Status and associated factors of mild cognitive impairment among the elderly in Shanghai community / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo explore the status of mild cognitive impairment （MCI） among the elderly in Shanghai communities， and to identify the factors associated with MCI. MethodsThe Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic （MoCA-B） was used to screen for MCI in elderly adults. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors associated with MCI. ResultsAmong 629 participants， 226 （35.90%） were positive for MCI. Older age （OR=1.04， 95%CI： 1.01-1.07）， lower family income （average OR=2.20， 95%CI： 1.01-4.80； poor OR=2.59， 95%CI： 1.03-6.50）， hearing impairment affecting daily life （OR=1.86， 95%CI： 1.19-2.91）， and anxiety symptoms （OR=1.58， 95%CI： 1.02-2.44） were associated with the positive for MCI. Living in central urban area （OR=0.57， 95%CI： 0.37-0.89） and having higher social support （OR=0.97， 95%CI： 0.94-1.00） were protective factors for MCI. ConclusionThe current status of MCI among the elderly in Shanghai communities is not optimistic. It is important and necessary to establish the cognitive-friendly community for the elderly.

Improvement effect and mechanism of total flavonoids from Alpinia zerumbet on gastric mucosa injury induced by absolute ethanol / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To explore the improvement effect and potential mechanism of total flavonoids from Alpinia zerumbet on gastric mucosa injury induced by absolute ethanol through microRNA-146a-5p （miR-146a-5p）. METHODS Using human gastric mucosa GES-1 cells as objects， the acute gastric ulcer model was established by absolute ethanol； based on the investigation of the effects of different concentrations of total flavonoids from A. zerumbet on cell activity and the selection of action concentration， the relative expression level of miR-146a-5p in GES-1 cells was detected， the protein expressions of tumor necrosis factor （TNF） receptor-associated factor 6（TRAF6）， nuclear factor-κB p65 （NF-κB p65） and TNF-α were detected， and the levels of interleukin- 1β （IL-1β）， IL-6 and prostaglandin E2 （PGE2） in cell supernatant were determined. The targeting relationship between miR-146a- 5p and TRAF6 was verified； the effects of overexpressed miR-146a-5p and TRAF6 knockdown on the levels of IL-1β， IL-6 and PEG2 in supernatant of model cells as well as the effects of miR-146a-5p knockdown on anti-gastric ulcer effect of total flavonoids from A. zerumbet were observed. RESULTS Compared with the blank group， the relative expression of miR-146a-5p in cells and the level of PGE2 in cell supernatant were decreased significantly in the model group （P＜0.01）， while the protein expressions of TRAF6， NF-κB p65 and TNF-α in cells and the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in cell supernatant were increased significantly （P＜ 0.01）. Compared with the model group， the relative expression of miR-146a-5p in cells and the level of PGE2 in cell supernatant were increased significantly in model+A. zerumbet total flavonoids （60 mg/L） group （P＜0.01）， while the protein expressions of TRAF6， NF-κB p65 and TNF-α in cells and 82260767） the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in cell supernatant were decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. There was a targeted relationship and a negative correlation between miR-146a-5p E-mail：3113836821@qq.com and TRAF6. After overexpression of miR-146a-5p or TRAF6 knockdown， the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were decreased significantly in cell supernatant， while the level of PGE2 was increased significantly （P＜0.05）. After miR-146a-5p knockdown， the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in cell supernatant and the protein expression of TRAF6 in cells administered with total flavonoids of A. zerumbet were increased significantly， while the level of PGE2 was decreased significantly （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Total flavonoids of A. zerumbet can improve the gastric mucosa injury induced by absolute ethanol. The mechanism may be related to up-regulating the expression of miR-146a-5p， inhibiting the expression of TRAF6， and further inhibiting the secretion of related inflammatory factors.

Advances in research of multimorbidity among HIV-positive individuals / 上海预防医学

Multimorbidity is the co‑existing of two or more chronic diseases or health problems. Widespread access to antiretroviral therapy has led to a marked improvement in the immune status and life expectancy among HIV-positive individuals. HIV-positive individuals suffer from higher burden of chronic non-communicable diseases and are more likely to show a premature aging and frailty trend compared with the general population. The consequent increase in the prevalence of multimorbidity leads to the increasing in medical and economic burden， and different comorbidity patterns may indicate different risk factors and have different effects on health outcomes， posing challenges to healthcare and comprehensive management for HIV-positive individuals. This review summarizes research advances in prevalence， associated factors and patterns of comorbidities among HIV-positive individuals.

