Composición corporal y rendimiento deportivo en gimnastas de acrobática / Body composition and sports performance in acrobatic gymnasts

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las posibles relaciones entre diferentes aspectos de puntuación del ejercicio en competición y características antropométricas en un grupo de adolescentes de GA de la élite nacional en función de dos categorías diferentes. Estudio descriptivo y de corte transversal. La muestra ha estado compuesta por 39 adolescentes entre 11 y 19 años (14,9±2,39), de las categorías junior y senior. Se aplicó un cuestionario elaborado ad hoc donde se pedían datos sociodemográficos y deportivos, junto a la toma de medidas antropométricas peso, altura, perímetro de cintura y pliegues cutáneos tricipital, bicipital, suprailiaco, supraespinoso y el de la pantorrilla. Se encontraron asociaciones significativas entre el % de GC (suma del pliegue del tríceps y subescapular) con la nota de dificultad del ejercicio de EQ y COMB y de forma más moderada con la nota de dificultad y final del ejercicio DIN. Igualmente, el % de GC con la suma de los dos pliegues tricipital y el de la pantorrilla, demostró una asociación moderada con la nota final del ejercicio DIN y la nota de dificultad del ejercicio de EQ, así como la nota de dificultad del ejercicio DIN. Los portores presentan mayores valores en todas las medidas antropométricas frente a los ágiles; en cuanto al rendimiento, es superior en la categoría senior, obteniendo mejores puntuaciones en todas las variables analizadas y por último, existe asociación negativa entre el % GC y la puntuación en las notas de dificultad de todos los ejercicios, así como en la nota final del ejercicio DIN.

SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to analyse the possible relationships between different aspects of exercise score in competition and anthropometric characteristics in a group of national elite AG adolescents according to two different categories. Descriptive and cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 39 adolescents aged between 11 and 19 years (14,9±2,39), from the junior and senior categories. An ad hoc questionnaire was administered asking for socio-demographic and sporting data, together with anthropometric measurements of weight, height, waist circumference and tricipital, bicipital, suprailiac, supraspinatus, supraspinatus and calf skinfolds. Significant associations were found between the % BF (sum of triceps and subscapularis skinfold) with the BAL and COMB exercise difficulty score and more moderately with the DYN exercise difficulty and end score. Similarly, the % of BF with the sum of the two tricipital and calf creases showed a moderate association with the final grade of the DYN exercise and the difficulty grade of the BAL exercise, as well as the difficulty grade of the DYN exercise. The bases present higher values in all anthropometric measures compared to the agile; in terms of performance, it is higher in the senior category, obtaining better scores in all the variables analysed and finally, there is a negative association between the % BF and the score in the difficulty grades of all the exercises, as well as in the final grade of the DYN exercise.

Nutritional profile of cancer patients treated at an outpatient oncology center in the south region of Brazil

To evaluate the nutritional profile of cancer patients treated at an oncology center in South Brazil.This is a descriptive, exploratory and sectional study that was developed in a process that involved 100 patients aged between 18 and 75 years old, suffering from cancer.The anthropometric variables studied were weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI), arm circumference (AC), arm muscle circumference (AMC),triceps skinfold (TSF) and corrected arm muscle area (cAMA). For subjective nutritional assessment, we used the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). Nearly half of the patients evaluated had a critical need for nutritional intervention. There was a statistically significant association between cAMA and marital status, age and gender; between AC and age, gender and staging; between AMC and staging; between BMI and marital status and age; and between TSF and marital status. Patients diagnosed with IV stage had the lowest values for nutritional variables. There was no significant association between nutritional status of patients obtained by the PG-SGA instrument and sociodemographic characteristics. Malnutrition should be diagnosed as soon as possible,aiming at early intervention and improving survival and quality of life. Therefore, early nutritional assessment in cancer patients is required, combining subjective and objective methods.

