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Objetivos: El aborto es un derecho en salud sexual y reproductiva de la mujer en Colombia, sin embargo no toda la sociedad colombiana reconoce este derecho. Este trabajo busca comprender la transformación de los significados después de haber afrontado una interrupción voluntaria del embarazo tardía, en mujeres residentes en Colombia, y su interacción con familiares, amigos y sistema de salud. Materiales y métodos: Investigación hermenéutica desde un paradigma constructivista, el análisis se hizo desde una perspectiva feminista con técnicas de la teoría fundamentada: codificación, categorización y comparación constante. Se realizaron 19 entrevistas semiestructuradas a 18 mujeres residentes en Colombia que se sometieron a interrupción voluntaria del embarazo tardía definida por ser una gestación mayor a 20 semanas, acompañada de feticidio e inducción de parto, en dos ciudades colombianas, entre 2016 y 2020. Además, se realizaron dos grupos focales, uno con algunas de las entrevistadas, y otro con feministas expertas para triangular la información emergente del proceso investigativo y profundizar los hallazgos. Resultados: Las mujeres tenían un significado negativo y contrario sobre la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo, pero cuando se encuentran inmersas en una situación que las obliga a terminar con la gestación, contravienen los significados propios y los de su sociedad y buscan justificaciones que les ayuden a mantener la decisión. Esta confrontación las hace reflexionar profunda e íntimamente y las lleva a transformar sus vidas. Conclusiones: Los significados sobre el aborto, en las mujeres que se realizan interrupción voluntaria del embarazo tardía, generalmente son contrarios a este derecho en salud sexual y reproductiva. Posterior al evento estos significados se transforman por medio de la reflexión consciente de las mujeres al tener que enfrentar sus propios significados y los de la sociedad.
Objectives: As part of sexual and reproductive health, abortion is a woman's right in Colombia. However, not all the members of Colombian society recognize this right. The aim of this work is to understand the transformation of meanings after having to cope with voluntary termination of late pregnancy in women living in Colombia, as well as their interaction with family and friends and the health system. Material and methods: Hermeneutic research undertaken within a constructivist paradigm and analyzed from a feminist perspective using grounded theory techniques: coding, categorization and constant comparison. Nineteen semi-structured interviews were conducted among 18 women living in Colombia who underwent voluntary termination of late pregnancy defined as more than 20 weeks of gestation, accompanied by feticide and labor induction, in two Colombian cities between 2016 and 2020. Besides, two focus groups were conducted, one with some of the interviewees and another with feminist experts in order to cross-reference the information derived from the research process and delve deeper into the findings. Results: Women attached a negative and opposite meaning to voluntary termination of pregnancy, but once they found themselves in a situation that forced them to put an end to gestation, they transgressed their own meanings and those of society to find justifications to help them uphold their decision. This confrontation brought them to a place of profound and intimate reflection and led them to transform their lives. Conclusions: Meanings regarding abortion in women who undergo late pregnancy termination are usually contrary to this right in sexual and reproductive health. After the event, these meanings become transformed through a process of conscious reflection as women come face-to-face with their own meanings and those of society.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , ColombiaABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To put forward some suggestions on drug marketing authorization system design for the revision of Drug Administration Law. METHODS: Compared the difference for drug marketing authorization system design of China, the US and EU, analyzed the advantage of the marketing authorization system of the US and EU; RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Presented 4 key elements for drug marketing authorization system, put forward that to allow applicant and applicant holder change, remove the binding between marketing authorization and manufacturer, strengthen responsibilities and obligations for applicant and applicant holder's safety and efficiency assurance during the entire life cycle of the drug, and for manufacturers and distributors' quality assurance and implementing supply chain traceability.
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Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar as percepções de candidatos a vagas de emprego sobre o processo de seleção de pessoal. A pesquisa teve caráter descritivo exploratório de cunho qualitativo e foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas, com o intuito de obter maior abertura e profundidade para questões que pudessem surgir. Participaram sete pessoas que haviam passado por algum processo seletivo para cargos de nível não operacional, com idade acima de 22 anos, e que estavam cursando ensino superior ou já o tivessem concluído, outro critério de inclusão relevante para a pesquisa foi que no momento da coleta de dados os participantes deveriam estar desempregados. O processo seletivo foi considerado uma maneira de se adquirir experiência e de saber se portar em outras seleções.Ainda, foi tido como uma maneira do participante se conhecer melhor, sendo considerado como uma fonte de aprendizado tanto profissional quanto pessoal, tendo consequências positivas e negativas na vida do indivíduo. No entanto, o retorno sobre o resultado da aprovação ou não do candidato foi tido como uma informação necessária e indispensável a ser repassada aos participantes pela empresa.
The objective of this study was to identify the perceptions of candidates for job vacancies over the personnel selection process. The research was qualitative exploratory descriptive character and semi-structured interviews were carried out, in order to obtain greater openness and depth to questions that could arise. Participated seven people who had undergone a selection process for positions of non-operational level, over the age of 22, and who were attending higher education or had already completed it, another relevant inclusion criterion for the research was that at the time of collection participants should be unemployed. The selective process was considered as a way to gain experience and to know how to behave in other selections. Yet, it was considered as a way for the participant to know each other better, being considered as a source of learning both professional and personal, having positive and negative consequences in the individual's life. However, the return on the result of the approval or not of the candidate was considered as necessary and indispensable information to be passed on to the participants by the company.