Effect of Buyang Huanwutang on Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 Antioxidant Signaling Pathway in Rats with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the effect of Buyang Huanwutang on Kelch-like Ech-related protein 1 （Keap1）/nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）/heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） antioxidant signaling pathway in rats with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis （IPF） and explore the mechanism of this prescription in the treatment of IPF. MethodForty SPF-grade male SD rats were assigned into a sham operation group， a model group， a Buyang Huanwutang group， and a nintedanib group according to random number table method， with 10 rats in each group. IPF rat model was established by intratracheal infusion of bleomycin （0.005 g·kg-1） in other groups except the sham operation group. Buyang Huanwutang group was administrated with Buyang Huanwutang (14.84 g·kg-1)，intragastric administration of nitedanib suspension (0.1 g·kg-1)，sham operation group and model group were given equal volume of normal saline， for 28 days. After lung function test， serum and lung tissue samples were collected. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Masson trichrome staining were employed to observe the pathological changes of the lung tissue. The content of hydroxyproline （HYP） in lung tissue was detected. The levels of malondialdehyde （MDA） in serum and lung tissue， and the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）， glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） and catalase （CAT） were determined. The mRNA and protein levels of Keap1， Nrf2， and HO-1 was determined by Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction， immunohistochemical staining， and Western blot. ResultCompared with the sham operation group， the modeling increased the resistance and elasticity and decreased the compliance of respiratory system （P<0.01）， elevated the lung index， pathological score， and HYP content in lung tissue （P<0.01）， and enriched MDA in serum and lung tissue， while it decreased the activities of SOD， GSH-Px， and CAT （P<0.01）. Furthermore， the modeling down-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of Keap1 and up-regulated those of Nrf2 and HO-1 in lung tissue （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Buyang Huanwutang decreased the resistance and elasticity and increased the compliance of respiratory system （P<0.01）， lowered the lung index， pathological score， and HYP content in lung tissue （P<0.01）， and reduced MDA in serum and lung tissue， while it increased the activities of SOD， GSH-Px， and CAT （P<0.01）. Additionally， Buyang Huanwutang down-regulated the expression of Keap1 and up-regulated that of Nrf2 and HO-1 in lung tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionBuyang Huanwutang can activate Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway to enhance the antioxidant capacity and slow down the pathological process of IPF in rats.

Research progress on scarlet fever epidemic and associated factors / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Scarlet fever is a respiratory disease caused by Group A Streptococcus (GAS). It commonly attacks school children and has no available vaccine currently.The human history, especially European Industrial Revolution and Victorian Era, has witnessed large scale scarlet fever epidemics.Before antibiotics were invented, scarlet fever was once a highly transmissible disease with high mortality about 30%-50%.With the wide use of antibiotics after World War Ⅱ, the incidence and mortality of scarlet fever decrease significantly.Invasive streptococcal infections resurge in Europe and America in 1980s.In the past ten years, the incidence of scarlet fever kept increasing in several countries around the world.In this article, the latest research progress of scarlet fever epidemiology and pathogenesis was reviewed.Meanwhile, potential mechanisms and risk factors for the recently increasing incidence of scarlet fever in various regions were discussed.

The development of small-molecule inhibitors targeting MYC / 药学学报

The MYC gene, one of the most common dysregulated driver genes in human cancers, is composed of three paralogous genes C-MYC, N-MYC and L-MYC. It is abnormally activated in more than half of cancer types. Since MYC plays an important role in the formation, maintenance and progression of cancer, targeting MYC is an effective strategy for cancer treatment. As a potential anti-cancer target, MYC is considered "undruggable" because it lacks a suitable pocket for accommodating small molecule inhibitors. Recently, under the guidance of protein structure information and many computational tools, many indirect strategies to inhibit MYC have emerged and shown favorable anti-cancer effects in tumor models. In this paper, the recent small molecules that indirectly target MYC are divided into inhibitors acting on the protein-protein interaction (PPI) among MYC and other proteins, and targeting inhibitors regulating MYC action. Additionally, the introduction and assessment towards compounds with different mechanisms are summarized to provide reference for the further research of MYC inhibitors.