Características antropométricas y potencia de miembros inferiores en jugadores universitarios de rugby-7

El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar las variables antropométricas y de potencia de miembros inferiores (PMI) en una muestra de jugadores de rugby-7 de diferentes posiciones. Participaron 22 jugadores universitarios clasificados de acuerdo con las posiciones ocupadas en el terreno de juego en back y forward. Para evaluar el porcentaje de grasa, se utilizó el protocolo de 7 pliegues cutáneos de Jackson & Pollock, y para las pruebas de PMI salto vertical (CMJ), salto horizontal y salto triple. Con el afán de comparar las variables del estudio, fue adoptado el test T para muestras pareadas, siendo el p < 0,05. Los resultados indicaron una diferencia significativa entre la masa total (t = , p < 0,01), la masa libre de grasa (p < 0,05), la masa adiposa (p < 0,01) y el CMJ (p < 0,005) entre los grupos. Se observa que las características antropométricas y neuromusculares para los forwards son distintas de las de los backs, debido a la posición de juego, que requiere una configuración morfológica y física distinta.

The objective of this study was to compare the anthropometric and lower limb power (PMI) variables in a sample of rugby-7 players holding different positions. Twenty-two rugby-7 college players participated; according to the positions occupied on the playing field, they were classified in back and forward. The protocol of seven skin folds of Jackson & Pollock was used to evaluate the percentage of fat; and for the PMI tests vertical jump (CMJ), horizontal jump and triple jump. The T-test for paired samples was adopted, being p < 0.05, to compare the study variables. The results indicated a significant difference between the total mass (p < 0,01), the fat-free mass (p < 0,05), the fat mass (p < 0,01), and the CMJ (p < 0,005) between the groups. It is observed that the anthropometric demands for the forwards are different from the backs, due to the characteristic of the game position, which requires a different physical and morphological configuration.

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as variáveis antropométricas e de potência dos membros inferiores (PMI) em uma amostra de jogadores de rúgbi-7 de diferentes posições. Participaram 22 jogadores universitários, classificados de acordo com as posições ocupadas no campo de jogo para adiante e para trás. Para avaliar o percentual de gordura, utilizou-se o protocolo de 7 dobras cutâneas de Jackson & Pollock, e para os testes de PMI salto vertical (CMJ), salto horizontal e salto triplo. Com o objetivo de comparar as variáveis do estudo, o teste T foi adotado para amostras de dupla, sendo p <0,05. Os resultados indicaram uma diferença significativa entre a massa total ( t =, p <0,01), a massa livre de gordura (p <0,05), a massa adiposa (p <0,01) e o CMJ (p < 0,005) entre os grupos. Observa- se que as características antropométricas e neuromusculares para os atacantes são diferentes daquelas das costas, devido à posição de jogo, que requer uma configuração morfológica e física diferente.

Polimorfismo rs17817449 del gen FTO y su influencia en variables antropométricas de jóvenes chilenos / rs17817449 polymorphism of the fto gene and its influence on anthropometric variables of young Chileans

Determinar la distribución genotípica y la frecuencia alélica del polimorfismo rs17817449 del gen FTO en jóvenes chilenos y su influencia en variables antropométricas. Los 96 sujetos jóvenes (18-25 años), 43 hombres y 53 mujeres fueron evaluados utilizando genotipificación del polimorfismo rs17817449 del gen FTO en TT, TG y GG mediante polimerase chain reaction (PCR), además de una evaluación Kinenatropométrica para determinar las variables asociadas a composición corporal. Las variables fueron analizadas estadísticamente según su distribución paramétrica y el nivel de significancia estadística fue p<0,05. La distribución genotípica del polimorfismo rs17817449 de FTO en jóvenes chilenos fue: TT: 50 %; TG: 42,7 %; GG 7,3 % y la distribución alélica fue: T: 0,7105 y G: 0,2895. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las variables antropométricas al analizar los participantes según modelo de dominancia del alelo G. Se determinó la distribución genotípica y la frecuencia alélica del polimorfismo rs17817449 del gen FTO en jóvenes chilenos, datos desconocidos hasta este momento. De acuerdo a nuestros resultados, no existen diferencias antropométricas entre personas con diferentes genotipos del polimorfismo rs17817449 de FTO, agrupadas según modelo de dominancia del alelo G.

