The effect of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in the treatment of autogenous arteriovenous fistula stenosis and influencing factors of restenosis/loss of function after PTA / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To analyze the effect of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in the treatment of autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) stenosis and influcing factors of restenosis/loss of function after PTA.Methods:The medical records of 104 patients with AVF stenosis treated by PTA in People′s Hospital of Huadu District from March 2019 to July 2020 and the 1-year follow-up were retrospectively analyzed. Kaplan-meier curves were used to analyze the primary patency rates at 3 months, 6 months and 1 year. COX regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of restenosis/loss of function after PTA.Results:The primary patency rates of AVF at 3, 6 and 12 months after PTA were 86.2%, 83.2% and 64.7%, respectively. Guide wire entry into the distal end of radial artery, the use of two balloons in stepwise mode, postoperative dilatation diameter, and dialysis blood flow after PTA were independent risk factors for restenosis/loss of fuction after PTA for AVF stenosis (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The guide wire into the distal end of the artery and passive use of more than two balloons are important factors affecting AVF restenosis/loss of function after PTA .

Fístulas arteriovenosas congénitas en Ecuador / Congenital arteriovenous fistulae in Ecuador

Introducción: El Síndrome de Klippel Trenaunay es uno de los síndromes congénitos neuro-cutáneos con afecciones vasculares, es de presentación poco frecuente y caracterizado por angioma o nevus flammeus, hipertrofia asimétrica de tejidos blandos y várices, aunque se pudieran observar otras alteraciones asociadas. Objetivo: Identificar la frecuencia y las características de las fístulas arteriovenosas en Ecuador. Métodos: De un total de 3 000 enfermos atendidos por distintas causas vasculares, se detectaron y estudiaron 23 pacientes diagnosticados con fístulas arteriovenosas congénitas por examen clínico y estudios complementarios (escaniometría de miembros, gasometría venosa comparativa de miembros, presión de oxígeno y angiotomografía axial computarizada dinámica). Se analizaron las siguientes variables: edad, sexo, localización de las fístulas y tratamiento. Resultados: Se encontró una elevada frecuencia de fístulas (34,7 por ciento) en menores de un año, seguidos de grupo de edades entre 6 a 10 años (26 por ciento). Se constató que la localización más frecuente (86,6 por ciento) correspondió a los miembros inferiores y el tratamiento médico fue el más utilizado. Conclusiones: En Ecuador existe una alta frecuencia de fístulas arteriovenosas congénitas, sobre todo en las edades tempranas de la vida. En el diagnóstico de esta enfermedad se destaca la importancia de la clínica y de la gasometría venosa comparativa(AU)

Introduction: Klippel Trenaunay syndrome is an infrequent congenital neurocutaneos syndrome causing vascular conditions, and characterized by angioma or nevus flammeus, asymmetric hypertrophy of soft tissue and varicose veins, although other associated alterations might be observed. Objective: To identify the frequency and characteristics of arteriovenous fistulae in Ecuador. Methods: Out of 3 000 patients, who were seen because of various vascular causes, 23 patients were detected and studied. They had been diagnosed with congenital arteriovenous fistulas based on clinical examination and complementary studies (of limb scanning, comparative venous blood gasometry to determine oxygen pressure and dynamic axial angiotomography. The following variables were analyzed: age, sex, location of fistulas and treatment. Results: High frequency of fistulas (34.7 percent) was found in children aged less than one year, followed by 6- 10 years age group (26 percent). The most frequent location (86.6 percent) was in lower limbs and medical treatment was the most widely used. Conclusions: In Ecuador, there is high frequency of congenital arteriovenous fistulae, above all at early ages of life. Clinic study and comparative venous blood gasometry are important for the diagnosis of this disease(AU)

Traumatic arteriovenous fistula of the superficial temporal artery / Fístula arteriovenosa traumática de artéria temporal superficial

Arteriovenous fistulae of the superficial temporal artery are rare, and their principal cause is traumas. Complications include pulsatile mass, headache, hemorrhage and deformities that compromise esthetics. Treatment can be performed using conventional surgery or endovascular methods. The authors describe a case of a 44-year-old male patient who developed a large pulsating mass, extending from the preauricular region to the right parietotemporal and frontal regions after a motorcycle accident. The treatment chosen was complete surgical removal of the pulsatile mass and ligature of the vessels feeding the fistula.