Dahuang Lingxian Prescription Regulates Effect of TAK1 and TRAF6 Interaction and Co-localization on Inflammatory Response of Bile Duct Cells / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the repair effect of Dahuanglingxian prescription （DHLX） on bile duct epithelial cells of rats. To explore whether its mechanism of action is to adjust the mutual binding of transforming growth factor -β （TGF-β） activated kinase 1（TAK1） and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 （TRAF6）， and regulate the activation of the nuclear transcription factor -κB （NF-κB）/mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signaling pathway. MethodThe 20 SD rats were randomly divided into normal group and DHLX group， 10 rats in each group， were given saline and DHLX （320 mg·kg-1·d-1） for 8 days， to prepare normal serum and DHLX serum. Biliary epithelial cells were extracted from normal SD rats and divided into 9 groups： Normal group， model group （20 mg·L-1）， LPS+DHLX group （20 mg·L-1+10% DHLX）， LPS+PDTC group （20 mg·L-1+200 μmol·L-1）， LPS+SB203580 group （20 mg·L-1+0.5 μmol·L-1）， LPS+PDTC+SB203580 group （20 mg·L-1+200 μmol·L-1+0.5 μmol·L-1）， LPS+PDTC+DHLX group （20 mg·L-1+200 μmol·L-1+10% DHLX serum）， LPS+SB203580+DHLX group （20 mg·L-1+0.5 μmol·L-1+10% DHLX serum）， LPS+PDTC+SB203580 +DHLX group （20 mg·L-1+200 μmol·L-1+0.5 μmol·L-1+10% DHLX serum）. The microscopic observation of morphological changes in each group of cells after drug intervention. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was used to detect the expression of （IL）-1β and IL-6 in each group of cells. Western blot detected the expression levels of TAK1 and TRAF6 proteins in each group of cells， Co-IP detected the interaction between TAK1 and TRAF6， and further observed the distribution and co-localization of TAK1 and TRAF6 using Laser confocal microscope. ResultAfter the action of LPS， the cell synapses are reduced， the cell body becomes significantly rounded and smaller， but the cell morphology of each group tends to be normal after medication. Compared with normal group， the expression levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in model group were significantly increased （P<0.05）， while the expression level of TAK1 was decreased while the expression level of TRAF6 was increased （P<0.05）. The content of TAK1-TRAF6 protein complex showed a decreasing trend， and the two proteins co-located in the cytoplasm. Compared with model group， the expression levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in LPS+DHLX group were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， the expression level of TAK1 was increased and the expression level of TRAF6 was decreased （P<0.05）， the content of TAK1-TRAF6 protein complex was significantly increased （P<0.01）， and the two proteins were significantly co-located in cytoplasm. Compared with LPS+DHLX group， the expression levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in other groups were significantly decreased （P<0.05，P<0.01）. TAK1-TRAF6 protein complex content in each group was significantly decreased after pathway blocker intervention （P<0.05）， while TAK1-TRAF6 protein complex content in each group was significantly increased after pathway blocker combined with DHLX intervention （P<0.05）. Co-localization of the TAK1-TRAF6 in cytoplasm was not obvious. ConclusionIn the LPS-induced inflammatory response of bile duct cells， the binding of TAK1 and TRAF6 showed a weakening trend， but DHLX could reverse the phenomenon， we think the mechanism of action may be related to promoting the mutual binding of TAK1 and TARF6 to inhibit the activation of the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway.