The rs17817449 polymorphism of the FTO gene in young Chileans and their influence on anthropometric variables. 96 young subjects (18-25 years old), 43 men and 53 women were evaluated using genotyping of the rs17817449 polymorphism of the FTO gene in TT, TG and GG by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in addition to a Kinenatropometric evaluation to determine the variables associated with body composition. The variables were analyzed statistically according to their parametric distribution and the level of statistical significance was p<0.05. The genotypic distribution of the FTO polymorphism rs17817449 in young Chileans was: TT: 50 %; TG: 42.7 %; GG 7.3 % and the allelic distribution was: T: 0.7105 and G: 0.2895. No statistically significant differences were found in the anthropometric variables when analyzing the participants according to model of dominance of the G allele. The genotypic distribution and the allelic frequency of the rs17817449 polymorphism of the gene were determined FTO in Chilean population, data unknown until now. According to our results, there are no anthropometric differences between people with different genotypes of the FTO polymorphism rs17817449, nor according to the dominance model of the G.

Need for a nomogram of renal sizes in the Indian population–findings from a single centre sonographic study.

Background & objectives: Renal size is an important parameter used in the diagnosis and follow up of renal diseases. However, while making decisions, clinicians must be aware of the dependence of these dimensions on the ethnicity of the individual, independent of anthropometric indices. There is no established nomogram for renal sizes in the Indian population. The aim of this study was to assess the applicability of oft-quoted ranges of normal renal sizes in our population. Methods: Renal dimensions including length, width and parenchymal thickness were sonographically measured in 140 individuals with no renal disease. Analysis was done for differences due to age, gender and laterality. The correlation of renal dimensions with anthropometric parameters like weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and body surface area (BSA) was analyzed. Results: The means of length, width and parenchymal thickness of all 280 kidneys of 140 patients were 9.65 ± 0.63, 4.5 ± 0.42 and 2.04 ± 0.2 cm, respectively. There was a significant difference in parenchymal thickness between the right and left kidneys, while there was no significant right-left difference in length or width. Gender-wise analysis showed significant differences between male and female renal breadths but not length and parenchymal thickness. Age group-wise analysis showed significant decrease in renal length and parenchymal thickness beyond the seventh decade. There was a moderate positive correlation of bilateral renal length with body weight and BSA, and a weak positive correlation with body height and BMI. Interpretation & conclusions: Renal sizes in our population are in contrast to commonly quoted normal values in literature. Conclusions about renal sizes need to be made with reference to nomograms and should not be based upon data from other populations. We also present formulae whereby to derive renal sizes from anthropometric indices in our population.

Anthropometric changes precede the changes in lipid profile among the healthy young individuals with family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Increase in diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health concern. Offspring’s of subjects with diabetes are known to express various trait characteristics. In the present study, anthropometric and metabolic parameters among healthy offspring’s with (cases, n=50) and without (control, n=50) family history of type 2 DM is compared. Anthropometric measurements, fasting blood sugar and lipid profile were estimated. Cases showed significant increase in their anthropometric measurements than controls and they also demonstrated significant increase in total cholesterol, LDL and decreased HDL and HDL/LDL ratio. Cases were further categorized into two subgroups based on BMI (group 1, BMI=21.55±1.7 kg/m2, group 2, BMI=29.03±4.3 kg/m2). Groups 2, inspite of showing significant increase in their anthropometric measurements than group1 the lipid profiles were comparable. Thus, demonstrating a temporal dissociation between anthropometric and lipid changes, former preceding the later. Therefore, in younger age group, anthropometric measures could be used for risk stratification and as a metric to evaluate the efficacy of preventive intervention.

Variables antropométricas que estiman adiposidad como predictores de resistencia a la insulina en mujeres posmenopáusicas con exceso de peso.

