ABSTRACT
Background: Acute viral hepatitis (AVH) is a major health concern in developing countries like Bangladesh regarding morbidity as well as mortality. Usually, acute infections are caused by A, E, hepatitis viruses, and occasionally hepatitis B virus. Infection caused by the hepatitis C virus is usually asymptomatic. Prior knowledge of the demographic and clinical profile of acute viral hepatitis may be helpful for treatment professionals in the management of such patients. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to assess the demographic and clinical profile of acute viral hepatitis patients in Bangladesh.Material & Methods:This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Gastroenterology, US-Bangla Medical College & Hospital during the period from March 2018 to February 2019, in Bangladesh. A total of 59 suspected patients with acute viral hepatitis were included as the study subjects for this study. Ethical approval of the study had been taken from the ethical committee of the mentioned hospital. A predesigned questionnaire was used in data collection. Collected data analyzed by using MS Office and SPSS version 23.0 programs as per need. A P-value, of <0.05 was considered significant.Results:Among 59 participants, the male-female ratio was 3.2:1 and the mean (±SD) age was 23.88±14.83 years. Analyzing hepatitis infection, we found hepatitis E was the highest in number 32(54.24%), followed by hepatitis E virus 20(33.9%), and hepatitis B virus 5(8.47%). In this study, we did not find any patients with hepatitis C virus, and 2 participants didn’t have any hepatotropic virus. The mean (±SD) Serum bilirubin (mg/dl) was 6.35±1.63, and the mean (±SD) serum alkaline phosphatase (IU/L), serum. creatinine (mg/dl), serum albumin (gm/dl) and plasma glucose random (mg/dl) were found 366.81±257.20, 6.97±14.96, 19.75±22.98 and 10.08±5.49 respectively. Considering dual viruses among the total of 5 patients along with hepatitis E & A viruses in this study, we found all were hepatitis B viruses. Among them, 3 with hepatitis E and the rest 2 were with hepatitis A virus consequently. Among them 3(60%) with hepatitis A and the rest 2(40%) with hepatitis E. In the issue of patients attended with clinical complaints, vomiting was the highest among hepatitis A patients 19(86.4%) followed by jaundice 8(36.4%) and fever8(36.4%). On the other hand, among hepatitis E patients’ jaundice was highest at 19(61.3%) followed by vomiting at 17(54.8%), and fever at 6(19.4%) respectively.Conclusions:The incidence of HEV is found as the most predominant among all the acute viral hepatitis patients and vomiting and jaundice were the most common presenting complaints.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Acute viral hepatitis due to faeco- oral group of hepatitis viruses is endemic in India. Outbreaks of hepatitis E virus infection are more common than the hepatitis A virus. Aim: The present study aimed at determining the seroprevalence of IgM antibodies to hepatitis A and E virus in clinically diagnosed acute viral hepatitis cases. And to determine its usefulness against the disease prevention. Study Design: A cross sectional study was carried out on symptomatic patients referred from paediatric and gastro enterology department of Princess Esra hospital. Place and Duration of Study: Around one hundred and eight subjects were analyzed for anti IgM antibodies to hepatitis A and E virus and liver function test in the department of laboratory medicine for Microbiology and biochemistry at Princess Esra Hospital, Deccan College of Medical Sciences between January 2013 and January 2014. Methodology: Blood samples were collected under strict aseptic precautions and tested for anti-HAV and Anti-HEV IgM antibodies using capture elisa from diasorin. Biochemical analysis included estimation of serum aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin levels. Results: An overall seropositivity of 54% was observed in the present study. More number of the subjects as 46.29% tested positive for anti HAV IgM than for anti HEV IgM as 7.4%. Co-infections were not noticed. Acute viral hepatitis due to hepatitis A virus is more common in children in the age group 6-10 years followed by 11-15 years and lastly 0-5 years indicating the epidemiological shift. Infection with hepatitis E virus was common in adolescent and adults. Males were more susceptible to both the infections than females. Liver function test results correlated well with viral markers indicating damage to the liver parenchyma. The socioeconomic status of the individuals revealed that 95% of the subjects were below poverty line and didn’t have access to proper drinking water and sanitary facilities. None were vaccinated against Hepatitis A virus. Conclusion: The present data suggest that we need to have a dual pronged approach against prevention of acute viral hepatitis caused by A and E virus. Government authorities should prioritize on bringing a uniform improvement in the living standards of the society and make vaccine available to the high risk group at a subsidized rate.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: To establish effective preventive measures for hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection, a nationwide epidemiologic study on seroprevalence of anti-HAV and the disease prevalence is needed. The aim of this study was to analyze the recent sero-epidemiological changes of hepatitis A markers in Korea. METHODS: The results of 11,068 anti-HAV total and 32,360 anti-HAV IgM tests by electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) that had been requested in recent four years (2005-2008) to a reference medical laboratory from 1,699 institutions nationwide were retrospectively analyzed according to the distribution of year, sex, and age groups. RESULTS: The overall positive rate of anti-HAV total was 62.8%. The overall positive rate of anti-HAV IgM was 11.0%, showing a significantly increasing trend by year: 7.7%, 10.9%, 8.9%, and 14.3% in 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively (P or =21 yr. Conclusion: In accordance with a decreasing sero-positivity of anti-HAV total, the prevalence of acute hepatitis A virus infection has been considerably increased during the recent four years in the age groups of > or =21 yr. The results of this study could be used effectively as a basic data for establishing effective preventive measures for hepatitis A including vaccination in these susceptible age groups.