Factors associated with adherence to screening before diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma related to chronic hepatitis B / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the factors associated with the patient's adherence to screening in the five years before the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) related to chronic hepatitis B ( CHB ), so as to provide reference for improving the screening rate.@*Methods@#From June 2016 to April 2018, the patients with newly diagnosed HCC and a history of CHB for more than five years in Southwest Hospital in Chongqing were interviewed. The information about socio-demographic characteristics, health status, medical care and HCC screening in the past five years were collected. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors associated with adherence to screening. @*Results@#Among 420 participants, 140 ( 33.33% ) adhered to HCC screening, 124 ( 29.53% ) had irregular/incomplete screening, while 156 ( 37.14% ) never had screening. The proportion of early-stage HCC at diagnosis was significantly higher in patients who adhered to screening ( 77.14% ) than that in patients who had irregular/incomplete screening (35.48%) or no screening ( 12.82% ) and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05 ). The multivariate analysis demonstrated that five factors were significantly associated with patient's adherence to screening, including education level of high school and above ( OR=2.346, 95%CI: 1.370-4.017), family history of HCC ( OR=2.795, 95%CI: 1.457-5.362 ), history of chronic diseases ( OR=3.860, 95%CI: 2.052-7.262), acceptance of antiviral therapy ( OR=17.816, 95%CI: 9.702-32.716 ) and specialized clinic visits ( OR=8.332, 95%CI: 1.588-43.710 ).@*Conclusions@#Adherence to screening is conducive to the early detection of HCC, but the screening rate is low in the patients with CHB. Education level, history of HCC, health status and medical status are significantly related to screening adherence.

A meta analysis of associated factors for fatal pertussis in children / 预防医学

Objective@#To learn the associated factors for fatal pertussis in children, so as to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of fatal pertussis.@*Methods@#We searched Pubmed, Embase, Ovid, Web of Science, Wanfang Data, CNKI and CBM up to May of 2020 for the analytical studies about the associated factors for fatal pertussis in children, and used weighted mean difference (WMD) and odds ratio (OR) for a meta analysis.@*Results @#Finally 16 studies our of 5 418 preliminary ones were included. The meta analysis indicated that females (OR=1.36, 95%CI: 1.13-1.64) , low birth weight (WMD=-0.21, 95%CI: -0.40 - -0.03) , young age (WMD=-15.54, 95%CI: -28.97 - -2.10) , small gestational age (WMD=-0.96, 95%CI: -1.77 - -0.16), pertussis immunizations (OR=0.20, 95%CI: 0.11-0.36) , seizures (OR=9.88, 95%CI: 6.94-14.08), spasmodic cough (OR=0.61, 95%CI: 0.47-0.78), increased respiratory rate (WMD=10.68, 95%CI: 3.41-17.95) , increased heart rate (WMD=18.01, 95%CI: 7.33-28.69) , decreased percent oxygen saturation (WMD=-5.38, 95%CI: -10.36 - -0.39) , increased white blood cell counts (WMD=47.70, 95%CI: 40.95-54.46),increased absolute lymphocyte counts (WMD=17.03, 95%CI: 11.00-23.07) , increased absolute neutrophil counts (WMD=11.22, 95%CI: 6.04-16.40), pulmonary hypertension (OR=37.99, 95%CI: 16.76-86.13) , pneumonia (OR=37.65, 95%CI: 27.85-50.90) , encephalopathy (OR=23.38, 95%CI: 8.21-66.54) , any comorbidity (OR=3.00, 95%CI: 1.73-5.23), mechanical ventilation (OR=38.79, 95%CI: 11.81-127.42) , intubation (OR=297.36, 95%CI: 46.20-1 913.98), high-frequency ventilation (OR=18.34, 95%CI: 8.46-39.75) , extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (OR=47.49, 95%CI: 15.53-145.21), inhaled nitric oxide (OR=25.86, 95%CI: 8.52-78.43), use of vasoactive drugs (OR=54.42, 95%CI: 15.71-188.45) and blood exchange transfusion (OR=16.77, 95%CI: 6.53-43.09) were associated with fatal pertussis in children. The results of sensitivity analysis were stable. The results of Egger＇s assay showed publication bias in studies about spasmodic cough, encephalopathy and use of vasoactive drugs, while Begg＇s assay showed no publication bias at all.@*Conclusions @#Fatal pertussis in children is associated with gender, age, birth weight, gestational age as well as a variety of clinical features. Early identification and intervention are needed, and vaccination should be strengthened.