Objetivo: Determinar cuales de las variables o índices antropométricos que estiman adiposidad, son predictores de resistencia a la insulina (RI) en mujeres posmenopáusicas venezolanas con exceso de peso. Métodos: Se estudiaron 67 mujeres posmenopáusicas aparentemente sanas con un año de amenorrea o más, con edades comprendidas entre 45 y 65 años, y con exceso de peso (sobrepeso u obesidad), de acuerdo a los valores del índice de masa corporal (IMC). Se midieron las siguientes variables antropométricas: peso, talla, circunferencia de cintura (CCi), circunferencia de cadera (CCa), circunferencia media del brazo izquierdo (CBI), pliegue tricipital (PTRIC), pliegue subescapular (PSE) y porcentaje de grasa corporal (%GC). Se calculó el IMC y el índice cintura/cadera (ICC). Se determinaron los niveles séricos de glucosa, insulina y estradiol, y la RI se midió a través del índice HOMA (homeostasis model assessment). Resultados: Casi la totalidad de las mujeres evaluadas (98,5%) presentaron valores elevados para la CCi, mientras que cerca del 50% de las mismas mostró RI y valores altos para el %GC. Los valores medios para las variables e índices antropométricos evaluados, fueron mayores en las mujeres con RI, con diferencias significativas (p<0,05) para el IMC, la CBI, el CCi y el ICC. Según las Curvas ROC, los puntos de corte para el IMC y la CCi fueron 25,43 kg/m² y 84 cm respectivamente; dichos valores predicen en un 97,4% la RI en las mujeres estudiadas. Conclusión: Un porcentaje elevado de las mujeres posmenopáusicas evaluadas, presentaron una distribución central de la grasa corporal y resistencia a la insulina. El IMC y la CCi fueron las medidas antropométricas con la más alta capacidad predictiva para RI.

Objective: To identify which of the anthropometric variables for estimating adiposity, are predictors of insulin resistance (IR) in postmenopausal Venezuelan women with overweight. Methods: A sample of 67 apparently healthy postmenopausal women aged between 45 and 65, with one year or more since amenorrhea, and with overweight according to the values of body mass index (BMI), was studied. The following anthropometric measurements were determined: weight, height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), left upper arm circumference (LUAC), triceps skinfold (TSF), subscapular (TS) and percentage of body fat (% BF). The body mass index (BMI) and waist/hip index (W/H) were calculated. Serum glucose, insulin and estradiol were determined, and the IR was measured by HOMA (homeostasis model assessment). Results: Almost all women screened (98.5%) presented high values for WC, while about 50% of them showed RI and high values of % BF. Mean values for anthropometric variables and indices evaluated were higher for women with insulin resistance, with significant differences (p <0.05) for BMI, the LUAC, the WC and the W/H. According to ROC curves, the cutoff points for BMI and WC were 25.43 kg/m² and 84 cm respectively, these values predict a 97.4% IR in the women studied. Conclusions: A high percentage of the postmenopausal women studied, showed a central distribution of body fat and insulin resistance. The anthropometric measures with the highest predictive power for IR were BMI and WC.

Sonographic evaluation of heel pad thickness in a Nigerian population.

Background: The heel pad is an important element of foot biomechanics and knowledge of structural inclinations in populations is important in the pathological assessment of the foot. Subjects and Methods: The thickness of the Heel pad (HPT) was evaluated in a student population in Nigeria using ultrasound and correlated with some anthropometric variables to assess which variable can easily be used to predict HPT. Results: Results showed a mean HPT of 9.06±1.26 and 9.00±1.73 (mm) for the right and left side respectively; height, Body Mass Index (BMI) and Body Surface Area (BSA) showed positive correlation with the HPT. As a result Simple regression equations were deduced for HPT using height, BMI and BSA as independent variables. Conclusion: The results are not comparable to previous studies and suggest ethnic/racial impact on heel pad fat distribution and thus, opined the validation of these equations for expanded use in our population.

Efecto de las parasitosis intestinales sobre los parámetros antropométricos en niños de un área rural de Río Chico Estado Miranda, Venezuela / Effect of intestinal parasites on anthropometric parameters in children from a rural area of Rio Chico Miranda State, Venezuela

Las infecciones parasitarias tienen una alta prevalencia en poblaciones de países en desarrollo y modifican la condición nutricional afectando mayormente los grupos con mayor déficit nutricional. De 166 niños, pertenecientes a familias de la comunidad Madre Nueva de Río Chico, Estado Miranda - Venezuela; 51 escolares (28 niñas, 54,9 por ciento y 23 niños, 45,1. por ciento) siendo el 30,7 por ciento del total de los niños, entregaron muestra de heces para realizar examen al fresco. Las variables peso (kg), talla parada (cm), circunferencia de brazo izquierdo (CBI) (cm), pliegues de tríceps y subescapular (mm), índice de masa corporal (IMC) (kg/m2), área magra (mm) y área grasa (mm) fueron seleccionadas para establecer la relación. El 75 por ciento del grupo total presentó normalidad en crecimiento dimensional. El examen de heces mostró que 74 por ciento estaban parasitados, con similar incidencia en niños y niñas, la carga parasitaria fue leve según criterios de la OMS. Los parásitos mayormente encontrados fueron: Ascaris lumbricoides, Tenia y Giardia intestinalis. La media de las variables resultó ser menor en el grupo de parasitados, sin diferenciarse significativamente, del grupo no parasitado. La diferencia de las variables entre los niños, rango de edad de 10 - 13 años y los niños, rango de edad ≤ 6 años, fue una tendencia a la disminución en la ganancia de todas las variables excepto talla, para el grupo de parasitados. La alta prevalencia y la baja carga parasitaria no afectaron el estado nutricional de los niños; por lo que a los indicadores relacionados al acceso a los alimentos y recursos económicos suficientes a los hogares, se les debería prestar mayor atención

