TREATMENT DIFFICULTIES WITH LIVER ABSCESS IN PREGNANCY A RARE CASE REPORTTREATMENT DIFFICULTIES WITH LIVER ABSCESS IN PREGNANCY A RARE CASE REPORT

Liver abscess in pregnancy is a rare entity and can be a life threatening condition. Here we present A case of amoebic liver abscess in 25 years old lady in of pregnancy, with highlights on treatmentthird trimester difficulties which we had faced in the management and timely intervention leads to good fetomaternal outcome

Anisakid Larvae from Anchovies in the South Coast of Korea

Anisakiasis (anisakidosis) refers to a foodborne zoonosis caused by ingesting raw or undercooked marine fish or cephalopods infected with anisakid larvae. The present study was performed to investigate the prevalence of anisakid larvae in anchovies (Engraulis japonica) purchased from 2 local markets in Gyeongsangnam-do, the Republic of Korea (=Korea), during 2018–2019. Anchovies were transported to our laboratory and examined by pepsin-HCl artificial digestion technique followed by microscopic observations and molecular analyses. The overall prevalence of anisakid larvae was 19.5% (39/200), from which a total of 51 larvae (av. 1.3 larvae/infected anchovy) were recovered. Sequencing of the larvae targeting the ITS region, including ITS1, 5.8S rRNA, and ITS2 genes confirmed the species of larvae as Anisakis pegreffii (54.9%; 28/51), Hysterothylacium sinense (23.5%; 12/51), and Hysterothylacium aduncum (21.5%; 11/51). The results suggested that anchovies could be a potential source of human anisakiasis in Korea.

Tamaño óptimo de muestra para estimar la distribución de tallas y proporción de juveniles de anchoveta por lance a bordo de la flota de cerco peruana

La distribución de tallas de las capturas es una fuente de información esencial para la estimación del crecimiento y la dinámica espacio-temporal de las cohortes. La distribución de tallas de las capturas se estima a partir de muestras de individuos capturados en los lances. Este trabajo estudia la cantidad óptima de individuos a muestrear en cada lance para obtener una muestra representativa de las tallas del lance, y de la proporción de juveniles en el lance. Para ello, se utilizan datos de tallas de diferentes lances en la pesca de anchoveta peruana (Engraulis ringens) registrados por observadores a bordo del Programa Bitácoras de Pesca del Instituto del Mar del Perú, y remuestreos a partir de esos datos. Finalmente proponemos un tamaño de muestra óptimo que permite obtener estimaciones robustas de tallas y proporción de juveniles. Aunque este trabajo se aplicó a la pesca de anchoveta, el procedimiento es aplicable a cualquier pesquería, para muestreos bio-métricos a bordo o en tierra

The length distribution of catches represents a fundamental source of information for estimating growth and spatiotemporal dynamics of cohorts. The length distribution of caught is estimated based on samples of catched individuals. This work studies the optimum sample size of individuals at each fishing set in order to obtain a representative sample of the length and the proportion of juveniles in the fishing set. For that matter, we use anchovy (Engraulis ringens) length data from different fishing sets recorded by observers at-sea from the On-board Observers Program from the Peruvian Marine Research Institute. Finally, we propose an optimum sample size for obtaining robust size and juvenile estimations. Though the application of this work corresponds to the anchovy fishery, the procedure can be applied to any fishery, either for on board or inland biometric measurements

Tamaño óptimo de muestra del programa de observadores a bordo de la flota dirigida a la explotación de la anchoveta peruana (Engraulis ringens) / Optimum sample size for a program of observers on board fishing vessels targetting Peruvian anchovy (Engraulis ringens)

El monitoreo de la pesquería de anchoveta en el Perú es de suma importancia para la sostenibilidad del ecosistema de Humboldt. El Programa de observadores a bordo Bitácoras de Pesca constituye una rica plataforma de recolección de datos de las embarcaciones durante sus viajes de pesca, y donde se recopila información acerca de las capturas en cada lance, distribuciones de tallas, descartes, captura incidental, captura por unidad de esfuerzo, entre otros. Para que los indicadores obtenidos a partir de esta información tengan robustez es preciso contar con un método de solidez estadística para el cálculo del número necesario de viajes a muestrear. Este trabajo presenta un método con estas características, para calcular el número óptimo de viajes de manera independiente para cada una de las variables y a diferentes escalas de tiempo. Se muestra que, dependiendo del objetivo y de la escala temporal, la cantidad óptima de viajes a muestrear varía. A partir de estos resultados, se proporcionan recomendaciones prácticas sobre el tamaño de muestra para el Programa Bitácoras de Pesca. También se discute la aplicabilidad de esta metodología para otros recursos pelágicos.