Establishment and evaluation of a highly efficient and stable calcium phosphate transfection method for 293t cells / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To explore the effects of two kinds of calcium phosphate transfection methods in the 293T cells, and to establish the method of achieving high-efficiency and stable calcium phosphate transfection in the 293T cells. Methods: Fluorescence microscope was used to observe the transfection efficiencies of transfection of pCDH-GFP-3xflag-TRAF6 plasmid into the 293T cells by two kinds of calcium phosphate transfection methods (traditional calcium phosphate transfection method and improved calcium phosphate transfection method). Real-time PCR and Western blotting method were used to detect the expression levels of TRAF6 mRNA and flag protein in the 293T cells after transfection of pCDH-GFP-3xflag-TRAF6 plasmid by two kinds of calcium phosphate transfection methods. Results: Under fluorescence microscope, compared with traditional calcium phosphate transfection method, the transfection efficiencies of improved calcium phosphate transfection method 24 an 48 h after transfection of pCDH-GFP-3xflag-TRAF6 plasmid into the 293T cells were significantly increased (P<0. 01). The Real-time PCR and Western blotting results showed that compared with traditional transfection method, the expression levels of TRAF6 mRNA and flag protein in the 293T cells 24 and 48 h after transfection of pCDH-GFP-3xflag-TRAF6 plasmid by calcicum phosphate transfection method were significantly increased (P<0. 01). Conclusion: The improved calcium phosphate transfection method established in this reseach is a highly efficient and stable DNA transfection method.

The effects of silica dust on the expression of MyD88 and TRAF6 mRNA of lung macrophages in rats / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the effects of silica dust on the expression of Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF6) mRNA of lung macrophages in rats.@*Methods@#Selecting 40 SPF-class Wistar rats with average weight (200±20) g randomly divided into control group and 30 d, 60 d, 120 d experimental groups with 10 rats in each group according to body weight. The experimental groups rats were injected with 1 ml of SiO2 (100 mg/ml) suspension through the trachea into lung only once, then they were respectively killed after 30, 60, 120 days. The control group rats were injected with 1 ml of saline into lung, and killed after 120 days. The lungs of the rats were taken for pathological observation. Lung macrophages were extracted and counted, and their activity was detected by MTT. RT-qPCR was used to assess the relative contents of MyD88 mRNA and TRAF6 mRNA.@*Results@#Silica dust inhalation led to infiltration of lung tissue cells, thickening the alveolar wall and destruction of alveolar structure. The longer the exposure to dust, the more obvious the results were. The number of macrophages in all experimental groups and activity in the 30 d, 60 d groups were significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05) . Among them, 30 d group had the largest number and the highest activity. Compared with the control group, the expression of MyD88 mRNA and TRAF6 mRNA of lung macrophages in rats increased in the experimental groups (P<0.05) , especially in the 60 d group.@*Conclusion@#Silica dust inhalation can increase the expression of MyD88 and TRAF6 in macrophages, suggesting that silica dust can induce silicosis fibrosis by activating TLR/NF-κB signal pathway.

The role and mechanism of TRAF2 in the biological behavior of gastric cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective@#To clarify the effect of TRAF2 in the biological behavior of gastric cancer and explore the mechanism.@*Methods@#TRAF2 stably depleted AGS cell was established. Cell growth was monitored by x-CELLigence system. Cell proliferation was detected using cell viability assay. The apoptosis and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry. The difference of migration and invasion abilities were measured by real-time xCELLigence system and Transwell. The expression and activity of NF-κB signaling pathway were measured by western blot and TransAM assay. The expression of TRAF2 in gastric cancer tissue and its clinical significance were detected by immunohistochemistry.@*Results@#The cell index of AGS-siTRAF2 cells was significantly lower than that of AGS-sictrl cells at 8 h. In the cell viability assay, the A values of AGS-siTRAF2 cells were 51 296.00±2 631.06, 68 389.25±6 703.21 and 65 559.50±6 339.22 at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. The values of the viability of AGS-siTRAF2 cells were significantly lower than those of AGS-sictrl cells (P<0.001). The results of flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rates of AGS-siTRAF2 cells were (1.42±0.07)%, (2.98±0.11)% and (1.56±0.03)% at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of AGS-sictrl cells (all P<0.05). The distribution of S phase in AGS-siTRAF2 cells was (23.57±1.12)%, while that in the AGS-sictrl cells was (19.49±1.19)%. The difference was statistically significant (P=0.012). AGS-siTRAF2 cells migrated much slower than AGS-sictrl cells from 3 h and the number of migrated AGS-sictrl cells was 121.7±6.7 while that of AGS-siTRAF2 cells was 84.0±6.6 (P=0.002). The cell index of AGS-siTRAF2 cells was less than that of AGS-sictrl cells from 3 h. In Transwell assay, the number of invaded AGS-sictrl cells was 109.3±3.1 after 24 h of culture, significantly higher than 79.0±6.2 of AGS-siTRAF2 cells (P=0.002). Western blot analysis showed that the expression levels of RelA, RelB, p50 and p52 in AGS-siTRAF2 cells were significantly lower than those in AGS-sictrl cells. The activities of RelA, RelB, p50 and p52 in AGS-siTRAF2 cells were 0.01±0.00, 0.01±0.01, 0.92±0.01 and 0.53±0.03, respectively, significantly lower than those of AGS-sictrl cells (all P<0.001). High TRAF2 expression (TRAF2-high) was found in 53.0% of GC samples, while TRAF2-high was only observed in 38.0% of the paired adjacent tissues (P=0.033). The expression of TRAF2 was significantly higher in the tubular adenocarcinoma, poor differentiation advanced T, advanced N, and clinical staging (P<0.05). The median survival time were 17 months and 78 months in the TRAF2 high-expression and low-expression groups, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.010).@*Conclusions@#Depletion of TRAF2 inhibits the AGS cell growth, migration and invasion. The expression of TRAF2 is increased in gastric tumor tissue. The expression of TRAF2 is associated with the prognosis of gastric cancer.