Intestinal parasitic infections have a high prevalence in populations of developing countries and affect mainly those individuals who have greater nutritional deficit. From 166 children, belonging to families of the community of "Nueva Madre de Rio Chico, Edo. Miranda, Venezuela"; 51 (28 girls, 54.9 percent and 23 boys, 45.1 percent) 30, 7 percent from the total children, delivered stool and fresh examination was made. The following variables were selected: weight (kg), tall (cm), left arm circumference (LAC) (cm), triceps folds (mm) and subscapular folds (mm), body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2), lean area (mm) and fat area (mm), to establish a relationship between parasites and anthropometric variables. 75 percent of the total group presented normal dimensional growth. The stool examination showed that 74 percent were infected, with similar incidence between boys and girls; the parasite load was mild according to criteria of WHO. The parasites with bigger frequency were: Ascaris lumbricoides, Taenia and Giardia intestinalis. The media of the anthropometric variables were lower in subjects with parasites and did not differ significantly from the group without parasites. The difference observed between the anthropometric values found for children in the age range: 10 - 13 years, and children in the age range ≤ 6 years was a trend towards a decrease in gain for all variables except tall for the group of parasitized children. The high prevalence and low parasite load did not affect the nutritional status of children, therefore, the indicators related to access to food and adequate financial resources to households, should be paid more attention

Comparative study of anthropometric variables in female classical ballet dancers, volleyball players and physically active subjects / Estudo comparativo das variáveis antropométricas em bailarinas clássicas e jogadoras de voleibol

O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar medidas antropométricas(massa corporal, estatura e percentual de gordura) e a amplitude de movimento (ADM) de dorsiflexão e plantiflexão entre três diferentes grupos: bailarinas clássicas (n=14), jogadoras de voleibol (n=22) e mulheres fisicamente ativas (n=13). Assumiu-se que diferentes demandas funcionais deveriam produzir alterações nas medidas antropométricas e de ADM entre os três grupos. A massa corporal e a estatura foram maiores nas atletas de voleibol (66,42 ± 5,8 kg; 174,77 ± 5,6 cm), seguidasdas mulheres fisicamente ativas (59,93 ± 10,3 kg; 164 ± 7,5 cm) e das bailarinas clássicas (49,25 ± 4,5 kg; 157,03 ± 3,6 cm), respectivamente (p<0,05). O percentual de gordura foi maior nas mulheres ativas (30,67 ± 4,6%) quando comparadas aos outros dois grupos, que foram semelhantes entre si (jogadoras de voleibol = 24,93 ± 4,1%; bailarinas = 21,94 ± 4,3%, respectivamente). Os três grupos apresentaramsemelhante ADM entre os lados direito e esquerdo e para a amplitude de movimento ativa de dorsiflexão. Entretanto, para a plantiflexão a amplitude de movimento ativa foi maior nas bailarinas (~83°), seguidas das mulheres fisicamente ativas (~68°) e, por fim, pelas jogadoras de voleibol que apresentaram a menor amplitude de flexão plantar (~60°). As diferentes demandas impostas pelas três distintas atividades parecem ser responsáveis pelas mudanças em algumas variáveis antropométricas ena ADM da articulação do tornozelo.

