss during cardiac, thoracic and vascular surgery. Despite the wide use of this medication, there are only a few reports of anaphylactic reactions. We experienced a case of severe intraoperative anaphylactic reaction due to reexposure of aprotinin used to reduce intraoperative bleeding. During anesthesia for brain tumor removal, systemic hypotension and generalized rash were developed following the administration of aprotinin in a 34-year-old woman. We suggest that it is necessary, in patients known to have had previous aprotinin therapy, to perform skin test with diluted aprotinin before infusion.

A Case Report of Anaphylactoid Reaction for Thiopental / 대한마취과학회지

Sodium thiopental is a popular intravenous anesthetic that has been used extensively throughout the world. The rare adverse reactions to thiopental consist mainly of anaphylactic shock, bronchospasm, and local thrombophlebitis. The reported incidence of presumed anaphylactic reaction (Type l hypersensitivity) to thiopental are extremely rare. Although the mechanism of these adverse reactiona is unclear, the clinical features (generalized erythema, hypotension, edema and bronchspasm) are thought to result from massive discharge of histamine and other vasoactive substance from basophils and mast cells. Since such reactions are life threatening, they must be recognized immediately and the appmpriate treatment given. The successful management of anaphylaxis requires a thorough understanding of this syndrome and the application of therapeutic agents. The authors report a case of anaphylactoid response to thiopental in a 34 years old healthy male patient and briefly review the literature.