As fístulas arteriovenosas de artéria temporal superficial são raras, sendo o trauma sua etiologia principal. Suas complicações incluem massa pulsátil, cefaleia, hemorragia e deformidade estética. O tratamento pode ser realizado por cirurgia convencional ou endovascular. Os autores relatam o caso de um paciente de 44 anos que evoluiu com massa pulsátil extensa desde região pré-auricular até região parietotemporal e frontal direita após acidente motociclístico. Optou-se por remoção cirúrgica completa da massa pulsátil e ligadura dos vasos nutridores da fístula.

Effect of sulodexide combined with dipyridamole on postoperative period of internal arteriovenous fistulae in patients with chronic renal failure complicating diabetes / 重庆医学

Objective To observe the effect of sulodexide combined with dipyridamole on postoperative period of internal arterio‐venous fistula in the patients with chronic renal failure complicating diabetes .Methods 72 cases of chronic renal failure complica‐ting diabetes were randomly divided into two groups :sulodexide combined with dipyridamole group(group A) and dipyridamole group (group B) .Platelet ,fibrinogen(FIB) ,prothrombin time ,activated partial thromboplastin time ,triglyceride ,total cholesterol and hemortheological indexes were tested at different time points .The internal fistula patency ,blood flow volume after internal fis‐tula maturation and time of initial internal fistula use after internal arteriovenous fistula operationwere observed .‐Results (1)The patency rate of internal arteriovenous fistula in the group A was higher than that in the group B .(2) Compared with the group B , FIB and low‐shear rate of whole blood viscosity in the group A were decreased .(3)The time of internal fistula maturation in the group A was shortened ,but the blood flow volume had no significant difference between the two groups .Conclusion Sulodexide combined with dipyridamole is safe and effective for preventing the thrombogenesis after internal arteriovenous fistula operation ,its effect is superior to single dipyridamole .

Endovascular repair of traumatic external iliac vessel pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistulae / Tratamento endovascular de pseudoaneurisma traumatico e fistulas arteriovenosas em vasos iliacos externos

A 17-year-old male patient presenting with an abdominal gunshot wound and severe hypovolemic shock was initially operated and presented several injuries to the small bowel and cecum associated with severe hemorrhage. The patient had to be operated twice due to hypothermia, acidosis, and coagulopathy. In the late postoperative period, murmur and fremitus were observed. Angiography revealed a pseudoaneurysm associated with arteriovenous fistulae at the left external iliac vessels. Lesions were repaired with a stent graft placed in the external iliac artery, with a satisfactory outcome. Control computed tomography performed 6 months later evidenced artery integrity with closure of the fistulae. Endovascular therapy should be the preferred method in this type of vascular trauma complications.

Um paciente do sexo masculino com 17 anos de idade apresentando-se com ferimento abdominal por arma de fogo e choque hipovolêmico grave foi inicialmente operado e apresentava várias lesões no intestino delgado e ceco associadas a hemorragia grave. O paciente teve que ser operado duas vezes devido a hipotermia, acidose e coagulopatia. No período pós-operatório tardio, foram observados sopro e frêmito. Angiografia revelou um pseudoaneurisma associado a fístulas arteriovenosas nos vasos ilíacos externos ao lado esquerdo. As lesões foram tratadas mediante a colocação de stent na artéria ilíaca externa, com desfecho satisfatório. Tomografia computadorizada de controle realizada após 6 meses evidenciou integridade da artéria, com o fechamento das fístulas. O tratamento endovascular deve ser o método de escolha nesse tipo de complicação vascular traumática.