The objective of this study was to compare anthropometric variables (bodyweight, height, and percent body fat) and plantarflexion and dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) between three different groups of women: classical ballet dancers (n=14), volleyball players (n=22) and physically active subjects (n=13). The assumption was that different functional requirements should produce differences in the anthropometric variablesand ROM between the three groups. Body weight and height were higher in volleyball players (66.42 ± 5.8 kg; 174.77 ± 5.6 cm), followed by physically active women (59.93 ± 10.3 kg; 164 ± 7.5 cm) and ballet dancers (49.25 ± 4.5 kg; 157.03 ± 3.6 cm) (p<0.05). Percent body fat was higher in physically active women (30.67 ± 4.6%) compared to theother two groups, which showed similar percentages (volleyball players: 24.93 ± 4.1%; ballet dancers: 21.94 ± 4.3%). The three groups were similar in terms of total ankle ROM and active dorsiflexion ROM between the right and left sides. However, plantarflexion ROM was higher in ballet dancers (~83°), followed by physically active women (~68°)and volleyball players who presented the smallest ROM (~60°). The different requirements imposed by the three distinct physical activities seem to be responsible for changes in some of the anthropometric variables and ankle joint ROM.

Exploração de fatores de risco para lesões no atletismo de alta performance / Finding of risk factors for injuries in high performance athletics

Os fatores de risco para instalação de lesões do esporte têm sido pesquisados no sentido de facilitar o entendimento sobre o assunto. Contudo, para altos níveis de performance, nos eventos de pista e campo do atletismo, são escassos os documentos que abordam o tema. Assim, a partir da possibilidade de reunir informações sobre a condição descrita, objetivou-se com o presente estudo a exploração de fatores de risco para lesões desportivas no atletismo, a partir de inquérito aplicado a atletas da elite mundial da modalidade. A população foi composta por 60 homens e 60 mulheres alocados em grupos conforme a especificidade de sua modalidade (velocidade, resistência, arremessos e saltos). Realizou-se entrevista utilizando-se de inquérito de morbidade referida, abordando questões sobre variáveis antropométricas e de treinamento, assim como lesões. Utilizou-se a técnica da análise de variância paramétrica para as variáveis antropométricas (idade, peso, estatura) e da técnica da análise de variância não paramétrica em relação às variáveis de treinamento (anos de treinamento e horas semanais). Para associação entre momento de lesão e especialidades, utilizou-se do teste de Goodman em nível de 5 por cento de significância. Os resultados mostraram que houve elevada freqüência de lesões na modalidade em ambos os sexos. As taxas de lesão por atleta entrevistado foram de 0,92 (velocidade), 1,08 (resistência), 1,22 (saltos) e 1,20 (arremessos). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante para as variáveis antropométricas e de treinamento em relação às provas, com exceção dos saltadores, que apresentaram diferenças para estatura e tempo de treinamento; nesse caso, os acometidos são mais altos ou praticam atletismo há menos tempo (P < 0,05). Concluiu-se que, para população estudada, o risco de lesão é acentuado, mas sem relação entre variáveis e presença de agravos, salvo para especialistas em provas de saltos, que apresentaram estatura e tempo de...

The risk factors for installation of sports injuries have been researched to facilitate the understanding about the issue. However, for high performance levels, in the track and field events of athletics, the documents that approach the theme are scarce. Thus, with the possibility to collect information about the described condition, this study aimed the exploration of risk factors for sport injuries in athletics, by inquiring world elite athletes of the modality. The population was composed by 60 men and 60 women allocated in groups according to the specific modality (speed, resistance, throws and jumps). The interviews were made using a morbidity referred inquiry, approaching subjects on anthropometrics and training variables, as well as injuries. The technique of the analysis of parametric variance was used for the anthropometrics variables (age, weight, stature) and of the technique of the no parametric variance analysis in relation to the training variables (years of training and weekly hours). The Goodman's test was used in level of 5 percent of significance for the association between injury moment and specialties. The results showed an elevated frequency of injuries in the modality for both genders. The injury taxes for interviewed athlete were 0,92 (speed), 1,08 (resistance), 1,22 (jumps) and 1,20 (throws). There was not significant statistical difference for the anthropometrics variables and of training in relation to the proofs, except to the jumpers, that presented differences for stature and time of training; in that case, injured are the taller or those that practice athletics for less time (P < 0.05). In conclusion, for studied population, the risk of injury is accentuated, but without relationship between variables and presence of injuries, except for specialists in jumps, that presented stature and time of training as risk factors to the injury.

