Experiencia de una década en niños sometidos a esplenectomía en el Hospital Nacional de Niños / Experience on children's splenectomy: a ten year single center retrospective study

Resumen Objetivo: describir las características clínicas y la evolución de los pacientes sometidos a esplenectomía en el Hospital Nacional de Niños, de enero de 1996 a diciembre del 2006. Métodos: este es un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo que analiza un periodo de 10 años, de pacientes sometidos a esplenectomías en el Hospital Nacional se Niños. Se realizó una revisión de 107 expedientes con el diagnóstico en cuestión. De estos expedientes se obtuvieron: datos clínicos, epidemiológicos, indicaciones para el procedimiento y su respectiva evolución, complicaciones y mortalidad asociada. Se analiza además el seguimiento de las recomendaciones con respecto a profilaxis antibiótica y vacunación. Resultados: se analizó una muestra total de 107 casos. Entre los resultados se encontró que la edad promedio de intervención fue de 6,4 años. Los diagnósticos más comunes fueron hemoglobinopatías (59,8 %), púrpura trombocitopénica idiopática (16,8 %) y osteopetrosis maligna (8,4 %). Entre las indicaciones para esplenectomías predominaron el tratamiento de enfermedad de base (39,9%), hiperesplenismo (26,2 %) y ausencia de respuesta al tratamiento médico (22,4 %). El procedimiento quirúrgico más común fue la laparotomía en el 87,9 % de los casos. La complicación quirúrgica inmediata más frecuente fue la hemorragia persistente (3,7 %), mientras que la complicación quirúrgica tardía más común fue la sepsis (16,8 %). La respuesta terapéutica en la mayoría de los pacientes fue completa (66,7 %). Hubo 5 pacientes fallecidos, de los cuales en dos se relacionó su mortalidad con sepsis. La edad promedio al momento de fallecimiento fue de 6,7 años. Conclusiones: la esplenectomía es una alternativa para el tratamiento de las enfermedades médicas, tras la cual se evidenció una respuesta satisfactoria en la mayoría de los casos del estudio.

Abstract Aim: to describe clinical characteristics and evolution of patients who underwent splenectomy in Costa Rica's National Children's Hospital during January 1996 through December 2006. Methods: This is a chart review study in a 10 year period including children who underwent splenectomy. A hundred and seven charts of children with ages between 0 and 18 years old were reviewed to obtain their clinical presentation, characteristics, indications for splenectomy, follow up, complications and mortality. Also the antibiotic prophylaxis and immunization schedule was analyzed based on international recommendations. Results: A total of 107 patients were included. Results showed that the mean age at which splenectomy was performed was 6.4 years. Most of the patients had their splenectomy due to hemoglobinophaties (59.8%), followed by immune thrombocytopenic purpura (16.8%) and malignant osteopetrosis (8.4%). The most common indications for splenectomy were treatment of the disease (39.9%), hyperesplenism (26.2%) and lack of responde to medical treatment (22.4%). Laparotomy was the most performed surgery (87.9%). Mainly sepsis and hemorrhage were found as complications due to procedure. Overall, complete response to surgical treatment was observed (66.7%). Five patients died during follow up. Conclusions: Splenectomy is an alternative for treating medical disease with predominantly good outcomes observed in our study.

Profilaxia antibiótica na prevenção da infeção associada aos terceiros molares / Antibiotic prophylaxis on prevention of third molars infection

Existe controvérsia acerca da eficácia da profilaxia antibiótica na prevenção de complicações após a remoção dos terceiros molares. Esta revisão bibliográfica baseada em meta-análises, 5 ensaios clínicos, ensaios clínicos randomizados e artigos de revisão tem por objetivo comparar a profilaxia versus o efeito placebo. Sendo a infeção o principal variável resposta "outcome". Efetuou-se uma pesquisa eletrônica na base de dados da PubMed, utilizando as palavras-chave "Third Molar" e " Antibiotic prophylaxis". Foram incluídos trabalhos de meta-análise, ensaios clínicos, ensaios clínicos randomizados, revisões sistemáticas e artigos de revisão. Foram pré-selecionados 35 artigos, dos quais 14 foram descartados por não atenderem aos critérios de inclusão. A amostra final foi composta por uma meta-análise, quatro ensaios clínicos, 11 ensaios clínicos randomizados e cinco artigos de revisão. Observou-se evidência científica limitada acerca das vantagens e desvantagens da profilaxia antibiótica associada à remoção dos terceiros molares. Novos estudos são necessários a fim de se obter um consenso sobre a efetividade da profilaxia antibiótica.

There is controversy regarding the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing complications after the third molar removal. Based on meta-analysis, randomized and clinical trials and reviews the main goal of this review is to report the use of antibiotic prophylaxis when compared to the use of placebo, being "infection" as an outcome. Research on PubMed database was performed with the following key-words: "Third Molar" and "Antibiotic prophylaxis". Meta-analysis, clinical trials, randomized clinical trials and review articles were selected.Initially 35 articles were selected. After consider inclusion criteria, 14 articles were eliminated. Our final sample was composed of 21 articles (1 metaanalyses, 4 clinical trials, 11 randomized clinical trials and 5 reviews). There is limited evidence about the advantages and disadvantages using antibiotics in preventing complications after the third molar removal. Well designed and well reported randomized trials are needed in order to reach a final consensus on the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis.