ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT In search of lead molecules for use in disease prevention and as food additive from natural sources, two flavanols were isolated from leaves of Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq., Rubiaceae. Their structures were established as 6-hydroxycoumarin-(4"→8)-(-)-epicatechin and 6-hydroxycoumarin-(4"→8)-(-)-epicatechin-(4→6‴)-(-)-epicatechin on the basis of spectroscopic data. Both the compounds exhibited potent antioxidant and antigenotoxic activity. 6-Hydroxycoumarin-(4"→8)-(-)-epicatechin scavenged DPPH, ABTS+.and superoxide anion radicals with IC50 values of 6.09 µg/ml, 5.95 µg/ml and 42.70 µg/ml respectively whereas the IC50 values for 6-hydroxycoumarin-(4"→8)-(-)-epicatechin-(4→6‴)-(-)-epicatechin were 6.62 µg/ml for DPPH free radicals, 6.93 µg/ml for ABTS radical cations and 49.08 µg/ml for superoxide anion radicals. Both the compounds also exhibited potent reducing potential in reducing power assay and protected the plasmid DNA (pBR322) against the attack of hydroxyl radicals generated by Fenton's reagent in DNA protection assay. In SOS chromotest, 6-hydroxycoumarin-(4"→8)-(-)-epicatechin decreased the induction factor induced by 4NQO (20 µg/ml) and aflatoxin B1 (20 µg/ml) by 31.78% and 65.04% respectively at a concentration of 1000 µg/ml. On the other hand, 6-hydroxycoumarin-(4"→8)-(-)-epicatechin-(4→6‴)-(-)-epicatechin decreased the genotoxicity of these mutagens by 37.11% and 47.05% respectively. It also showed cytotoxicity in COLO-205 cancer cell line with GI50 of 435.71 µg/ml. Both the compounds showed moderate cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitory activity.
ABSTRACT
Aims: The study aims at mitigating pulp kappa number before bleaching to minimize pollution load. Study Design: An experimental study. Methodology: The various parameters of direct fungal (Coprinellus disseminatus MLK01) treatment (F-stage) of unbleached kraft pulp of Anthocephalus cadamba were optimized and compared with the results of enzymatically pre-bleaching. Finally, the pulp was bleached by EQP three-stage and XECEHH six stages bleaching sequences. Results: Direct fungal treatment (F-stage) delignified the Anthocephalus cadamba kraft pulp more selectively with Coprinellus disseminatus MLK01 compared to xylanase prebleached pulp from the same fungus and oxygen delignification. F-stage mitigated the unbleached pulp kappa number by 55.0% and improved brightness and viscosity by 17.3 and 7.63% respectively. Kappa number reduction and brightness improvement were 22.1 and 6.3% more in F-stage compared to XE-stage. The kappa number and pulp brightness of oxygen delignified were 0.9 and 5.2% less compared to F-stage. The viscosity of oxygen delignified pulp reduced drastically due to alkaline peeling reactions compared to XE-stage (‒26.86%) and F-stage (‒27.09%). The brightness and viscosity of XECEHH bleached pulp were 80.1% and 7.4 cps at a chlorine demand of 4.3% while FEQP bleached pulp produced brightness of 79.7% and viscosity 8.2 cps. COD and colour values in effluent generated during FEQP bleaching were 53.29% and 54.36% less compared to CEHH bleaching.
ABSTRACT
The hydroethanolic extract of the flowering tops of Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq., Rubiaceae, a Bangladeshi medicinal plant, was studied for its potential hypoglycemic effect and antioxidant property in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The extract induced significant reduction in serum glucose, and transaminases, e.g. aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatases (ALP), activities. Significant changes in the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), peroxidase and catalase levels during the experimental period were also observed. The results established that the hydroethanolic extract of the flowering tops of A. cadamba possesses hypoglycemic property and is able to protect liver and brain from oxidative damages caused by diabetes.
ABSTRACT
A propriedade antidiarréica do extrato hidroetanólico dos topos floridos de Anthocephalus cadamba foi avaliada em animais experimentais. O extrato hidroetanólico seco (250-500 mg/kg massa corpórea, v.o.) exibiu uma diminuição dose-dependente do número total de excrementos na diarréia induzida por óleo de castor em camundongos. O extrato também causou uma redução significativa (p < 0.01) e dose-dependente do acúmulo de fluidos intestinais e do trânsito gastrointestinal de 64,59 por cento e 71,19 por cento nas doses de 250 e 500 mg/kg. As taxas de redução foram de 37,85 por cento e 74,91 por cento, respectivamente, com o grupo controle e da droga padrão.
The antidiarrhoeal property of the hydroethanolic extract of the flowering tops of Anthocephalus cadamba was assessed on experimental animals. The dry hydroethanolic extract (250-500 mg/kg body mass, p.o.) exhibited a dose-dependent decrease in the total number of faecal droppings in castor oil-induced diarrhoea in mice. The extract also produced a significant (p < 0.01) and dose-dependent reduction in intestinal fluids accumulation and in the gastrointestinal transit from 64.59 percent and 71.19 percent at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg. The reduction rates were 37.85 percent and 74.91 percent, respectively, with the control and standard drug group.