Subject(s)
Employment , Personnel Selection , Interview , Organization and AdministrationABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the ethical management status quo of Capital Medical Research Fund in 2007.Methods Cross-sectional study was applied to analyze the ethics management and ethics self-evaluation in applications.Results There were 652 applications,covering with 14 districts and 2 counties in Beijing,from 128 Hospitals.Applicants have some knowledge of the ethical issues in clinical research accounted for 88.7％ ; informed consent of subjects considered in 72.5％ ;the potential risk and protection involved in application accounted for 62.0％; personal privacy protection of subject accounted for 49.4％.Unfortunately,the benefit vs risk assessment was only involved in 28.7％ applications.Applicants from general hospitals had more ethical issue knowledge (90.2％) than those from community hospitals (84.6％).Applicants from university hospitals had more ethical issue knowledge (93.9％) than those from military hospitals (80.2％).Applicants aged 55 0r over had less ethical issue knowledge (70.0％) than other applicants (89.2％).The applicants to study on descriptive research and etiological research had less ethical issue knowledge than others.578 applications filled out the approval from ethics committee or research management department.62.6％ of the written were acceptable.Conclusion The applicants for clinical research had preliminary understanding for ethical issues in Beijing in 2007.Hospital ethics committees or research management departments had conducted clinical research ethical review applications for funds management.It has taken place the external conditions to carry out the ethical management in clinical research fund management.
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Iniciado en 1955 el General de Zona (GZ) es una de la políticas de salud pública más longevas en nuestro país, la que mediante una serie de incentivos permite llevar profesionales de la salud a zonas principalmente rurales, entre ellos dentistas (DGZ). El objetivo de este trabajo es describir las características del ingreso al DGZ en los últimos años. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo en base a los datos de los concursos de ingreso al DGZ de los años 2003 y 2005 al 2009 incluyendo las variables: número de postulantes, puntajes promedio de ingreso, Offset y plazas ofrecidas por concurso; y sexo, universidad de egreso, ingreso al DGZ y antecedentes presentados por postulante. Los resultados muestran una participación al alza de 139,8 +/-29,3 postulantes por concurso, 60 por ciento de mujeres, las universidades con mayor participación (43,3 por ciento) y adjudicación de cargos (47,3 por ciento) combinadas son la Universidad de Concepción y Universidad de La Frontera, un Offset de 146,5 +/-20 por ciento, un puntaje promedio de ingreso al alza de 83,75+/-1,22 y 40,5 +/-5,4 plazas ofrecidas por concurso. No existen tendencias fuertes de cambio en las variables estudiadas, sólo un leve aumento de los postulantes y de los puntajes promedio de ingreso de cada año, lo que estaría relacionado con el aumento de dentistas en el país y donde el DGZ aparece como una buena opción de trabajo, por lo que dicha tendencia debería acentuarse en el futuro. Dada la nula investigación del DGZ y sus posibles proyecciones en la salud odontológica de nuestra población para el siglo XXI se hace necesario seguir investigando.
Initiated in 1955 the General de Zona (GZ) is one of the oldest existing public health policies in our country, affording a series of incentives to bring health professionals to rural areas mainly, including dentists (DGZ). The aim of this study is to describe the characteristics of the DGZ entry process in recent years. We performed a retrospective study based on DGZ entry process data for the years 2003 and 2005 to 2009 including the variables: number of applicants, average scores for admission, Offset and vacancies offered by process; and sex, university, DGZ acceptance and information submitted by applicant. The results show a rising participation of 139.8 +/-29.3 candidates per process, 60 percent women, the universities with the largest participation (43.3 percent) and the award of vacancies (47.3 percent) combined Universidad de Concepción and Universidad de La Frontera, an offset of 146.5 +/- 20 percent, an upward average score of 83.75 +/-1.22 and 40.5 +/- 5.4 vacancies offered by process. There are no strong trends of changes in the variables studied, only a slight increase in average scores of entry and number of applicants, which would be related to the increase of dentists in the country and where the DGZ appears as a good choice of work. Thus, this trend should be accentuated in the future. Given the lack of previous DGZ research and its possible projections in the dental health of our population for the XXI century it is necessary to investigate further.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Dentists/statistics & numerical data , Dentists/supply & distribution , Rural Health Services , Chile , General Practice, Dental , Personnel Selection , Retrospective Studies , Rural Health , Rural Population , Sex DistributionABSTRACT
Group characteristics(sociodemographic characteristics, attitudes and personal values) of the successful applicants of 1997 at Ulsan College of Medicine were compared with those of the unsuccessful ones. The principal data were the responses of pre-entrance examination questionnaire survey were administered to all applicants. The results were presented the headings of 1) sociodemographic characteristics, 2) financial status, 3) goals of college life, 4) reasons to choose university of Ulsan College of Medicine, 5) personal values. The results of the present study may serve as the basic data to make comprehensive and systematic plans for the adjustment of medical students in the future.