Monitoring the anchovy fishery is of great importance for assuring the sustainability of the Humboldt ecosystem. The on-board observers program constitutes a rich platform for data collection for monitoring, as it consists of the collection of data from vessels during their fishing trips, regarding catches, size distribution, discards, catch per unit of effort, among others. To get robust indicators from these data, it is necessary to use a solid statistical procedure for computing the number of fishing trips to sample. This work presents a method with those characteristics, for computing each indicator independently and at different time scales. We show that the optimum size varies depending on the objective (indicator) and the time scale. Based on these results, practical recommendations for fixing the sample size are given. We finally discuss the aplicability of this methodology for other pelagic resources.

Morphological development of Anchoviella vaillanti (Steindachner, 1908) (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) larvae and early juveniles

The considerable similarity in the early life stages of different fish species makes egg and larvae identification in fishery biology and ichthyoplankton surveys a difficult task. Knowledge on early larval development of morphologically similar taxa and species-rich orders, such as Clupeiformes, mainly in the Neotropical fresh waters is rather limited. The aim of the present study was to describe morphological and meristic aspects of the larvae and early juveniles of Anchoviella vaillanti, an endemic species of the São Francisco River basin in Brazil. The characterization was based on an ontogenetic series of 132 individuals (1.3-51.0 mm SL). In the larval period, body varies from elongated to very elongated and the head is small, which is typical of Clupeiformes. The finfold is present beginning in the yolk-sac stage, when larvae have a large yolk sac, until the flexion stage. Pectoral fin buds are the first to form during the preflexion stage, when dorsal- and anal-fin pterygiophores and hypural bones are first visible. The total vertebra count ranges from 36 to 39 and the myomere number ranges from 31 to 45. Complete fin formation obeys the following sequence: anal and dorsal fins during flexion stage; and pectoral, pelvic and caudal fins during postflexion stage. Despite being the only freshwater clupeiform representative in the São Francisco River, A. vaillanti may occur sympatrically with A. lepidentostole in the lower stretches of the river basin. Although early larvae characteristics of A. lepidentostole are not known, its late larvae and early juveniles may be distinguished from those of A. vaillanti, by the higher number of dorsal-fin rays (15 or 16 vs. 12 or 13 in A. vaillanti), higher total vertebra count (40 vs. 37 to 40) and shorter pre-pectoral length (14 to 16 vs. 22.8 to 28.9 percent SL).

A grande semelhança entre larvas de diferentes espécies de peixes torna a identificação de ovos e larvas em estudos de biologia pesqueira e ecologia do ictioplâncton uma tarefa difícil. O conhecimento sobre o desenvolvimento inicial de táxons com grande similaridade morfológica no período larval e riqueza taxonômica, como Clupeiformes, em particular daqueles de água doce na região neotropical, é bastante limitado. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho contribui para a redução desta lacuna, através da descrição morfológica e merística de larvas e juvenis iniciais de Anchoviella vaillanti, espécie endêmica da bacia do rio São Francisco. A caracterização foi realizada a partir de uma série ontogênica de 132 indivíduos (1,3-51,0 mm CP). No período larval, o corpo varia de muito alongado a alongado e a cabeça é pequena, características de Clupeiformes. A nadadeira embrionária está presente desde o estágio larval vitelino, no qual as larvas apresentam um saco vitelino grande, até o estágio de flexão. Os botões das nadadeiras peitorais são os primeiros a surgir, no estágio de pré-flexão, quando surgem também os pterigióforos das nadadeiras dorsal, anal e os ossos hipurais. O número total de vértebras varia de 36 a 39 e de miômeros de 31 a 45; a completa formação das nadadeiras obedece à seguinte ordem: anal e dorsal no estágio de flexão; e peitoral, pélvica e caudal no estágio de pós-flexão. Embora seja o único engraulídeo de água doce da bacia do rio São Francisco, A. vaillanti pode ocorrer simpatricamente com A. lepidentostole no trecho inferior da bacia. Embora as características de larvas iniciais de A. lepidentostole não sejam conhecidas, seus estágios larvais finais e juvenis podem ser distinguidos daqueles de A. vaillanti pelo maior número de raios da nadadeira dorsal (15 ou 16 vs. 12 ou 13 em A. vaillanti), maior número total de vértebras (40 vs. 37 a 40) e menor comprimento pré-peitoral (14 a 16 vs. 22,8 a 28,9 por cento CP).