Study on the relationship between HPA and NRF2 and the occurrence and development of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the expression of heparanase (HPA) and NF-E2 associated factor (NRF2) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.Methods We collected 81 cases of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in our hospital from February 2015 to February 2017 as group A,and then selected 77 cases of polyp of vocal cord pathological specimens as group B.The expression of HPA was detected by immunohistochemistry,and the expression of NRF2 was detected by western blot.Results The positive expression rate of HPA and the expression of NRF in the group A and B were 81.48％,19.48％ and 0.844±0.113,0.202±0.094,the difference was statistically significant (P＜ 0.05).The positive expression rates of HPA in patients with lymph node metastasis and TNM stage Ⅲ to Ⅳ were 93.02％ and 94.87％,which were significantly higher than those without lymph node metastasis and stage Ⅰ to Ⅱ (P＜0.05).The positive expression rates of HPA in patients with low and middle differentiation were 93.75％ and 100.00％,which were significantly higher than those with high differentiation (P＜0.05).The expression of NRF2 in patients with lymph node metastasis and TNM stage Ⅲ to Ⅳ were 0.901± 0.122 and 0.885 ± 0.105,which significantly higher than those without lymph node metastasis and stage Ⅰ to Ⅱ (P＜0.05).The expression of NRF2 in patients with moderate and low differentiation were 0.854± 0.101 and 0.878 ± 0.099,which were significantly higher than patients with stage Ⅰ to Ⅱ (P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression of HPA and NRF2 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma are significantly increased,which are related to lymph node metastasis,TNM stage and pathological grade.

Transforming growth factor beta-1 promotes migration and invasion of ovarian epithelial carcinoma cells through TRAF6-mediated activation of Notch3 signaling pathway / 中国癌症杂志