Anterior Cranial Fossa Dural Arteriovenous Fistulae Presenting as Subdural Hematoma

Anterior cranial fossa dural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVFs) are very rare and the bleeding rate is very high, especially in the presence of leptomeningeal draining vein and aneurysmal varix formation. A 85-year-old male patient presented with subdural hematoma (SDH). Magnetic resonance image (MRI) and transfemoral carotid angiography (TFCA) disclosed DAVF at the anterior cranial fossa with bilateral arterial feeders and leptomeningeal draining vein with varix formation. The lesion was treated by simple ligation of pial connecting vein using low frontal craniotomy. In comparison with DAVFs of the other sites, the anterior cranial fossa DAVF is difficult to manage by endovascular treatment due to not only the difficulty of transvenous access but the risk of visual impairment when using transarterial route. Surgical ligation of pial connecting vein is feasible and effective treatment.

Perfil dos pacientes encaminhados à terapia renal substitutiva de umambulatório de nefrologia pertencente a um hospital terciário / Profile of patients with end-stage renal disease before starting renalreplacement therapy, derived from a tertiary nephrology center

ambulatório de nefrologia de um hospital terciário. Materiais e métodos: Foram analisados retrospectivamente dados epidemiológicos, clínicos elaboratoriais de 246 pacientes com DRC encaminhados para TRS entre janeiro de 2004 e janeiro de 2006. Resultados: 50,6% eram homens, com54,5±15,5 anos de idade e tempo médio de acompanhamento de 24,8+34,5 meses. As principais causas de DRC foram: diabetes (DM-32,9%), hipertensãoarterial (HAS-25,2%) e glomerulonefrite crônica (GNC-13%). Apenas 20,6% apresentavam fistula artério-venosa (FAV) funcionante. Apenas três pacientes(1,2%) foram encaminhados a programa de diálise peritoneal (DP). Os homens tiveram chance 2,3 vezes maior de ter FAV confeccionada em relação àsmulheres (p=0,012 IC 1,2-4,4). Nos pacientes com mais de 12 meses de acompanhamento, havia chance 4,6 vezes maior para a presença de FAV(p=<0,0001 e IC 2,1-10,0). A doença com maior prevalência de FAV confeccionada foi doença renal policística (31,8%) e a com menor, DM (13,4%). Ospacientes diabéticos apresentaram risco 2,3 vezes maior de ter tempo de seguimento ambulatorial inferior a 12 meses (p=0,0027 e IC 1,3-3,9) e risco de2,3 vezes maior de não ter FAV confeccionada (p=0,029 e IC 1,1-4,9). Conclusão: Os dados analisados assemelham-se à estatística norte-americana emrelação ao DM como causa principal de DRC. O baixo encaminhamento para DP sugere dificuldade do sistema para absorver pacientes nesta modalidadee/ou tendência preferencial de encaminhamento para hemodiálise. Dificuldades locais concernentes à confecção de FAV refletem-se na baixa prevalênciade acessos funcionantes por ocasião do encaminhamento (20,6%), principalmente quando o tempo de seguimento é inferior a 12 meses, o sexo é ofeminino e a doença de base é DM.