Habitat selection by anchovies (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) in a tropical bay at Southeastern Brazil

Distribution of anchovies (Clupeiformes, Engraulidae) was described in the Sepetiba Bay, a coastal area of Southeastern Brazil, to assess eventual mechanisms of habitat selection. Two fish sampling programmes were accomplished; one using beach seine (1998/2000) to catch juveniles in sandy beaches, and the other, using seines (1999/2000) to catch adults in deeper bay areas. Six species representing 4 genera were recorded: Anchoa tricolor, Anchoa januaria, Anchoa lyolepis, Cetengraulis edentulus, Engraulis anchoita and Lycengraulis grossidens. Anchoa tricolor and A. januaria were the most abundant species, with the former peaking in the outer bay, while the latter peaking in the inner bay. Adults A. tricolor are target of heavy commercial fisheries in the bay during Spring-Summer, while E. anchoita, an abundant species in the continental shelf, was occasionally caught in large numbers during the Autumn. The habitat selection, by using two different bay areas, was developed by the two most abundant species, a probable mechanism to enable their coexistence.

A distribuição de manjubas (Clupeiformes, Engraulidae) foi descrita na Baía de Sepetiba, uma área costeira do Sudeste do Brasil, para determinar eventuais mecanismos de seleção de habitat. Dois programas de amostragem foram realizados; um usando arrasto de praia (1998/2000) para captura de juvenis, e outro, usando arrasto de fundo (1999/2000) para captura de adultos. Seis espécies representadas por quatro gêneros foram capturadas: Anchoa tricolor, Anchoa januaria, Anchoa lyolepis, Cetengraulis edentulus, Engraulis anchoita e Lycengraulis grossidens. Anchoa tricolor e A. januaria foram as espécies mais abundantes, com a primeira ocorrendo principalmente na zona externa da baía, enquanto a segunda com maior abundância na zona interna. Adultos A. tricolor são alvo de intensas pescarias comercial na baía durante a Primavera-Verão, enquanto E. anchoita, uma abundante espécie na plataforma continental, foi ocasionalmente capturada em grande numero durante o Outono. A seleção de hábitat, através do uso de diferentes áreas da baía, foi desenvolvida pelas duas espécies mais abundantes, um provável mecanismo para permitir a coexistência.

Protein quality of anchovy, mackerel and canned sardine samples

The protein nutritive value of anchovy, mackerel and canned sardine samples together with casein as a reference formulation were evaluated. Proximate composition, protein quality and protein digestibility were determined. Procedures for evaluation included Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) using the rat bioassay and in vivo Apparent Digestibility (AD). Rats fed with canned sardine diet had the highest mean body weight (154.8±12.28g) while rats fed with anchovy diet had the lowest mean body weight (145.27±15.89g) with significant differences between all the groups. Mean body weight of rats fed with selected fish diet was higher compared to rats fed with casein diet. For PER value, canned sardine has the highest value (2.48), followed by anchovy (2.46) and mackerel (2.34). PER value for all selected fish is lower than that for casein (3.14). Mackerel had the highest value of in vivo AD (96.99%), followed by casein (96.96%), canned sardine (96.88%) and anchovy (91.29%). In conclusion, among the types of fish compared, sardine had the highest protein quality while mackerel showed the highest digestibility.

Treatment of 4th & 5th Metatarsotarsal Joint Arthritis with Anchovy Tendon Interposition Arthroplasty: Cases Report / 대한족부족관절학회지

The 4th and 5th metatarsocuboid joint arthritis causes moderate functional deficit during walking. It is difficult to obtain good results with conservative treatment. The arthrodesis of the affected joints can be a possible surgical option, but with a limited success. We report two cases of the 4th and 5th metatarsocuboid joint arthritis managed with anchovy tendon interposition arthroplaty.

Molecular composition of Enzymolyzed Anchovy Soluble Peptide and its of Nutrition Evaluation / 中国海洋药物

The peptides molecular compositions and the amino acids component of the enzymolyzed protein of anchovy soluble peptides hydrolysed by pepsin and trypsin were assayed and determined by gel HPLC and amino acid analytical instrument.The molecular weight of the peptides is less than 7400, of which 1.74 percent is a large peptide chain with composition of 52~58 amino acids and 6600~7400 molecular weight,29.75 percent is a middle large peptide with 20~41 amino acids and 2500~5300 molecular weight , and 50 percent is a oligo-peptide with 2~10 amino acids and less than 1000 molecular weight. The proportion of total nitrogen to rree amino acid nitrogen is 25.9:1 in the hydrolysates. 96 pecent of amino acid exists in form of peptides and 4 percent are free amino acids. The con tent of whole amino acids accounts for 73.98 percent soluble peptides, and the essential amino acid is 32.39 percent or 43.78 percent of the whole amino acids .Comparing whth FAO/WHO , the phenylalanine expresses in the first limited amino acid with the amino acid score of 61. Based on the analysis results, the balance of amino acid composition pf anchovy loluble peptides and the physiological function of loigo-peptide in an animal organism were explored.