Evaluación nutricional antropométrica en ancianos / Anthropometric nutritional evaluation in the elderly

Se realizó una investigación descriptiva, de corte transversal, en una muestra de la población de 60 a 79 años de edad, de uno y otro sexo, en el área de salud del Policlínico Docente "Van Troi", en el período comprendido entre septiembre de 2002 a junio de 2003. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar su estado nutricional utilizando variables antropométricas como el índice de masa corporal estimado, el índice cintura cadera y el porcentaje de grasa corporal, haciendo una distinción entre sexos y grupos de edades. Se realizó una entrevista personal y se utilizó la historia de salud familiar y la historia clínica individual. Los resultados arrojaron que la evaluación del estado nutricional por índice de masa corporal estimado, tuvo un predominio en hombres del peso aceptable o normal y del sobrepeso en mujeres; la estimación del porcentaje de grasa corporal evidenció el predominio de la obesidad en ambos sexos; y la distribución de la grasa en el sexo masculino es inferior y en el femenino es superior. A pesar de que se observan variaciones con la edad, solo se presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la evaluación del estado nutricional según el índice de masa corporal estimado en las féminas.

A descriptive cross-sectional research was carried out in a population sample aged 60-79 of both sexes in the health area of "Van Troi" Teaching Polyclinic from September 2002 to June 2003. The objective of the paper was to determine its nutritional status by using anthropometric variables, such as the estimated body mass index, the waist hip index and the percentage of body fat, making a distinction between sex and age groups. A personal interview was made and the family health history and the individual medical history were used. The results showed that the evaluation of the nutritional status by estimated body mass index had a predominance in men with acceptable or normal weight and in overweight women. The estimation of the percentage of body fat evidenced the prevalence of obesity in both sexes. The distribution of fat in males is lower than in females. Despite the variations observed with age, there were only statistically significant differences in the evaluation of the nutritional status according to the body mass index estimated in females.

The Relationship of the Anthropometric Variables to the Infusion Rate of Rocuronium in the Elderly

We have determined the infusion rates of rocuronium in the elderly and young adult patients during sevoflurane and nitrous oxide anesthesia. The correlation of some anthropometric predictors with infusion rate of rocuronium was also investigated for both elderly and young adult. Participating patients were assigned to one of two groups: 1) young adult patients aged 20 to 50 years (n = 30) ; 2) elderly patients aged over 65 years (n = 30). The anthropometric variables such as height, weight, ratio of weight to body surface area, subscapularis and suprailiac skin folds, body surface area, body mass index and % ideal body weight were evaluated as predictors for infusion rate. The infusion rate in elderly patients was significantly less compared with that in young adult patients (p < 0.05). In elderly patients, no anthropometric predictor was related to the infusion rate of rocuronium. This suggests that the infusion rate of rocuronium for an elderly patient needs to be individualized by monitoring neuromuscular transmission to avoid excessive dose.

Anthropometric Variables and Security against Fecal Contamination due to Caudal Catheter Indwelling in Children / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: There is an increasing interest in regional anesthesia for pediatric patients, in particular, the efficacy of the caudal approach is similar to that of lumbar epidural anesthesia, and reduces the risk of damage to the spinal cord and vessels. Although caudal catheterization may increase the likelihood of urofecal contamination, especially in children who are not toilet trained, no significant infection has been reported after caudal epidural catheter indwelling. The purpose of this study was to clarify the anatomic characteristics of the sacrococcygeal area in children by comparing the anthropometric variables of children and adults, and to reconsider the caudal epidural catheter safety with respect to fecal contamination. METHODS: Thirty-eight children aged 3-9 years and 47 adults aged 30-75 years, without bony deformities, were enrolled in this study. In left lateral position, Tuffier's line (A), sacral hiatus (B) and greater trochanter (C) were marked. The shortest distances from A to B, from A to C and from B to the anus (D) were measured and the ratios of BD to subject height, BD to AB and BD to AC were calculated. RESULTS: The shortest AB, AC and BD distances were significantly shorter in children and conversely the ratios of BD/height, BD/AB and BD/ AC were significantly larger. CONCLUSION: Considering anatomical characteristics of pediatric patients, if a child is toilet trained and the catheter insertion site is well sealed, there should be no difference between the incidence of infection in adults and children after caudal epidural catheter indwelling.