Background and purpose: Abnormal expression and amplification of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and Notch3 in ovarian carcinoma tissues are associated with metastasis and low survival rate, respectively. The crosstalk between TGF-β1 and Notch3 signaling pathway promotes invasion and metastasis in various cancers. However, the mechanism is still under debate. Therefore, this study was designed, using in vitro cytological assays, to investigate the effects of TGF-β1 and Notch3 signaling pathway on ovarian cancer cell biological behavior and the potential mechanisms in terms of the crosstalk between TGF-β1 and Notch3 signaling pathway. Methods: Hey A8 and Hey cell lines were used as models in the study. The levels of TGF-β1 in supernatants from culture media were measured by ELISA. Both cell lines were treated with 500 ng/mL TGF-β1 neutralizing antibody (control group), 10 ng/mL TGF-β1, 50 μmol/L DAPT, 10 ng/mL TGF-β1 and 50 μmol/L DAPT, 50 μmol/L tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) peptide inhibitor, 10 ng/mL TGF-β1 and 50 μmol/L TRAF6 peptide inhibitor, respectively. The protein expression levels of TGF-β1 and Notch3 signaling pathway molecules as well as TRAF6 from cell lines with different treatments were detected by Western blot. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were tested by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), scratch and Transwell assays, respectively. Results: The levels of TGF-β1 were timedependently increased in supernatants of culture media from Hey A8 and Hey cell lines. Compared with control group, TGF-β1 treatment increased the expression levels of Notch3-ICD and Hes1, while no obvious change was observed in the group treated with DAPT and TGF-β1. Moreover, TGF-β1 promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion while DAPT decreased the proliferation, migration and invasion in cell lines treated with TGF-β1. These results indicated that TGF-β1 might promote proliferation, invasion and migration of ovarian epithelial cancer cells through activating the Notch3 signaling pathway. Further study showed that TGF-β1 up-regulated TRAF6 and activated the Notch3 signaling pathway. The activation of the Notch3 signaling pathway by TGF-β1 was inhibited in cells treated with the TRAF6 specific inhibitor. Conclusions: TGF-β1 may promote the proliferation, invasion and migration of ovarian epithelial carcinoma cells through TRAF6-mediated activation of the Notch3 signaling pathway.

Progress of relationship between ubiquitinating enzyme damaged-DNA binding protein 2 and tumors / 肿瘤研究与临床

Ubiquitinating enzyme damaged-DNA binding protein 2 (DDB2) is a rind of DDB1 and CUL4-associated factors (DCAF), and identifies belonging to the family of ubiquitinating E3 enzymes. DDB2 combines with CUL4-DDB1 to form the ubiquitin ligase complex, and identifies targets protein substrate specificity to make the substrate ubiquitin and degradation. It affects the development of tumors through various pathways, such as DNA damage repair, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis, cell invasion and metastasis, cell premature senescence, cell proliferation and cancer stem cell population. This paper reviews the progress of the relationship between DDB2 and the development, treatment and prognosis judgment of tumors.

Analysis on voluntary blood donation and associated factors in men who have sex with men in 3 cities in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To assess the prevalence of blood donation and associated factors in men who have sex with men (MSM) in China.Methods Our observational study was conducted between January and August,2017 in 3 cities:Guangzhou,Shenzhen and Wuxi.Eligible participants were MSM (≥ 18 years old) who had either ≥2 male sex partners or unprotected anal sex with casual partners,or had been diagnosed with STI in the past 6 months.A self-completed tablet-based questionnaire was used to collect the information about MSM's socio-demographic characteristics,sexual behaviors and blood donation history.Results A total of 603 MSM were enrolled in our study,including 302 in Guangzhou,152 in Shenzhen and 149 in Wuxi,with a mean age of 27.9 years (SD=7.8).Overall,29.2％ (176/603) of the MSM reported a history of blood donation,and 33.1％ (100/302) in Guangzhou,27.6％ (42/152) in Shenzhen and 22.8％ (34/149) in Wuxi,the differences were not significant (x2=6.421,P=0.093).Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that MSM had ever tested for HIV for ≥2 times in the past 12 months (vs.MSM tested for HIV one time,aOR=1.49,95％CI:1.08-2.19) or who had ever used gay dating app (vs.MSM who not used gay dating app,aOR=2.13,95％CI:1.12-4.44) were more likely to donate blood.Conclusions Blood donation was common in MSM in China.Health education about blood donation in MSM should be strengthened to ensure the blood safety.

The drinking status and associated factors in adults in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the drinking status and associated factors in adults in China.Methods Based on the 2010-2012 China National Nutrition and Health Survey (CNNHS),a total of 135 824 participants aged ≥18 were included in this cross-sectional analysis.Multivariable logistic regression model was used to investigate the associated factors for drinking status.Results The overall drinking rate was 30.5％ in Chinese adults,53.8％ in men,and 12.2％ in women.The excessive drinking rate was 14.0％ in men and 1.1％ in women.The daily drinking rate was 25.7％ in men and 10.9％ in women.Men mainly consumed multi-type wines,but women preferred beer.The overall harmful drinking rate was 7.1％.The excessive drinking rate,daily drinking rate,and harmful drinking rate increased first but then declined with age.All the four rates were positively related with physical activity.Conclusions The drinking rate,excessive drinking rate,daily drinking rate and harmful drinking rate were high in adults in China.Drinking status was associated with age,sex,marital status,education level,smoking status and physical activity.