Objectives: to analyze the profile of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients before starting renal replacement therapy (RRT), from a tertiary nephrologycenter. Materials and Methods: we analyzed retrospectively, epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory data from 246 CKD patients assigned to RRT, fromJanuary 2004 to January 2006. Results: In this study, 50.6% were male. The main etiologies of CKD were: diabetes (DM-32.9%), hypertension (HTN-25.2%), and chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN-13%). The median age and follow-up time were 54.5+15.5 years and 24.8+34.5 months, respectively. Only20.6% patients had a patent arteriovenous fistula (AVF). Only 3 patients were assigned to a peritoneal dialysis program (PDP). After analysis, men had 2.3times greater chance of AVF through vascular access, than women (p=0.012, CI 1.2-4.4). However, for those with more than 12 months of follow-up, ahigher probability (4.6 times) of AVF was detected (p<0.0001, CI 2.1-10.0). PKD patients had the best scores for AVF placements (31.8%) and patients withdiabetes revealed the worst scores (13.4%). CGN presented the longest ambulatory follow-up time before starting RRT, whereas obstructive nephropathypresented the smallest. There was no difference between gender distribution and creatinine clearance in patients with and without diabetes. However,diabetic patients were 2.3 times more prone to have a follow-up time less than 12 months (p=0.0027, CI 1.3-3.9) and 2.3 times less prone to have anaccessible AVF (p=0.029, CI 1.1-4.9). Conclusions: The analyzed data in this tertiary hospital are in tandem with the North-American statistics, which referto diabetes as the main cause of CKD. The low number of patients assigned to a PDP suggests that the structure and organization of peritoneal dialysisfacilities cannot meet the demand and also suggests a preference towards hemodialysis as the mode of choice for RRT...

Role of ACE Gene Polymorphism on the Failure of Arteriovenous Fistulae for Maintenance Hemodialysis / 대한신장학회잡지

BACKGROUND: Neointimal hyperplasia and thrombosis are the major factors responsible for vascular access occlusion. Previous studies suggested that the renin-angiotensin system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neointimal hyperplasia and thrombosis. Recent studies have shown that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism may have a association with venous thrombosis. We conducted a retrospective case control study to determine the influence of ACE gene polymorphism on the progression of radiocephalic wrist arteriovenous fistulae (RCAVF). Also, we investigated the association between ACE polymorphism and various thrombotic factors in thrombosed and nonthrombosed subjects. METHODS: 56 patients (24 males and 32 females, mean age 49.8, age range 12-81) whose RCAVF had been maintained in good condition after 2 months of vascular access operation were included in this study. Lipoprotein (a), total cholesterol, C-reactive protein (CRP) and homocystein were measured before hemodialysis session in fasting state. Clinical data such as body mass index (BMI), cigarette smoking, hypertension, and diabetes were retrieved from patient's records. The ACE genotype was analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: The incidence of diabetes and cigarette smoking were similar in the three genotypes. There were no significant differences in BMI, total cholesterol, lipoprotein (a), CRP and homocystein (p=0.551, 0.429, 0.279, 0.392, 0.124, respectively) among DD, ID and II genotypes. The percentage of the DD, ID and II genotypes were 16%, 43%, 41%, respectively. Compared with the ID and II genotypes, the proportion of the thrombosed AV shunts was larger in DD genotypes. But there was no statistically significant difference between ACE polymorphism and RCAVF thrombosis (x2=1.027, df=2, p=0.598). ACE polymorphism is shown to have no association with body mass index, blood level of total cholesterol, lipoprotein (a), CRP and homocystein. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that ACE polymorphism may have some influences on the vascular access occlusion in maintenance hemodialysis patients and have no relationship with body mass index, total cholesterol, lipoprotein (a), CRP and homocystein.

Diffuse Neonatal Hemangiomatosis with Association of Massive Osteolysis and Arteriovenous Fistulae: An autopsy case

Diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis is an uncommon disease that is characteristed by a diffuse nature of the lesions, and distinguished form a single or few, or superficial or deep, capillary, cavernous, or mixed hemangiomas occuring in early or adult life. We report an autopsy case of multiple hemangiomatosis, which is associated with massive osteolysis of right humerus and arteriovenous fistulae in surrounding soft tissues. The patient is a 23 day old female infant and had a 2.0x1.5 cm sized cystic destructive bony lesion which was located in the proximal shaft of right humerus. Right arm was hypertrophied, compared to the normal looking left. There were multiple hemangiomas in right humerus, lung, cutaneous skeletal muscles and nerves. This case shares clinical characteristics of Gorham's disease.