Analysis on voluntary blood donation and associated factors in men who have sex with men in 3 cities in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To assess the prevalence of blood donation and associated factors in men who have sex with men (MSM) in China.Methods Our observational study was conducted between January and August,2017 in 3 cities:Guangzhou,Shenzhen and Wuxi.Eligible participants were MSM (≥ 18 years old) who had either ≥2 male sex partners or unprotected anal sex with casual partners,or had been diagnosed with STI in the past 6 months.A self-completed tablet-based questionnaire was used to collect the information about MSM's socio-demographic characteristics,sexual behaviors and blood donation history.Results A total of 603 MSM were enrolled in our study,including 302 in Guangzhou,152 in Shenzhen and 149 in Wuxi,with a mean age of 27.9 years (SD=7.8).Overall,29.2％ (176/603) of the MSM reported a history of blood donation,and 33.1％ (100/302) in Guangzhou,27.6％ (42/152) in Shenzhen and 22.8％ (34/149) in Wuxi,the differences were not significant (x2=6.421,P=0.093).Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that MSM had ever tested for HIV for ≥2 times in the past 12 months (vs.MSM tested for HIV one time,aOR=1.49,95％CI:1.08-2.19) or who had ever used gay dating app (vs.MSM who not used gay dating app,aOR=2.13,95％CI:1.12-4.44) were more likely to donate blood.Conclusions Blood donation was common in MSM in China.Health education about blood donation in MSM should be strengthened to ensure the blood safety.

The drinking status and associated factors in adults in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the drinking status and associated factors in adults in China.Methods Based on the 2010-2012 China National Nutrition and Health Survey (CNNHS),a total of 135 824 participants aged ≥18 were included in this cross-sectional analysis.Multivariable logistic regression model was used to investigate the associated factors for drinking status.Results The overall drinking rate was 30.5％ in Chinese adults,53.8％ in men,and 12.2％ in women.The excessive drinking rate was 14.0％ in men and 1.1％ in women.The daily drinking rate was 25.7％ in men and 10.9％ in women.Men mainly consumed multi-type wines,but women preferred beer.The overall harmful drinking rate was 7.1％.The excessive drinking rate,daily drinking rate,and harmful drinking rate increased first but then declined with age.All the four rates were positively related with physical activity.Conclusions The drinking rate,excessive drinking rate,daily drinking rate and harmful drinking rate were high in adults in China.Drinking status was associated with age,sex,marital status,education level,smoking status and physical activity.

Protective Effect and Mechanism of Human Lipoxin A4 on N2a Cell Injury Induced by β-Amyloid Protein 25-35 / 中国药师

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of human lipoxin A4 (LXA4) on N2a cell damage induced by β-amyloid protein 25-35 (Aβ25-35) and the underlying mechanism. Methods: Aβ25-35 was used to treat N2a cells to establish Alzheimer's disease (AD) cell injury model. Meanwhile, LXA4 was added to the experimental group at different concentrations (50, 100 and 200 nmol·L-1 ). MTT assay was used to detect the activity of N2a cells. The apoptosis was detected by Hoechst 33258-PI staining, the expression of P62 and TRAF6 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR, and the expression of P62 and TRAF6 protein was detected by Western blot. Results: Compared with that of the model group, the cell survival rate of LXA4 protective group (50,100 and 200 nmol·L-1 ) increased (P <0. 01) and the apoptosis of N2a cells induced by Aβ25-35 was reduced by LXA4 (100 and 200 nmol·L-1 ) . Compared with that of the model group, the expression of P62-mRNA and protein-P62 of N2a cells treated with Aβ25-35 increased (P <0. 05 or P <0. 01) and the expression of TRAF6-mRNA and protein-TRAF6 of N2a cells treated with Aβ25-35 were reduced (P <0. 05 or P <0. 01). Conclusion: LXA4 has protective effect on N2a cell damage induced by Aβ25-35 , and its mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of P62 gene and down-regulation of TRAF6 gene.